Browsing by Author "Teofilovski-Parapid, G. (6603061918)"

In this study we wanted to investigate whether prevalence, number of symptomatic cava and its parameters, its width, length and surface on the axial slices change in the function of ageing. We reviewed 145 fresh brains with cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) from persons aged 22 to 89 (mean 57.44 +/- 15.37) divided in three groups aged 21-40 (group I), 41 to 60 (group II) and older than 61 (group III). Prevalence does not differ much in all the groups: 32.62% in group I, 28.24% and 29.12% in groups II and III. Cava in group I were most frequently connected with schizophrenia (11 cases), in group II with alcoholism and in group III with prior head trauma. Symptomatic cava had significantly higher frequency in group III in 95% cases and in two others less than 50%. Mean widths (+/- SD) in group I, II and III were: 5.21 +/- 1.12 mm, 5.23 +/- 1.33 mm and 4.29 +/- 1.28 mm, respectively. Mean lengths were: 6.6 +/- 2.02, 6.2 +/- 2.54 and 5.9 +/- 1.82 mm. Surface areas were decreasing with ageing: 19.16 +/- 5.83 mm2 to 12.31 +/- 4.12 mm2. However, all revealed differences were not statistically significant. Cavum septi pellucidi itself does not change significantly during ageing, but it points out to some diseases and disturbances. Its appearance in all adults ought to be a warning sign, especially in persons older than 60, but it should not be neglected in other life periods, as well.

Purpose Myocardial bridge is a congenital anomaly with a markedly variable reported incidence on autopsy (4.7%–86%), likely related to geographical regions. Our previous retrospective study showed a prevalence of 0.8%, which we doubted to be the true one in the examined sample of the Serbian population. To assess the importance of the phenomenon we conducted a 2-year prospective study at the same institution. Methods Ninety-six cadaver hearts from adult individuals of both genders (51 men, 45 women) who died from natural causes underwent special dissection. Tunneled coronary arteries and myocardium were examined using light microscopy. Results A total of 14 myocardial bridges were found in 13 (13.54%) hearts. This anomaly was insignificantly more common in men (13.72% vs. 13.33%, p > 0.05). In one heart we noted two myocardial bridges (the left anterior interventricular artery and left marginal artery were overbridged). None of the myocardial bridges had been diagnosed during life. The most common causes of death were cardiac related. Myocardial bridges were located in the following areas: left anterior interventricular (50%), left circumflex artery (28.6%), left marginal artery (14.3%), and right coronary artery (7.1%). In 92.3% of cases, the right coronary artery was dominant. The only heart with a balanced-type had two bridges. Most of the myocardial bridges were long and deep. All tunneled coronary arteries, and although surrounded by “coronary cushion,” were not protected from atherosclerosis. In 30.8% of hearts with myocardial bridges, we found additional coronary artery anomalies. Conclusion Myocardial bridges were not rare in the examined sample of the Serbian population and were often associated with other coronary artery anomalies, rendering the carriers at higher risk. © 2016 Elsevier GmbH

Purpose Myocardial bridge is a congenital anomaly with a markedly variable reported incidence on autopsy (4.7%–86%), likely related to geographical regions. Our previous retrospective study showed a prevalence of 0.8%, which we doubted to be the true one in the examined sample of the Serbian population. To assess the importance of the phenomenon we conducted a 2-year prospective study at the same institution. Methods Ninety-six cadaver hearts from adult individuals of both genders (51 men, 45 women) who died from natural causes underwent special dissection. Tunneled coronary arteries and myocardium were examined using light microscopy. Results A total of 14 myocardial bridges were found in 13 (13.54%) hearts. This anomaly was insignificantly more common in men (13.72% vs. 13.33%, p > 0.05). In one heart we noted two myocardial bridges (the left anterior interventricular artery and left marginal artery were overbridged). None of the myocardial bridges had been diagnosed during life. The most common causes of death were cardiac related. Myocardial bridges were located in the following areas: left anterior interventricular (50%), left circumflex artery (28.6%), left marginal artery (14.3%), and right coronary artery (7.1%). In 92.3% of cases, the right coronary artery was dominant. The only heart with a balanced-type had two bridges. Most of the myocardial bridges were long and deep. All tunneled coronary arteries, and although surrounded by “coronary cushion,” were not protected from atherosclerosis. In 30.8% of hearts with myocardial bridges, we found additional coronary artery anomalies. Conclusion Myocardial bridges were not rare in the examined sample of the Serbian population and were often associated with other coronary artery anomalies, rendering the carriers at higher risk. © 2016 Elsevier GmbH

The presence of myocardial bridges over the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) has been studied in 55 monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) hearts. The resemblance between the Cercopithecus LAD and the one in humans has been revealed. Cercopithecus LAD was the most frequently (70.9%) overbridged artery. The bridges were usually single. Only in 2 hearts (3.6%) LAD was overbridged by 2 MB. Their length varies from 0.5 mm to 31.6 mm (average 11.7 mm). No statistically significant sexual differences in the incidence and length of MB have been reported. Atherosclerotic lesions have been reported in overbridged parts of the vessel as well as in the subepicardial ones. Intimate correlation between the presence of myocardial bridges and atherosclerosis could not be suggested.

The cardiac apex was defined and 3 types were presented: the anatomical apex, the base of which was established at the incisura apicis cordis; the amplified anatomical apex, twice the volume of the preceding; and the geometric apex, the distal third of the ventricles. These types of cardiac apex were studied in connection with the superficial branches of the coronary series at their level. The investigation was conducted on 81 normal hearts (56 males and 25 females) of 60 Caucasian and 21 non-Caucasian individuals. The arteries were injected with colored gelatine mixed with a radiopaque substance. The number of branches decreased from the geometric (the largest type) to the anatomical apex (the smallest): 27 on the surface of the geometric apex, 14 on the surface of the amplified anatomical apex, and 7 on the surface of the anatomical apex. The sternocostal aspect had a higher number of superficial branches than the diaphragmatic aspect in all types of cardiac apex. Sexual differences were found in the incidence of the r posterior ventriculi sinistri intermedius on the amplified anatomical apex as it was more frequent in females than in males. In the geometric apex there were 3 branches also more frequent in females: r anterior ventriculi sinistri inferior, r posterior ventriculi sinistri lateralis I, and r posterior ventriculi sinistri lateralis IV. © 1988 Springer-Verlag.

Discussions at the inaugural meeting of a Trans-European Pedagogic Research Group for Anatomical Sciences highlighted the fact that there exist considerable variations in the legal and ethical frameworks throughout Europe concerning body bequests for anatomical examination. Such differences appear to reflect cultural and religious variations as well as different legal and constitutional frameworks. For example, there are different views concerning the "ownership" of cadavers and concerning the need (perceived by different societies and national politicians) for legislation specifically related to anatomical dissection. Furthermore, there are different views concerning the acceptability of using unclaimed bodies that have not given informed consent. Given that in Europe there have been a series of controversial anatomical exhibitions and also a public (televised) dissection/autopsy, and given that the commercial sale or transport of anatomical material across national boundaries is strongly debated, it would seem appropriate to "harmonise" the situation (at least in the European Union). This paper summarises the legal situation in a variety of European countries and suggests examples of good practice. In particular, it recommends that all countries should adopt clear legal frameworks to regulate the acceptance of donations for medical education and research. It stresses the need for informed consent, with donors being given clear information upon which to base their decision, intentions to bequest being made by the donor before death and encourages donors to discuss their wishes to bequeath with relatives prior to death. Departments are encouraged, where they feel it appropriate, to hold Services of Thanksgiving and Commemoration for those who have donated their bodies. Finally, there needs to be legislation to regulate transport of bodies or body parts across national borders and a discouragement of any moves towards commercialisation in relation to bequests.

Investigation of the membranous portion of the interventricular septum (MPIS) and its relationship with the aortic valve was performed in 32 human hearts of adult individuals (19 Caucasians and 11 non-Caucasians). With transillumination of the MPIS the specimens were photographed and 35 mm slides obtained. These were digitized into Apple Macintosh II using a Dage Model 68 video camera and a Data Translations DT 2255 frame grabber. The areas and the distances were traced manually, using the NIH Image program (Wayne Rasband, NIH, Research Services Branch, NIHM). The following forms of MPIS were found: oval (31.3%), triangular (28.1%), quadrangular (18.8%), circular (15.6%) and semilunar (6.2%); its surface area varied from 5.65 mm2 to 142.63 mm2 (mean 48.82±29.17 mm2). The superior border of the MPIS was in close relationship with the aortic valve, and its upper part was usually (41%) in direct continuity with the attachments of both right (RAC) and posterior (PAC) aortic cusps, or with PAC (34%) or RAC (6%) only. Rarely (19%) the MPIS lay below the attachments of both cusps. The distance between the MPIS superior border and the attachment of the RAC was not greater than 5.89 mm (mean 1.69 mm±1.9 mm). The distance between the superior border of the MPIS and the attachment of the PAC was not greater than 5.63 mm (mean 0.77±1.49 mm). Differences between sex, race and age groups were not statistically significant. © 1991 Springer-Verlag.