Timing of invasive strategy in NSTE-ACS patients and effect on clinical outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Background: Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have produced conflicting results on the effects of early versus delayed invasive strategy in NSTE-ACS patients. Objectives: To perform up to date meta-analysis on the pooled data sample comparing early versus delayed invasive strategy, and to explore potential causes for the observed high statistical heterogeneity. Methods: MEDLINE via Pubmed, Central, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials Registry, Current controlled study and ClinicalTrials.gov registry and relevant conference proceedings were searched. RCTs were included that directly compared early versus delayed invasive strategy and reported rates of death, new myocardial infarction (MI) and/or recurrent ischemia. Results: 10 RCTs with 6089 patients were included. Time to coronary angiography varied from 0.5 to 24h in the early and from 20.5 to 86h in the delayed group. Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in mortality (OR=0.83, 95%CI 0.64-1.08, P=0.16), and similar new MI rates (OR=1.02, 95%CI 0.63-1.64, P=0.94). The rate of recurrent ischemia was reduced in patients undergoing early coronary angiography (OR=0.56, 95%CI 0.40-0.79, P=0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that the rate of new MI tended to depend on the study-specific endpoint definition (p for difference between subgroups 0.11), while a meta-regression revealed association of new MI rates with the within-study delay to coronary angiography (p=0.05). Conclusion: Early invasive strategy appears to reduce the occurrence of recurrent ischemia, but confers no mortality benefit. The true effect on the occurrence of new MI is obscured by the high between-study heterogeneity that stems mainly from non-uniform timing of early intervention and new MI definitions across the trials. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.