Browsing by Author "Savić-Radojević, Ana (16246037100)"

Background: To get more insight into the effects of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on the pro oxi dant/ antioxidant balance in epi lep sy, a comparative analysis of the byproducts of oxidative damage and antioxidant de fense mechanisms was performed in patients with epilepsy treated with la mo trigine, carbamazepine and valproic acid. Methods: Byproducts of oxidative damage to proteins (reactive carbonyl derivatives, RCD and protein thiol groups, PSH), lipids (urinary isoprostanes, 8-epi-PGF2α) and DNA (urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG), as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured in 60 patients with newly diagnosed seizure (at illness onset and after 6 months of treatment with lamotrigine, carbamazepine or valproic acid) and in 20 healthy controls. Results: In patients with epilepsy, RCD, urinary 8-epi-PGF2α and 8-OHdG, together with SOD and GPX activities were significantly increased, while P-SH were only slightly decreased. After 6 months of treatment with AEDs, a decrease was observed in RCD, urinary 8-epi-PGF2α and 8-OHdG to values slightly higher or similar to the control, while P-SH remained unchanged. A decrease was also observed in SOD and GPX activities, although they remained significantly in creased compared to controls. Conclusions: The results of this study have shown that treatments with lamotrigine, carbamazepine and valproic acid affect the prooxidant/antioxidant balance in patients with epi lepsy.

Background: To get more insight into the effects of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on the pro oxi dant/ antioxidant balance in epi lep sy, a comparative analysis of the byproducts of oxidative damage and antioxidant de fense mechanisms was performed in patients with epilepsy treated with la mo trigine, carbamazepine and valproic acid. Methods: Byproducts of oxidative damage to proteins (reactive carbonyl derivatives, RCD and protein thiol groups, PSH), lipids (urinary isoprostanes, 8-epi-PGF2α) and DNA (urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG), as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured in 60 patients with newly diagnosed seizure (at illness onset and after 6 months of treatment with lamotrigine, carbamazepine or valproic acid) and in 20 healthy controls. Results: In patients with epilepsy, RCD, urinary 8-epi-PGF2α and 8-OHdG, together with SOD and GPX activities were significantly increased, while P-SH were only slightly decreased. After 6 months of treatment with AEDs, a decrease was observed in RCD, urinary 8-epi-PGF2α and 8-OHdG to values slightly higher or similar to the control, while P-SH remained unchanged. A decrease was also observed in SOD and GPX activities, although they remained significantly in creased compared to controls. Conclusions: The results of this study have shown that treatments with lamotrigine, carbamazepine and valproic acid affect the prooxidant/antioxidant balance in patients with epi lepsy.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic and reproductive disorder in women. An increased cardiovascular risk has to be anticipated in PCOS as it is a metabolically unstable condition. Among cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidemia is certainly the most persistent and highly prevalent. Predominant observation is an elevation of LDL cholesterol in all PCOS patients. Decreased concentrations of HDL cholesterol are found in obese PCOS from the third decade of life onwards while triglycerides start to rise from the second decade of life. PCOS is associated with oxidative stress, namely increased production of free radicals followed by decreased serum antioxidant levels and antioxidant enzyme activity. Broad range of endocrine and metabolic disturbances like obesity, hyperinsulinemia as well as dyslipidemia might be responsible for PCOS- associated oxidative stress. Therapeutic interventions in PCOS women based on lifestyle modification as well as use of insulin sensitizers did not show significant effect on dyslipidemia. Statins are considered to be a group of promising agents that are safe and effective in improving total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and possess antioxidant activity. Supplementation with omega- 3 fatty acids, α- lipoic acid and N- acetylcysteine is considered to have an anti- inflammatory and antioxidant effect and to improve dyslipidemia and insulin sensitivity in PCOS women. © 2013 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland). All rights reserved.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic and reproductive disorder in women. An increased cardiovascular risk has to be anticipated in PCOS as it is a metabolically unstable condition. Among cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidemia is certainly the most persistent and highly prevalent. Predominant observation is an elevation of LDL cholesterol in all PCOS patients. Decreased concentrations of HDL cholesterol are found in obese PCOS from the third decade of life onwards while triglycerides start to rise from the second decade of life. PCOS is associated with oxidative stress, namely increased production of free radicals followed by decreased serum antioxidant levels and antioxidant enzyme activity. Broad range of endocrine and metabolic disturbances like obesity, hyperinsulinemia as well as dyslipidemia might be responsible for PCOS-associated oxidative stress. Therapeutic interventions in PCOS women based on lifestyle modification as well as use of insulin sensitizers did not show significant effect on dyslipidemia. Statins are considered to be a group of promising agents that are safe and effective in improving total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and possess antioxidant activity. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids, α-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine is considered to have an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect and to improve dyslipidemia and insulin sensitivity in PCOS women. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic and reproductive disorder in women. An increased cardiovascular risk has to be anticipated in PCOS as it is a metabolically unstable condition. Among cardiovascular risk factors, dyslipidemia is certainly the most persistent and highly prevalent. Predominant observation is an elevation of LDL cholesterol in all PCOS patients. Decreased concentrations of HDL cholesterol are found in obese PCOS from the third decade of life onwards while triglycerides start to rise from the second decade of life. PCOS is associated with oxidative stress, namely increased production of free radicals followed by decreased serum antioxidant levels and antioxidant enzyme activity. Broad range of endocrine and metabolic disturbances like obesity, hyperinsulinemia as well as dyslipidemia might be responsible for PCOS-associated oxidative stress. Therapeutic interventions in PCOS women based on lifestyle modification as well as use of insulin sensitizers did not show significant effect on dyslipidemia. Statins are considered to be a group of promising agents that are safe and effective in improving total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and possess antioxidant activity. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids, α-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine is considered to have an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect and to improve dyslipidemia and insulin sensitivity in PCOS women. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzyme profiles of non-tumor and tumor renal tissue of patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the clear cell type were determined and compared to those of normal renal tissue. GST isoenzyme(s) were first separated on the basis of their affinity to glutathione sepharose 4B affinity column. Affinity-bound GSTs were further purified by anionic and cationic chromatofocusing. The results presented in this study show that non-tumor tissue distant from renal tumors and renal tumors have lower specific GST activity and a different isoenzyme profile than normal human kidney. Purification of normal kidney GSTs by affinity chromatography revealed the presence of two GST fractions: flow-through GST without affinity for glutathione affinity resin and GST fraction tightly bound to affinity matrix. In non-tumor kidney tissue of RCC patients, substantially less flow-through GST fraction was found, whereas renal tumors did not express flow-through GST at all. Isoelectric chromato-focusing indicated smaller numbers of GST isoenzymes in non-tumor and tumor kidney regions, with anionic forms dominating. It could be speculated that decreased expression of cationic GST isoenzymes (corresponding to class a) in non-tumor kidney tissue of RCC patients might be responsible for differences in sensitivity to specific carcinogens. The observations that RCCs are devoid of affinity flow-through GST and have small number of isoenzymes are further proof of low-level GST expression in RCC. © Springer-Verlag 2003.

The aim of the study was to evaluate high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen in non-obese normoinsulinemic adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their relationship with anthropometric and lipid parameters. The study comprised a total of 26 adolescent girls newly diagnosed with PCOS and 12 healthy controls with regular ovulatory menstrual cycles. The concentration of hs-CRP, fibrinogen, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical and hormonal testing were assessed. PCOS adolescent girls had significantly higher levels of hs-CRP and fibrinogen compared to healthy controls. In univariate regression analysis, statistically significant associations of hs-CRP and fibrinogen levels of PCOS patients have been shown with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, while hs-CRP levels were also associated with cholesterol and LDL. In the multivariate regression model, we found that hs-CRP levels were predicted by BMI (β=0.541, p<0.001) and LDL (β=0.507, p=0.014), while fibrinogen levels were predicted by BMI (β=0.449, p=0.004). We have shown an association of proinflammatory indices hs-CRP and fibrinogen with anthropometric and lipid parameters of adolescent women with PCOS. The inflammatory markers might be useful in monitoring normal-weight adolescent women with PCOS in an effort to timely prevent unfavorable changes in body mass and lipid profile. © 2018 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

The aim of the study was to evaluate high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and fibrinogen in non-obese normoinsulinemic adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their relationship with anthropometric and lipid parameters. The study comprised a total of 26 adolescent girls newly diagnosed with PCOS and 12 healthy controls with regular ovulatory menstrual cycles. The concentration of hs-CRP, fibrinogen, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical and hormonal testing were assessed. PCOS adolescent girls had significantly higher levels of hs-CRP and fibrinogen compared to healthy controls. In univariate regression analysis, statistically significant associations of hs-CRP and fibrinogen levels of PCOS patients have been shown with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, while hs-CRP levels were also associated with cholesterol and LDL. In the multivariate regression model, we found that hs-CRP levels were predicted by BMI (β=0.541, p<0.001) and LDL (β=0.507, p=0.014), while fibrinogen levels were predicted by BMI (β=0.449, p=0.004). We have shown an association of proinflammatory indices hs-CRP and fibrinogen with anthropometric and lipid parameters of adolescent women with PCOS. The inflammatory markers might be useful in monitoring normal-weight adolescent women with PCOS in an effort to timely prevent unfavorable changes in body mass and lipid profile. © 2018 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

Exposure to potential carcinogens is among the etiological factors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. RCC is very resistant, while TCC exhibits a high recurrence rate and multifocality. Cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a superfamily of enzymes which protect normal cells by catalyzing conjugation reactions between electrophylic compounds, including carcinogens, and glutathione. Some GST enzymes posses hydroperoxidase activity. The most well characterized classes have been named Alpha (GSTA), Mu (GSTM), Pi (GSTP) and Theta (GSTT) and each of these classes contains several different isoenzymes. Several types of allelic variation have been identified within classes, among which GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null confer impaired catalytic activity. Individuals with the GSTM1-null genotype carry a substantially higher risk for bladder carcinogenesis. The effects of glutathione S-transferase T1 polymorphism on the increased susceptibility to RCC and TCC of urinary bladder depend on the presence of specific chemical exposures to compounds metabolized via the GSTT1-1 pathway. In the process of kidney cancerisation expression of GST alpha isoenzymes tends to decrease, consequently favoring a prooxidant environment necessary for the growth of RCC. GST pi enzyme activities are generally retained in RCC and might contribute to the chemotherapy resistance of RCC. In the malignant phenotype of TCC of the urinary bladder up regulation of various GST classes occurs. Up regulation of GSTT1-1 and GSTP1-1 might have important consequences on the tumor growth, by providing a reduced environment and inhibition of apoptotic pathways.

Exposure to potential carcinogens is among the etiological factors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. RCC is very resistant, while TCC exhibits a high recurrence rate and multifocality. Cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a superfamily of enzymes which protect normal cells by catalyzing conjugation reactions between electrophylic compounds, including carcinogens, and glutathione. Some GST enzymes posses hydroperoxidase activity. The most well characterized classes have been named Alpha (GSTA), Mu (GSTM), Pi (GSTP) and Theta (GSTT) and each of these classes contains several different isoenzymes. Several types of allelic variation have been identified within classes, among which GSTM1-null and GSTT1-null confer impaired catalytic activity. Individuals with the GSTM1-null genotype carry a substantially higher risk for bladder carcinogenesis. The effects of glutathione S-transferase T1 polymorphism on the increased susceptibility to RCC and TCC of urinary bladder depend on the presence of specific chemical exposures to compounds metabolized via the GSTT1-1 pathway. In the process of kidney cancerisation expression of GST alpha isoenzymes tends to decrease, consequently favoring a prooxidant environment necessary for the growth of RCC. GST pi enzyme activities are generally retained in RCC and might contribute to the chemotherapy resistance of RCC. In the malignant phenotype of TCC of the urinary bladder up regulation of various GST classes occurs. Up regulation of GSTT1-1 and GSTP1-1 might have important consequences on the tumor growth, by providing a reduced environment and inhibition of apoptotic pathways.