Non-urethral complications after hypospadias repair

Abstract

Complications after hypospadias repair can be either anatomical (surgical) or psychological (non-surgical). Surgical complications can be classified in two groups: complications related to the urethra and nonurethral complications. Although urethral complications are more common and have been extensively analyzed, non-urethral surgical complications carry a risk of repeated surgery and may lead to severe functional and psychological disorders. The most common non-urethral complications are glans deformity, residual curvature and trapped penis due to penile skin deficiency. Each of these complications needs to be carefully examined because they can lead to unacceptable penile appearance, with consecutive psychological and psychosexual disturbances. Urethral complications, on the other hand, are usually related only to voiding disorders. Moreover, non-urethral complications can lead to complete anatomical and psychological inability for sexual intercourse. Therefore, long-term follow-up related to all aspects is considered important for a successful outcome with satisfactorily psychosexual development. In addition to surgeons? or parents? judgment, independent evaluation of patient satisfaction is essential for establishing legitimate results of the treatment. © 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.