Browsing by Author "Stamenković, Miroslav (7003436370)"

Introduction/Objective Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a developmental vascular proliferative disorder in premature children’s incompletely vascularized retina. Many factors slow down or prevent the normal development of retinal vascularization in premature babies. The aim of our study was to examine the risk factors in premature infants of gestational age (GA) of 25–36 weeks associated with the occurrence of severe ROP. Methods The study was cross-sectional. The research included patients monitored by a screening program for ROP, i.e. prematurely born children with a body weight mass (BMW) ≤ 2000 g, and/or GA of ≤ 36 weeks. Results Statistically significant differences were observed between the ROP and the control group in the mean values of GA, BWM at birth, Apgar score, and days of oxygen therapy. Also, frequencies of respiratory distress syndrome expression, broncho-pulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhages, and require-ment for mechanical ventilation were statistically significantly different between the two analyzed groups. Conclusion Our work confirmed that low GA and low BWM are already accepted risk factors for ROP. The presence of perinatal asphyxia, the length of oxygen administration and assisted ventilation are significantly associated with the appearance of active forms of retinopathy. Sepsis and anemia were shown to be significantly associated with more severe forms of retinopathy, while hyperbilirubinemia was approximately present in both examined groups. More severe forms of intraventricular hemorrhages and necrotic enterocolitis are significantly more common in children with active retinopathy. © 2024, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

Introduction Ultrastructural changes in corneas of patients with diabetes mellitus have been previously described.; Objective The aim of this study was to compare central corneal thickness (CDR) values in diabetic patients without retinopa-thy at the stage of diabetic nonproliferative and proliferative retinopathy and CDR in a control group of healthy subjects.; Methods The study included 121 diabetic patients and 125 healthy subjects matched according to gender and age. Each patient underwent ophthalmological examination involving a dilated fundus examination and CDR measurement using the ultrasound pachymeter. The eyes of diabetic patients were classified according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study into three groups: without diabetic retinopathy (NDR), with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and a group with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Only one eye of each subject was chosen for the study.; Results The mean CDR value was significantly higher in the diabetic group (570.52±31.81 µm) compared with the control group (541.42±27.82 µm). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The highest mean CDR value was recorded in the PDR group (585.97±28.58 µm), followed by the NPDR group (570.84±30.27 µm), whereas the lowest mean CDR value was recorded in the NDR group (559.80±31.55 µm). There was a statistically significant difference in CDR between the NDR and PDR groups, as well as between the NPDR and PDR groups (p<0.001, p<0.05 respectively). No significant difference was recorded between the NDR and NPDR groups (p>0.05).; Conclusion CDR of diabetic patients was higher compared to healthy subjects. The highest mean value of CDR was registered in the PDR group, followed by the NPDR and the NDR groups. © 2014, Srpsko Lekarsko Drutsvo. All rights reserved.

Introduction/Objective Intraocular pressure is an important parameter of eye health, especially when glaucoma is suspected. So far, few studies have been published that aimed to determine the average value of intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in a healthy population aged 20–30 years. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of the values of intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in healthy student population. Methods In a cross-sectional study, intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness were measured on a sample of a healthy population, aged 22–37 years. Intraocular pressure was measured using the Goldmann applanation tonometry method, while central corneal thickness was measured using ultra-sound pachymetry. The analysis of numerical values was done using the methods of descriptive statistics. Results By measuring intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness in 641 subjects (1282 eyes), the average value of intraocular pressure was determined to be 14.79 ± 2.31 mmHg, and central corneal thickness was 553.92 ± 25.56 µm. By comparing two groups of subjects, one male group and the other one female, we determined that there was no statistically significant difference in the average value of intraocular pressure (t-test, p > 0.05), and the average value of central corneal thickness (t-test, p > 0.05) between the sexes. Conclusion The determined average value of intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness is similar to those determined in other cross-sectional studies of this type. No statistically significant difference was found in the intraocular pressure values and the central thickness of the cornea by sex. © 2024, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

SUMMARY Introduction/Objective Glaucoma diagnosis often induces fear of vision loss and blindness, as well as concerns related to the lifelong use of eye drops and financial expenses, which can lead to certain emotional disorders, depression and anxiety in particular. As these psychological disturbances usually coexist with physical disorders, the aim of the present study was to assess the risk factors for depression in patients with glaucoma. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 132 consecutive glaucoma patients that were seen between September 2018 and December 2019 at the Glaucoma Department of Clinic for Eye Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, in Belgrade. All participants completed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Results The mean age of glaucoma patients was 65.67 ± 8.63 years, whereby the mean age in the group with depression/anxiety was 65.74 ± 7.6 / 64.67 ± 5.51. Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and previous surgery was statistically significantly greater among glaucoma patients exhibiting depression relative to those that did not report any depressive symptoms (42.6% vs. 15.4%, 66.7% vs. 34.6%, respectively). On the other hand, these two groups were indistinguishable with respect to the evaluated ophthalmological parameters and the number of eye drops used to treat glaucoma. Conclusion Our analyses revealed that low economic status, poor health, prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, history of surgeries, and non-beneficial lifestyle habits such as coffee consumption are the main risk factors for depression. However, none of the investigated clinical ophthalmological characteristics emerged as the risk factors for depression. © 2023, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

Introduction/Objective This study evaluates the effects of hemodialysis (HD) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular anterior chamber morphometry in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Methods In total, 32 ESRD patients (50 eyes) who were on regular HD program, underwent ocular ex-amination. To all of them, 30 minutes before HD and 30 minutes after the end of the HD session, central corneal thickness (CCT), keratometric values (K1, K2), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) were measured using the Lenstar 900 Haag-Streit USA device (Haag-Streit Group, Köniz, Switzerland). IOP was measured using Goldman applanation tonometry. Results IOP before HD was 15.74 ± 3,043 while after HD it was 15.14 ± 3,07 (p = 0.125); K1 and K2 values were 43.11 ± 1.68 vs. 43.13 ± 1.73 (p = 0.688) and 43.11 ± 1.60 vs. 43.11 ± 1.66 (p = 0.158); AL increase from 23.25 ± 0.68 to 23.27 ± 0.68 in postHD (p = 0.158) as well as AL from 23.25 ± 0.68 to 23.27 ± 0.68 (p = 0.264); ACD decrease insignificantly from 3.14 ± 0.40 to 3.10 ± 0.42 (p = 0.063); mean LT before HD was 4.66 ± 0.38 while after HD it was 4.67 ± 0.36 (p = 0.290) and CCT was 563.68 ± 42.02 vs. 563.34 ± 42.26 (p = 0.777). Conclusion HD has no significant influences on ocular anterior segment structures such as on CCT, ACD, LT, AL, K values as well as IOP. © 2024, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

Vitamin B1 (aneurin, thiamine) is a water-soluble vitamin necessary for the normal function of the nervous system, visual system and heart and is part of important enzymes in the body. Thiamine enables the normal use of glucose, other carbohydrates and proteins, and enables the supply of energy to the organism. The main sources of thiamine are exogenous and small amounts are synthesized by microorganisms of the human intestinal microbiome. Vitamin B1 cannot accumulate in the body, so signs of deficiency are quickly manifested. Hypovitaminosis B1 is seen in chronic ethyl abuse, persistent vomiting (as in some pregnant women) or after bariatric surgical procedures, but in a mild form it is present in the general population. Normal daily needs for vitamin B1 depend on calorie intake, and 0.4 mg should be ingested for every 1000 kcal. © 2022, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.