A single-center experience of early administration of tocilizumab and corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Abstract

Background: We investigated the therapeutic response of tocilizumab (TCZ) therapy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Methods: This observational retrospective study included 205 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia with SpO2˂93% and a markedly increased level of at least two biomarkers of inflammation. The TCZ was given in combination with corticosteroids. Clinical and laboratory results were analyzed and compared before TCZ therapy and 7 d after. Results: The mean value of C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly lower (p=0.001) on the seventh day after administration of TCZ compared with before (10.7 and 173.6 mg/L, respectively). Only in 9/205 (4.3%) patients, the CRP level did not decrease during the week-long period, and this was related to disease progression. The mean level of interleukin-6 before TCZ administration was 88±113 pg/mL, while after it was 32.7±21.7 pg/mL (p=0.01). After 7 d of TCZ therapy, almost 50% of patients who needed high-flow oxygen or ventilation support started to receive low-flow oxygen, while 73/205 (35.6%) patients who received low-flow oxygen before TCZ administration did not receive further oxygen support anymore (p=0.001). Although they received TCZ treatment, 38/205 (18.5%) severely sick patients died. Conclusions: Tocilizumab improves clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. These advantages were evident independent of the patient's comorbidities and were in addition to the advantages of systemic corticosteroids. In COVID-19 patients at risk of cytokine storms, TCZ appears to be an effective therapy choice. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.