Clinical Characteristics and Management of Patients With Concomitant Liver Cirrhosis and Lymphoma: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Over the years, a rising incidence of liver cirrhosis and lymphoma has been observed. Therefore, the risk of having cirrhosis as a comorbidity increases, thus challenging treatment approaches as data on the management of these patients is lacking. We performed a systematic review to summarize papers that analyzed patients with liver cirrhosis that occurred before and/or concomitantly to lymphoma. We identified 153 papers (230 patients) through Pubmed and/or Embase search. Publications comprised predominantly of case reports and/or case series. Most patients had HCV-related cirrhosis (62.6%), and aggressive lymphoma histology (59.6%). Data on liver status was available in 55.7% of all patients, with 46.1% having decompensated liver cirrhosis. These patients experienced more often treatment reductions and/or modifications, treatment side effects, and inferior survival than those with compensated cirrhosis (median 18 months vs. median not reached). Dose reductions and/or treatment modifications primarily due to concomitant liver disease were common. Moreover, liver toxicity was observed in 33.6% of patients with provided information on treatment side effects, ranging from mild toxicity to liver failure with fatal outcomes. Again, despite treatment modification/reduction, patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis developed hepatic toxicity more frequently than patients with compensated liver disease. Although patients suffering from cirrhosis and lymphoma can tolerate standard chemoimmunotherapy, a cautious multidisciplinary approach is needed to evaluate the risks and benefits. © 2022