Recommendations for competitive sports activities in children and adolescents with congenital heart defects; [Preporuke za bavljenje sportom djece i adolescenata sa urođenim srčanim manama]

Abstract

The outcomes for patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) have significantly improved, with most reaching adulthood, which raises clinical dilemmas regarding sports participation. Children and adolescents with CHD, whether uncorrected, palliatively, or completely corrected, can often engage in sports. However, they are frequently restricted due to unwarranted fears from parents, coaches, sports medicine physicians, and pediatricians. When determining the eligibility of these individuals for sports participation, it is crucial to understand the anatomy and hemodynamic status of the congenital heart defect, along with the type and intensity of the sports activity. This review compiles guidelines from European and American cardiology associations aimed at facilitating decision-making in everyday clinical practice. The lack of literature on this specific topic is inevitable, requiring physicians to individualize recommendations for each patient while adhering to guidelines. © 2025, Croatian Paediatric Society. All rights reserved.