Browsing by Author "Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900)"
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Publication Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2022) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800) ;Compton, Kelly (57205330541) ;Dean, Frances E. (57211949247) ;Fu, Weijia (57218882680) ;Gaw, Brian L. (57405726000) ;Harvey, James D. (57196074369) ;Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline (57219861283) ;Lu, Dan (59057346200) ;Pennini, Alyssa (57210820174) ;Xu, Rixing (57204186670) ;Ababneh, Emad (57210792873) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Elsalam, Sherief M. (57189845325) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abedi, Aidin (56673854800) ;Abidi, Hassan (36769387800) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (57211604149) ;Advani, Shailesh M. (56841222900) ;Afzal, Muhammad Sohail (56009310800) ;Aghaali, Mohammad (38860949800) ;Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku (57194684030) ;Ahmad, Sajjad (57218961022) ;Ahmad, Tauseef (57214283386) ;Ahmadi, Ali (57193998515) ;Ahmadi, Sepideh (58189812000) ;Ahmed Rashid, Tarik (57023479100) ;Ahmed Salih, Yusra (57226834461) ;Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse (56905441600) ;Aklilu, Addis (56450972500) ;Akram, Tayyaba (57208951047) ;Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet (57214884531) ;Al Hamad, Hanadi (56955516200) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500) ;Ali, Saqib (7403094290) ;Alimohamadi, Yousef (56069375900) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Alkhayyat, Motasem (57191475872) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Almasri, Nihad A. (35301840000) ;Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali Ali (36023535700) ;Almustanyir, Sami (57217589155) ;Alonso, Nivaldo (7004026436) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Amu, Hubert (57190183918) ;Anbesu, Etsay Woldu (57219860911) ;Ancuceanu, Robert (35728302200) ;Ansari, Fereshteh (56478531800) ;Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza (57192807651) ;Antwi, Maxwell Hubert (57224904063) ;Anvari, Davood (57201259536) ;Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward (57192947419) ;Aqeel, Muhammad (57192083161) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Arab-Zozani, Morteza (57210284593) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Ariffin, Hany (7004238528) ;Aripov, Timur (35104283700) ;Arshad, Muhammad (25722979300) ;Artaman, Al (57217223811) ;Arulappan, Judie (57224210161) ;Asemi, Zatollah (36738697900) ;Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad (57226675591) ;Ashraf, Tahira (56366752600) ;Atorkey, Prince (57218950488) ;Aujayeb, Avinash (6504403791) ;Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907) ;Awedew, Atalel Fentahun (57216741537) ;Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina (55598298700) ;Ayenew, Temesgen (57202544869) ;Azab, Mohammed A. (57202323253) ;Azadnajafabad, Sina (57219389837) ;Azari Jafari, Amirhossein (56084531100) ;Azarian, Ghasem (57220306214) ;Azzam, Ahmed Y. (57208274797) ;Badiye, Ashish D. (56340201200) ;Bahadory, Saeed (57208205157) ;Baig, Atif Amin (49460999600) ;Baker, Jennifer L. (8705509600) ;Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar (56640778400) ;Banach, Maciej (22936699500) ;Bärnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900) ;Barone-Adesi, Francesco (8722189200) ;Barra, Fabio (57201953956) ;Barrow, Amadou (57217061576) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal (55639511900) ;Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint (55932461200) ;Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint (57209397638) ;Bhagat, Devidas S. (57327243700) ;Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth (56398498300) ;Bhardwaj, Nikha (57221591832) ;Bhardwaj, Pankaj (57226841442) ;Bhaskar, Sonu (57192268582) ;Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266) ;Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S. (55989506600) ;Bibi, Sadia (57524553300) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Biondi, Antonio (57226837403) ;Bisignano, Catherine (57211140934) ;Bjorge, Tone (7004208100) ;Bleyer, Archie (57192109538) ;Blyuss, Oleg (56020531500) ;Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi (57218336464) ;Bolla, Srinivasa Rao (23048516100) ;Braithwaite, Dejana (7006987079) ;Brar, Amanpreet (57675605800) ;Brenner, Hermann (7201832825) ;Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa (6506392089) ;Butt, Nadeem Shafique (7003613681) ;Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739) ;Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano (56373058500) ;Cao, Yin (55270204400) ;Carreras, Giulia (57221176357) ;Catalá-López, Ferrán (57202553733) ;Cembranel, Francieli (55867592900) ;Cerin, Ester (14522064200) ;Cernigliaro, Achille (12787090100) ;Chakinala, Raja Chandra (57190575127) ;Chattu, Soosanna Kumary (57209796729) ;Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500) ;Chaturvedi, Pankaj (35547314900) ;Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel (57217262222) ;Cho, Daniel Youngwhan (57192666710) ;Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533) ;Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300) ;Chung, Michael T. (55551050400) ;Conde, Joao (56992468300) ;Cortés, Sanda (55659922800) ;Cortesi, Paolo Angelo (57200306512) ;Costa, Vera Marisa (17134373000) ;Cunha, Amanda Ramos (57214078354) ;Dadras, Omid (57205721978) ;Dagnew, Amare Belachew (57194785365) ;Dahlawi, Saad M.A. (57189234459) ;Dai, Xiaochen (57221591169) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Darwesh, Aso Mohammad (57199749880) ;das Neves, José (57208073193) ;De la Hoz, Fernando Pio (23134262800) ;Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh (57207453281) ;Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar (25228198700) ;Dhamnetiya, Deepak (56884613200) ;Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane (57201374139) ;Dhimal, Meghnath (54941157300) ;Dianatinasab, Mostafa (57281638900) ;Diaz, Daniel (56644152500) ;Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000) ;Do, Huyen Phuc (57200737094) ;Doaei, Saeid (56016552900) ;Dorostkar, Fariba (57214882995) ;dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter (57197830836) ;Driscoll, Tim Robert (7005928308) ;Ebrahimi, Hedyeh (57195329214) ;Eftekharzadeh, Sahar (57192113055) ;El Tantawi, Maha (57214851491) ;El-Abid, Hassan (59138919700) ;Elbarazi, Iffat (58509635500) ;Elhabashy, Hala Rashad (34869491800) ;Elhadi, Muhammed (57212082248) ;El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. (34869528300) ;Eshrati, Babak (16030619200) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz (56450483600) ;Etemadi, Arash (7004686554) ;Ezzikouri, Sayeh (16836144700) ;Faisaluddin, Mohammed (57204007767) ;Faraon, Emerito Jose A. (57195414019) ;Fares, Jawad (55606854400) ;Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611) ;Feroze, Abdullah Hamid (47161109900) ;Ferrero, Simone (57190137236) ;Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo (57201549628) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Fisher, James L. (7404013876) ;Foroutan, Masoud (58948371300) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Gaal, Peter Andras (55966171600) ;Gad, Mohamed M. (57203749611) ;Gadanya, Muktar A. (25957587400) ;Gallus, Silvano (7005387365) ;Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana (57363275600) ;Getachew Obsa, Abera (57356847100) ;Ghafourifard, Mansour (57193420915) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Ghith, Nermin (55249750100) ;Gholamalizadeh, Maryam (56017715600) ;Gilani, Syed Amir (37008269900) ;Ginindza, Themba G. (24468039800) ;Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T. (57193237477) ;Glasbey, James C. (57195948986) ;Golechha, Mahaveer (36006347600) ;Goleij, Pouya (57217533849) ;Gomez, Ricardo Santiago (7402250311) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Gorini, Giuseppe (56509988200) ;Goudarzi, Houman (55606092000) ;Grosso, Giuseppe (57196998256) ;Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen (57210795029) ;Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro (56818011600) ;Guha, Avirup (56201612900) ;Gunasekera, D. Sanjeeva (6701450084) ;Gupta, Bhawna (56763353100) ;Gupta, Veer Bala (57194978364) ;Gupta, Vivek Kumar (35073936800) ;Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma (57200298415) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Haider, Mohammad Rifat (56660365700) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Halwani, Rabih (15065354400) ;Hamadeh, Randah R. (57202769526) ;Hameed, Sajid (57225330442) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Hanif, Asif (55360052800) ;Haque, Shafiul (35793732800) ;Harlianto, Netanja I. (57218510727) ;Haro, Josep Maria (57215877903) ;Hasaballah, Ahmed I. (56002305300) ;Hassanipour, Soheil (57191513993) ;Hay, Roderick J. (56785229200) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Hayat, Khezar (57219918947) ;Heidari, Golnaz (57218883864) ;Heidari, Mohammad (56494430400) ;Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana (57204618451) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Hezam, Kamal (57199187791) ;Holla, Ramesh (55270371800) ;Hossain, Md Mahbub (57207311791) ;Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain (36028425500) ;Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar (57209828879) ;Hosseini, Mostafa (57204569481) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Hostiuc, Mihaela (51763789200) ;Hostiuc, Sorin (24829099800) ;Househ, Mowafa (8667908000) ;Hsairi, Mohamed (57209033943) ;Huang, Junjie (57199198962) ;Hugo, Fernando N. (13403199800) ;Hussain, Rabia (7103224786) ;Hussein, Nawfal R. (24766000100) ;Hwang, Bing-Fang (7201453928) ;Iavicoli, Ivo (6603685479) ;Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel (57212027408) ;Ida, Fidelia (57218557641) ;Ikuta, Kevin S. (57211541916) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Irena M. (57210823522) ;Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394) ;Irham, Lalu Muhammad (57195464918) ;Islam, Jessica Y. (26032107000) ;Islam, Rakibul M. (57205202128) ;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100) ;Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah (57885381900) ;Isola, Gaetano (25825125500) ;Iwagami, Masao (54381883100) ;Jacob, Louis (56779678900) ;Jain, Vardhmaan (57208149266) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B. (14318929700) ;Javaheri, Tahereh (36102883000) ;Jayaram, Shubha (57221589240) ;Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad (55260694800) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Joo, Tamas (57214777013) ;Joseph, Nitin (35292547200) ;Joukar, Farahnaz (26024213000) ;Jürisson, Mikk (55547524800) ;Kabir, Ali (23050698400) ;Kahrizi, Danial (15725585500) ;Kalankesh, Leila R. (12796418600) ;Kalhor, Rohollah (55670548600) ;Kaliyadan, Feroze (16836323500) ;Kalkonde, Yogeshwar (57211874790) ;Kamath, Ashwin (35724313100) ;Kameran Al-Salihi, Nawzad (24576701300) ;Kandel, Himal (57226834655) ;Kapoor, Neeti (56340726700) ;Karch, André (55917217700) ;Kasa, Ayele Semachew (57203538861) ;Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal (6508254091) ;Kauppila, Joonas H. (37665210400) ;Kavetskyy, Taras (57220358576) ;Kebede, Sewnet Adem (57215661049) ;Keshavarz, Pedram (57209008531) ;Keykhaei, Mohammad (57208162861) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khalilov, Rovshan (57193308858) ;Khan, Gulfaraz (6701635515) ;Khan, Maseer (57215721758) ;Khan, Md Nuruzzaman (57209404949) ;Khan, Moien A.B. (57209800900) ;Khang, Young-Ho (57198904674) ;Khater, Amir M. (57211138055) ;Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295) ;Kim, Gyu Ri (57204396981) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna (6508376962) ;Kopec, Jacek A. (7006284395) ;Koteeswaran, Rajasekaran (56685819200) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi (57196152832) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kucuk Bicer, Burcu (57204528360) ;Kugbey, Nuworza (57195398167) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kumar, Narinder (8215803600) ;Kumar, Nithin (36678889900) ;Kurmi, Om P. (23389886800) ;Kutluk, Tezer (20934856000) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Landires, Iván (15063040000) ;Lauriola, Paolo (7004129174) ;Lee, Sang-Woong (57193130569) ;Lee, Shaun Wen Huey (35201185800) ;Lee, Wei-Chen (57394248700) ;Lee, Yo Han (57193632340) ;Leigh, James (7202089604) ;Leong, Elvynna (56462346200) ;Li, Jiarui (57205664641) ;Li, Ming-Chieh (56144176300) ;Liu, Xuefeng (37050047900) ;Loureiro, Joana A. (55851941412) ;Lunevicius, Raimundas (57216165063) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed (57201191366) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Makki, Alaa (57224607101) ;Male, Shilpa (57404584000) ;Malik, Ahmad Azam (57198682313) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Martini, Santi (57162600900) ;Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra (55769011500) ;Mathur, Prashant (7201845777) ;McKee, Martin (7202304775) ;Mehrotra, Ravi (7203045563) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900) ;Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku (57216203521) ;Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal (57204623773) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Miao Jonasson, Junmei (35875296300) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Miazgowski, Tomasz (6701404689) ;Michalek, Irmina Maria (56982945900) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Mirzaei, Hamed (37034594600) ;Mirzaei, Hamid Reza (57218466685) ;Misra, Sanjeev (35501005200) ;Mithra, Prasanna (36018632500) ;Moghadaszadeh, Masoud (57200791890) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710) ;Mohammadi, Mokhtar (57188972365) ;Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh (57190491827) ;Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah (55602206500) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Moka, Nagabhishek (35764778400) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Molokhia, Mariam (7004121920) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moni, Mohammad Ali (35119094400) ;Moosavi, Mohammad Amin (8677868300) ;Moradi, Yousef (55338348700) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana (57204560697) ;Morrison, Shane Douglas (45661573100) ;Mosapour, Abbas (16425956900) ;Mubarik, Sumaira (57202290474) ;Mwanri, Lillian (6603154148) ;Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074) ;Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad (55540895500) ;Nagata, Chie (50061824800) ;Naimzada, Mukhammad David (57209744761) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Naqvi, Atta Abbas (56501393600) ;Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas (57226829643) ;Ndejjo, Rawlance (56586121600) ;Nduaguba, Sabina O. (57192167101) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Negru, Serban Mircea (6602216697) ;Neupane Kandel, Sandhya (57195980450) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Niazi, Robina Khan (57204666021) ;Nnaji, Chukwudi A. (57204873792) ;Noor, Nurulamin M. (57201949165) ;Nunez-Samudio, Virginia (15063201000) ;Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe (57217058740) ;Oancea, Bogdan (26658614800) ;Ochir, Chimedsuren (37661993800) ;Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade (55356642300) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57217186813) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun (55251697700) ;Omar, Emad (57227106800) ;Omar Bali, Ahmed (57201273344) ;Omonisi, Abidemi E. Emmanuel (36103029000) ;Ong, Sokking (36614524300) ;Onwujekwe, Obinna E. (7003992855) ;Orru, Hans (14621909500) ;Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V. (6505938824) ;Otstavnov, Nikita (57202947262) ;Otstavnov, Stanislav S. (57204561394) ;Owolabi, Mayowa O. (57222581892) ;P A, Mahesh (57195664371) ;Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300) ;Pakshir, Keyvan (15838075900) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Panagiotakos, Demosthenes (7005977027) ;Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra (6603112353) ;Pardhan, Shahina (7003706887) ;Park, Eun-Cheol (57208356854) ;Park, Eun-Kee (57216814178) ;Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh (57219776266) ;Patel, Harsh K. (57199391457) ;Patel, Jenil R. (57192938144) ;Pati, Siddhartha (57405230600) ;Pattanshetty, Sanjay M. (35339480100) ;Paudel, Uttam (56600660600) ;Pereira, David M. (57200690024) ;Pereira, Renato B. (55802371953) ;Perianayagam, Arokiasamy (15053062900) ;Pillay, Julian David (57197803061) ;Pirouzpanah, Saeed (57212676962) ;Pishgar, Farhad (56676403900) ;Podder, Indrashis (56347339700) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Pourjafar, Hadi (54881252100) ;Prashant, Akila (16040597000) ;Preotescu, Liliana (36011288800) ;Rabiee, Mohammad (24587922100) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal (7103113006) ;Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman (34873452800) ;Rafiee, Ata (56912119000) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimzadeh, Shadi (48061460300) ;Rahman, Mosiur (55457953000) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rahmani, Amir Masoud (57204588830) ;Rajai, Nazanin (57203222349) ;Rajesh, Aashish (57193435213) ;Rakovac, Ivo (57201180617) ;Ram, Pradhum (55961669800) ;Ramezanzadeh, Kiana (57200621924) ;Ranabhat, Kamal (56622984700) ;Ranasinghe, Priyanga (6602322079) ;Rao, Chythra R. (35771430100) ;Rao, Sowmya J. (57195423591) ;Rawassizadeh, Reza (36634807900) ;Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh (57203060460) ;Renzaho, Andre M.N. (6505786588) ;Rezaei, Negar (57218820767) ;Rezaei, Nima (57216077273) ;Rezapour, Aziz (55548281300) ;Roberts, Thomas J. (57190111163) ;Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia (22936575000) ;Rohloff, Peter (55533870500) ;Romoli, Michele (56592186200) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Rwegerera, Godfrey M. (56033523400) ;Manjula, S. (57405727400) ;Sabour, Siamak (16307842100) ;Saddik, Basema (23020079300) ;Saeed, Umar (36612315100) ;Sahebkar, Amirhossein (26639699900) ;Sahoo, Harihar (44462008100) ;Salehi, Sana (57209618440) ;Salem, Marwa Rashad (57194137372) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Samaei, Mehrnoosh (57225273791) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Sankararaman, Senthilkumar (57210591338) ;Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Sardiwalla, Yaeesh (57193918094) ;Sarveazad, Arash (54882387000) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Sawhney, Monika (57217153893) ;Saylan, Mete (57217153417) ;Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola (57201292772) ;Sekerija, Mario (30268005400) ;Seylani, Allen (57222325334) ;Shafaat, Omid (55567483500) ;Shaghaghi, Zahra (37100372300) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shamsoddin, Erfan (57208402503) ;Shannawaz, Mohammed (56349680200) ;Sharma, Rajesh (58228412600) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Sheikhbahaei, Sara (57219637352) ;Shetty, Adithi (57315189400) ;Shetty, Jeevan K. (15844347300) ;Shetty, Pavanchand H. (56366875300) ;Shibuya, Kenji (8948057900) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Shivakumar, K.M. (57221603938) ;Shivarov, Velizar (15623607900) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K. (57208838253) ;Silva, Diego Augusto Santos (36985158000) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. 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(8549393000) ;Yousefi, Zabihollah (9743306100) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yuce, Deniz (57514476300) ;Yunusa, Ismaeel (57202137670) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zare, Fariba (57189627158) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zastrozhina, Anasthasia (57210832491) ;Zhang, Jianrong (56966801100) ;Zhong, Chenwen (59289905900) ;Zhou, Linghui (57200969310) ;Zhu, Cong (57215121592) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zimmermann, Ivan R. (55907922000) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Murray, Christopher J.L. (57224556036)Force, Lisa M. (57188548035)IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. © 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2022) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800) ;Compton, Kelly (57205330541) ;Dean, Frances E. (57211949247) ;Fu, Weijia (57218882680) ;Gaw, Brian L. (57405726000) ;Harvey, James D. (57196074369) ;Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline (57219861283) ;Lu, Dan (59057346200) ;Pennini, Alyssa (57210820174) ;Xu, Rixing (57204186670) ;Ababneh, Emad (57210792873) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Elsalam, Sherief M. (57189845325) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abedi, Aidin (56673854800) ;Abidi, Hassan (36769387800) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (57211604149) ;Advani, Shailesh M. 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(8549393000) ;Yousefi, Zabihollah (9743306100) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yuce, Deniz (57514476300) ;Yunusa, Ismaeel (57202137670) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zare, Fariba (57189627158) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zastrozhina, Anasthasia (57210832491) ;Zhang, Jianrong (56966801100) ;Zhong, Chenwen (59289905900) ;Zhou, Linghui (57200969310) ;Zhu, Cong (57215121592) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zimmermann, Ivan R. (55907922000) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Murray, Christopher J.L. (57224556036)Force, Lisa M. (57188548035)IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. © 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Department of Error: Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2020) 395(10239) (1779–1801), (S0140673620301148), (10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30114-8))(2020) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Troeger, Christopher E. (57195223624) ;Earl, Lucas (57190371340) ;Munro, Sandra B. (7004622934) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Getaneh (57202422848) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adham, Davoud (55346682700) ;Adhena, Beyene Meressa (57322512000) ;Afarideh, Mohsen (56227034300) ;Ahmadi, Keivan (59396073300) ;Ahmadi, Mehdi (16644923000) ;Ahmed, Anwar E. (58205901100) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Ahmed, Rushdia (57195530549) ;Ajumobi, Olufemi (14033771400) ;Akal, Chalachew Genet (57205385708) ;Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie (57203189637) ;Akanda, Ali S. (35290419100) ;Alamene, Genet Melak (57211135938) ;Alanzi, Turki M. (55978240000) ;Albright, James R. 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Publication Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2022) ;Cousin, Ewerton (57194620705) ;Duncan, Bruce B. (35476478500) ;Stein, Caroline (57196039610) ;Ong, Kanyin Liane (57210793447) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Abbafati, Cristiana (54917122400) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abdelmasseh, Michael (57356690000) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abd-Rabu, Rami (57214966967) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (57211604149) ;Afzal, Muhammad Sohail (56009310800) ;Agarwal, Gina (57220151944) ;Agrawaal, Krishna K. 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(23969762700) ;Werdecker, Andrea (57208964895) ;Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana (55326938000) ;Winkler, Andrea Sylvia (58323746700) ;Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse (57200671454) ;Xu, Xiaoyue (59560820600) ;Xu, Suowen (35303824800) ;Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh (57207954055) ;Yatsuya, Hiroshi (6603908304) ;Yaya, Sanni (55191139800) ;Yazie, Taklo Simeneh Yazie (57207254034) ;Yi, Siyan (16837551600) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yunusa, Ismaeel (57202137670) ;Zadey, Siddhesh (57188589258) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamanian, Maryam (57201292465) ;Zamora, Nelson (58338303800) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zastrozhina, Anasthasia (57210832491) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Zhong, Chenwen (59289905900) ;Zmaili, Mohammad (57188702157) ;Zumla, Alimuddin (7006170723) ;Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323)Schmidt, Maria Inês (7404398885)Background: Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r2=0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0% (−28·4 to −2·9) for all diabetes, and by 21·0% (–33·0 to −5·9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (−13·6% [–28·4 to 3·4]) and for type 1 diabetes (−13·6% [–29·3 to 8·9]). Interpretation: Decreasing diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years remains an important challenge, especially in low and low-middle SDI countries. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is likely to be major contributor to these early deaths, highlighting the urgent need to provide better access to insulin and basic diabetes education and care. This mortality metric, derived from readily available and frequently updated GBD data, can help to monitor preventable diabetes-related deaths over time globally, aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Targets, and serve as an indicator of the adequacy of basic diabetes care for type 1 and type 2 diabetes across nations. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. 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Publication Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2022) ;Cousin, Ewerton (57194620705) ;Duncan, Bruce B. (35476478500) ;Stein, Caroline (57196039610) ;Ong, Kanyin Liane (57210793447) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Abbafati, Cristiana (54917122400) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abdelmasseh, Michael (57356690000) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abd-Rabu, Rami (57214966967) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (57211604149) ;Afzal, Muhammad Sohail (56009310800) ;Agarwal, Gina (57220151944) ;Agrawaal, Krishna K. (37103625900) ;Agudelo-Botero, Marcela (58888387100) ;Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku (57194684030) ;Ahmad, Sajjad (57218961022) ;Ahmad, Tauseef (57214283386) ;Ahmadi, Keivan (59396073300) ;Ahmadi, Sepideh (58189812000) ;Ahmadi, Ali (57193998515) ;Ahmed, Ali (57201189007) ;Salih, Yusra Ahmed (57407078800) ;Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola (57204532006) ;Akram, Tayyaba (57208951047) ;Al Hamad, Hanadi (56955516200) ;Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500) ;Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth (35749450200) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. 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(23969762700) ;Werdecker, Andrea (57208964895) ;Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana (55326938000) ;Winkler, Andrea Sylvia (58323746700) ;Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse (57200671454) ;Xu, Xiaoyue (59560820600) ;Xu, Suowen (35303824800) ;Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh (57207954055) ;Yatsuya, Hiroshi (6603908304) ;Yaya, Sanni (55191139800) ;Yazie, Taklo Simeneh Yazie (57207254034) ;Yi, Siyan (16837551600) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yunusa, Ismaeel (57202137670) ;Zadey, Siddhesh (57188589258) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamanian, Maryam (57201292465) ;Zamora, Nelson (58338303800) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zastrozhina, Anasthasia (57210832491) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Zhong, Chenwen (59289905900) ;Zmaili, Mohammad (57188702157) ;Zumla, Alimuddin (7006170723) ;Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323)Schmidt, Maria Inês (7404398885)Background: Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r2=0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0% (−28·4 to −2·9) for all diabetes, and by 21·0% (–33·0 to −5·9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (−13·6% [–28·4 to 3·4]) and for type 1 diabetes (−13·6% [–29·3 to 8·9]). Interpretation: Decreasing diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years remains an important challenge, especially in low and low-middle SDI countries. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is likely to be major contributor to these early deaths, highlighting the urgent need to provide better access to insulin and basic diabetes education and care. This mortality metric, derived from readily available and frequently updated GBD data, can help to monitor preventable diabetes-related deaths over time globally, aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Targets, and serve as an indicator of the adequacy of basic diabetes care for type 1 and type 2 diabetes across nations. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. 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Publication Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1923–1994), (S0140673618322256), (10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6))(2019) ;Stanaway, Jeffrey D. (57201210928) ;Afshin, Ashkan (57217465455) ;Gakidou, Emmanuela (57202567277) ;Lim, Stephen S. (7404081544) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abate, Kalkidan Hassen (57207943858) ;Abbafati, Cristiana (54917122400) ;Abbasi, Nooshin (57212442022) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdela, Jemal (57200613000) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Molla (57211131124) ;Abebe, Zegeye (57193002719) ;Abera, Semaw F. (57205180598) ;Abil, Olifan Zewdie (57204558002) ;Abraha, Haftom Niguse (57195289877) ;Abrham, Aklilu Roba (57202704637) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E. (57216675148) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Acharya, Pawan (56435749900) ;Adamu, Abdu A. (57202024381) ;Adane, Akilew Awoke (56993205300) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Ademi, Zanfina (32867460300) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adib, Mina G. (57204560513) ;Admasie, Amha (56609274200) ;Adsuar, Jose C. 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(57202560956) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shamah Levy, Teresa (57215134479) ;Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran (57193608415) ;Shamsi, Mohammadbagher (57204557980) ;Sharafi, Heidar (58400889500) ;Sharafi, Kiomars (57194516056) ;Sharif, Mehdi (16022734200) ;Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi (35108018000) ;Sharifi, Hamid (16643763200) ;Sharma, Jayendra (57195329457) ;Sharma, Meenakshi (58730797800) ;Sharma, Rajesh (58228412600) ;She, Jun (57209122131) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Shi, Peilin (57203064901) ;Shibuya, Kenji (8948057900) ;Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay (57205232012) ;Shigematsu, Mika (23968093000) ;Shin, Min-Jeong (7401536640) ;Shiri, Rahman (57200737050) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Shiue, Ivy (35811219800) ;Shokraneh, Farhad (36146063000) ;Shoman, Haitham (57208324664) ;Shrime, Mark G. (57204703404) ;Shupler, Matthew S. (57191750323) ;Si, Si (56706979500) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Sibai, Abla Mehio (7005466998) ;Siddiqi, Tariq J. (57193718539) ;Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora (57214359118) ;Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig (56006396200) ;Silva, Diego Augusto Santos (36985158000) ;Silva, João Pedro (57204703526) ;Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves (57190284103) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Singh, Narinder Pal (57211864736) ;Singh, Virendra (57191848598) ;Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609) ;Skiadaresi, Eirini (37100428500) ;Skirbekk, Vegard (57202564482) ;Smith, David L. (55574206203) ;Smith, Mari (57195484737) ;Sobaih, Badr Hasan (57202564080) ;Sobhani, Soheila (57193095221) ;Somayaji, Ranjani (6507727557) ;Soofi, Moslem (56373891000) ;Sorensen, Reed J.D. (57196918748) ;Soriano, Joan B. (7101973935) ;Soyiri, Ireneous N. (15052406400) ;Spinelli, Angela (7102473362) ;Sposato, Luciano A. (25640261000) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. (57212263335) ;Srinivasan, Vinay (57196077031) ;Starodubov, Vladimir I. (6701820838) ;Steckling, Nadine (57199195462) ;Stein, Dan J. (55769747595) ;Stein, Murray B. (7402996817) ;Stevanovic, Goran (15059280200) ;Stockfelt, Leo (26022098300) ;Stokes, Mark A. (7102859000) ;Sturua, Lela (37662283900) ;Subart, Michelle L. (57194140438) ;Sudaryanto, Agus (57305372500) ;Sufiyan, Mu’awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Sulo, Gerhard (16242476100) ;Sunguya, Bruno F. (57209060557) ;Sur, Patrick John (57218360398) ;Sykes, Bryan L. (57218362022) ;Szoeke, Cassandra E.I. (6505920990) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tabuchi, Takahiro (55177892400) ;Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar (57207799926) ;Takahashi, Ken (55741242600) ;Tandon, Nikhil (7101833756) ;Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel (57204569108) ;Tavakkoli, Mohammad (57202524239) ;Taveira, Nuno (6602731390) ;Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash (57204006020) ;Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw (57204558037) ;Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey (57204566273) ;Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin (57204237146) ;Temesgen, Habtamu (57205011874) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Temsah, Omar (57204559820) ;Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman (57211144258) ;Tessema, Belay (20735503600) ;Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu (57193667629) ;Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (57202955435) ;Theis, Andrew (57196076787) ;Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish (54407369300) ;Thomas, Hannah J. (55925904000) ;Thomas, Matthew Lloyd (57191835351) ;Thomas, Nihal (7401830494) ;Thurston, George D. (7102270013) ;Tilahun, Binyam (57212075730) ;Tillmann, Taavi (57190211142) ;To, Quyen G. (55827789100) ;Tobollik, Myriam (56549045300) ;Tonelli, Marcello (7103102534) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Torre, Anna E. (57196074351) ;Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel (16242320900) ;Touvier, Mathilde (8877033300) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Towbin, Jeffrey A. (7102520568) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Truelsen, Thomas Clement (57202824565) ;Truong, Nu Thi (57204178907) ;Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel (57204562442) ;Tudor Car, Lorainne (48561867100) ;Tuzcu, E. Murat (7005951350) ;Tymeson, Hayley D. (57194139009) ;Tyrovolas, Stefanos (57207793475) ;Ukwaja, Kingsley N. (57202824584) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Updike, Rachel L. (57204698680) ;Usman, Muhammad Shariq (57203046075) ;Uthman, Olalekan A. (23026328100) ;Vaduganathan, Muthiah (16417973600) ;Vaezi, Afsane (55698015300) ;Valdez, Pascual R. (57202115577) ;Van Donkelaar, Aaron (15926418500) ;Varavikova, Elena (7801408611) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (23096834700) ;Venkateswaran, Vidhya (59829999400) ;Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy (56804702100) ;Villafaina, Santos (57195804127)Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890)Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3–35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14–1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6–62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3–50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39–11·5) deaths and 218 million (198–237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83–7·37] deaths and 182 million [173–193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23–8·23] deaths and 171 million [144–201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99–6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6–202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36–1·51] deaths and 139 million [131–147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3–6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2020) ;Abbafati, Cristiana (54917122400) ;Abbas, Kaja M. (57190285707) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahi, Mohammad (57940559800) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Aboyans, Victor (56214736500) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. (57191479876) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood (26654031000) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adham, Davoud (55346682700) ;Advani, Shailesh M. 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(57224556036)Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51–12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9–21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12–9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6–16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253–350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3–13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0–9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10–24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25–49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50–74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation: Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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(57202424871) ;Vujcic, Isidora S. (55957120100) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wang, Yanzhong (59417336500) ;Wang, Fang (57216134149) ;Wei, Jingkai (56163346700) ;Weintraub, Robert G. (7006079405) ;Weldemariam, Abrha H. (57221587797) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Winkler, Andrea S. (58323746700) ;Wiysonge, Charles S. (6507441509) ;Wolfe, Charles D.A. (57202754705) ;Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse (57200671454) ;Xu, Gelin (57203583113) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Yamagishi, Kazumasa (35231751500) ;Yan, Lijing L. (57198311895) ;Yandrapalli, Srikanth (56512389300) ;Yano, Yuichiro (57196965200) ;Yatsuya, Hiroshi (6603908304) ;Yeheyis, Tomas Y. (57219861340) ;Yeshaw, Yigizie (57197818606) ;Yilgwan, Christopher S. (36057611800) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zachariah, Geevar (55421383400) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zaman, Muhammed S. (57221663045) ;Zamanian, Maryam (57201292465) ;Zand, Ramin (23669868100) ;Zandifar, Alireza (55334814000) ;Zarghi, Afshin (7003559162) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail S. (56728932200) ;Zastrozhina, Anasthasia (57210832491) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhang, Wangjian (57216303139) ;Zhong, Chenwen (59289905900) ;Zou, Zhiyong (35270950600) ;Zuniga, Yves Miel H. (57194979049) ;Murray, Christopher J.L. (57224556036)Fuster, Valentin (7202675508)Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases. © 2020 The Authors - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2018) ;Dicker, Daniel (57196026676) ;Nguyen, Grant (57191591002) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abate, Kalkidan Hassen (57207943858) ;Abay, Solomon M. 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(57204703404) ;Shukla, Sharvari Rahul (55760856000)Si, Si (56706979500)Background: Assessments of age-specifc mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Afairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. Methods: The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specifc mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in diferent components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. Findings: Globally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4-19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2-59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5-49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1-70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7-54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3-75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5-51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9-88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3-238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6-42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2-5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. Interpretation: This analysis of age-sex-specifc mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The fndings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which refects signifcant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing. © 2018 The Author(s). - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2022) ;Sharma, Rajesh (57201970364) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abd-Rabu, Rami (57214966967) ;Abidi, Hassan (36769387800) ;Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800) ;Acuna, Juan Manuel (56473433400) ;Adhikari, Sangeet (57221715345) ;Advani, Shailesh M. (56841222900) ;Afzal, Muhammad Sohail (56009310800) ;Aghaie Meybodi, Mohamad (57188954519) ;Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku (57194684030) ;Ahmad, Sajjad (57218961022) ;Ahmadi, Ali (57193998515) ;Ahmadi, Sepideh (58189812000) ;Ahmed, Haroon (57222316680) ;Ahmed, Luai A. (12792329700) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Al Hamad, Hanadi (56955516200) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour (57213607595) ;Alanzi, Turki M. 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(7404421736) ;Siraj, Md Shahjahan (57216886120) ;Sivandzadeh, Gholam Reza (54380981400) ;Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich (57226830981) ;Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna (57218875198) ;Socea, Bogdan (32267661900) ;Solmi, Marco (6507233742) ;Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh (57189099987) ;Song, Suhang (57194455017) ;Szerencsés, Viktória (57224626460) ;Szócska, Miklós (13410278600) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tabibian, Elnaz (56575191200) ;Taheri, Majid (57196608691) ;Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman (58765370800) ;Taherkhani, Amir (57203973738) ;Talaat, Iman M. (7801465176) ;Tan, Ker-Kan (16745396700) ;Tbakhi, Abdelghani (6602349888) ;Tesfaye, Bekele (57201639826) ;Tiyuri, Amir (57201850751) ;Tollosa, Daniel Nigusse (57197807985) ;Touvier, Mathilde (8877033300) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tusa, Biruk Shalmeno (57216200356) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Ullah, Saif (57219395828) ;Vacante, Marco (23037085900) ;Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel (57356986200) ;Veroux, Massimiliano (7003920425) ;Vo, Bay (35147075900) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Wang, Cong (15924372200) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Woldemariam, Melat (57217034355) ;Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein (26029029100) ;Yang, Lin (57189045362) ;Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh (57189471516) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yuce, Deniz (57514476300) ;Yunusa, Ismaeel (57202137670) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zahir, Mazyar (57226481652) ;Zare, Iman (57224488480) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400)Zoladi, Mohammad (58034355000)Background: Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Given the recent increasing trends in colorectal cancer incidence globally, up-to-date information on the colorectal cancer burden could guide screening, early detection, and treatment strategies, and help effectively allocate resources. We examined the temporal patterns of the global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in 204 countries and territories across the past three decades. Methods: Estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for colorectal cancer were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 by age, sex, and geographical location for the period 1990–2019. Mortality estimates were produced using the cause of death ensemble model. We also calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. Findings: Globally, between 1990 and 2019, colorectal cancer incident cases more than doubled, from 842 098 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 810 408–868 574) to 2·17 million (2·00–2·34), and deaths increased from 518 126 (493 682–537 877) to 1·09 million (1·02–1·15). The global age-standardised incidence rate increased from 22·2 (95% UI 21·3–23·0) per 100 000 to 26·7 (24·6–28·9) per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 14·3 (13·5–14·9) per 100 000 to 13·7 (12·6–14·5) per 100 000 and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 308·5 (294·7–320·7) per 100 000 to 295·5 (275·2–313·0) per 100 000 from 1990 through 2019. Taiwan (province of China; 62·0 [48·9–80·0] per 100 000), Monaco (60·7 [48·5–73·6] per 100 000), and Andorra (56·6 [42·8–71·9] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised incidence rates, while Greenland (31·4 [26·0–37·1] per 100 000), Brunei (30·3 [26·6–34·1] per 100 000), and Hungary (28·6 [23·6–34·0] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised mortality rates. From 1990 through 2019, a substantial rise in incidence rates was observed in younger adults (age <50 years), particularly in high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries. Globally, a diet low in milk (15·6%), smoking (13·3%), a diet low in calcium (12·9%), and alcohol use (9·9%) were the main contributors to colorectal cancer DALYs in 2019. Interpretation: The increase in incidence rates in people younger than 50 years requires vigilance from researchers, clinicians, and policy makers and a possible reconsideration of screening guidelines. The fast-rising burden in low SDI and middle SDI countries in Asia and Africa calls for colorectal cancer prevention approaches, greater awareness, and cost-effective screening and therapeutic options in these regions. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2022) ;Sheena, Brittney S. (57219376405) ;Hiebert, Lindsey (57521254400) ;Han, Hannah (57210111561) ;Ippolito, Helen (57219861518) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab (57441432300) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abubaker Ali, Hiwa (57441328600) ;Adane, Mesafint Molla (57217891132) ;Adegboye, Oyelola A. (55270465600) ;Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (57211604149) ;Advani, Shailesh M. 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(56033523400) ;Sabour, Siamak (16307842100) ;Saddik, Basema (23020079300) ;Saeb, Mohammad Reza (24833454900) ;Saeed, Umar (36612315100) ;Sahebkar, Amirhossein (26639699900) ;Saif-Ur-Rahman, K.M. (55990659300) ;Salahi, Sarvenaz (57091566700) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Sampath, Chethan (53983069100) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (57226829732) ;Sanmarchi, Francesco (57221791070) ;Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Sarveazad, Arash (54882387000) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Sawhney, Monika (57217153893) ;Seidu, Abdul-Aziz (57200383297) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Seylani, Allen (57222325334) ;Shahabi, Saeed (57211581903) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shaker, Elaheh (57216727831) ;Shakhmardanov, Murad Ziyaudinovich (59520959100) ;Shannawaz, Mohammed (56349680200) ;Shenoy, Suchitra M. (57212628470) ;Shetty, Jeevan K. (15844347300) ;Shetty, Pavanchand H. 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(57202115577) ;Varthya, Shoban Babu (56586223000) ;Vo, Bay (35147075900) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Weldesenbet, Adisu Birhanu (57218541204) ;Woldemariam, Melat (57217034355) ;Xu, Suowen (35303824800) ;Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein (26029029100) ;Yaseri, Mehdi (23029507000) ;Yeshaw, Yigizie (57197818606) ;Yiǧit, Vahit (57222328239) ;Yirdaw, Birhanu Wubale (57219148502) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yunusa, Ismaeel (57202137670) ;Zahir, Mazyar (57226481652) ;Zaki, Leila (57204106631) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zamanian, Maryam (57201292465) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Ward, John W. (35385670800)Dirac, M. Ashworth (57193092988)Background: Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. Methods: The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-of-sample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. Findings: In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4·1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·7 to 4·5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31·3% (29·0 to 33·9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76·8% (76·2 to 77·5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 000 global deaths (487 000 to 630 000) in 2019. The number of HBV-related deaths increased between 1990 and 2019 (by 5·9% [–5·6 to 19·2]) and between 2015 and 2019 (by 2·9% [–5·9 to 11·3]). By contrast, all-age and age-standardised death rates due to HBV-related diseases decreased during these periods. We compared estimates for 2019 in 194 WHO locations to WHO-GHSS 2020 targets, and found that four countries achieved a 10% reduction in deaths, 15 countries achieved a 30% reduction in new cases, and 147 countries achieved a 1% prevalence in children younger than 5 years. As of 2019, 68 of 194 countries had already achieved the 2030 target proposed in WHO Interim Guidance of an all-age HBV-related death rate of four per 100 000. Interpretation: The prevalence of chronic HBV infection declined over time, particularly in children younger than 5 years, since the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination. HBV-related death rates also decreased, but HBV-related death counts increased as a result of population growth, ageing, and cohort effects. By 2019, many countries had met the interim seroprevalence target for children younger than 5 years, but few countries had met the WHO-GHSS interim targets for deaths and new cases. Progress according to all indicators must be accelerated to meet 2030 targets, and there are marked disparities in burden and progress across the world. HBV interventions, such as vaccination, testing, and treatment, must be strategically supported and scaled up to achieve elimination. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2016 a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study global burden of disease cancer collaboration(2018) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Akinyemiju, Tomi F. (57202561503) ;Al Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Alam, Tahiya (57205589820) ;Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza (36024974700) ;Allen, Christine (57200170678) ;Alsharif, Ubai (57211633255) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Amini, Erfan (35073393800) ;Anderson, Benjamin O. (22937050900) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Artaman, Al (57217223811) ;Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal (57203681037) ;Assadi, Reza (57203677411) ;Atey, Tesfay Me Hari (57209784978) ;Avila-Burgos, Leticia (8530790100) ;Awasthi, Ashish (58420926700) ;Saleem, Huda Omerba (57211004875) ;Barac, Aleksandra (55550748700) ;Bennett, James R. (59110116800) ;Bensenor, Isabela M. (7004830338) ;Bhakta, Nickhill (55503867200) ;Brenner, Hermann (7201832825) ;Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero (57207890731) ;Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700) ;Catalá-López, Ferrán (57202553733) ;Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine (57209706428) ;Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas (57209863533) ;Chung, Sheng-Chia (56008137900) ;Curado, Maria Paula (6603824212) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Das Neves, José (57208073193) ;Dey, Subhojit (25958052600) ;Dharmaratne, Samath D. (57216324802) ;Doku, David Teye (36015210300) ;Driscoll, Tim R. (7005928308) ;Dubey, Manisha (57219898654) ;Ebrahimi, Hedyeh (57195329214) ;Edessa, Dumessa (56922334200) ;El-Khatib, Ziad (54908919000) ;Endries, Aman Yesuf (57216324852) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Force, Lisa M. (57188548035) ;Foreman, Kyle J. (57209064414) ;Gebrehiwot, Solomon Weldemariam (57194550425) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Grosso, Giuseppe (57196998256) ;Gupta, Rahul (57204120071) ;Gyawali, Bishal (56237046200) ;Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi (57202769526) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Harvey, James (57196074369) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Hay, Roderick J. (56785229200) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Heibati, Behzad (55341086000) ;Hiluf, Molla Kahssay (57201396270) ;Horita, Nobuyuki (57217110823) ;Hosgood, H. Dean (56353204400) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka S. (54782692800) ;Innos, Kaire (57217314902) ;Islami, Farhad (56926442900) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B. (14318929700) ;Johnson, Sarah Charlotte (57207904886) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale (58686045600) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Gulfaraz (6701635515) ;Khang, Young-Ho (57198904674) ;Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein (56524167000) ;Khubchandani, Jagdish (57211720011) ;Kopec, Jacek A. (7006284395) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kutz, Michael (57195617315) ;Lad, Deepesh Pravinkumar (55371865400) ;Lafranconi, Alessandra (55767061200) ;Lan, Qing (23970641100) ;Legesse, Yirga (57202220147) ;Leigh, James (7202089604) ;Linn, Shai (7102590173) ;Lunevicius, Raimundas (57216165063) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760) ;Malta, Deborah Carvalho (15835283500) ;Mantovani, Lorenzo G. (7006357517) ;McMahon, Brian J. (56713188900) ;Meier, Toni (36678887300) ;Melaku, Yohannes Adama (57203122720) ;Melku, Mulugeta (56032188500) ;Memiah, Peter (57217207827) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57202554188) ;Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane (57222113213) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Moosazadeh, Mahmood (35771326500) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam (56165159700) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nong, Vuong Minh (55507077200) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57200737136) ;Olagunju, Andrew Toyin (26029995700) ;Mahesh, P.A. (57202421244) ;Park, Eun-Kee (57216814178) ;Patel, Tejas (57207871841) ;Pereira, David M. (57200690024) ;Pishgar, Farhad (56676403900) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Pourmalek, Farshad (8309390500) ;Qorbani, Mostafa (24831040300) ;Rafay, Anwar (57212263323) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Safiri, Saeid (56009654100) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Sanabria, Juan Ramon (7006262917) ;Milicevic, Milena M. Santric (57209748201) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Shackelford, Katya Anne (57202959163) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi (35108018000) ;She, Jun (57209122131) ;Shin, Min-Jeong (7401536640) ;Shiue, Ivy (35811219800) ;Shrime, Mark G. (57204703404) ;Sinke, Abiy Hiruye (57195329519) ;Sisay, Mekonnen (57193254700) ;Sligar, Amber (57190284582) ;Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Sykes, Bryan L. (57211183396) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tessema, Gizachew Assefa (57196316304) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Tran, Tung Thanh (57199423355) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna (57202824584) ;Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich (57211633239) ;Vollset, Stein Emil (57196315778) ;Weiderpass, Elisabete (57205018947) ;Williams, Hywel C. (23500447000) ;Yimer, Nigus Bililign (57216264444) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Murray, Christopher J. L. (55481130700)Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323)IMPORTANCE: The increasing burden due tocancer and other noncommunicable diseases poses a threat to human development, which has resulted in global political commitments reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals as well as the World Health Organization (WHO) GlobalAction Plan on Non-Communicable Diseases. To determine if these commitments have resulted in improved cancer control, quantitative assessments of the cancer burden are required. OBJECTIVE: To assess the burden for 29 cancer groups over time to provide a framework for policy discussion, resource allocation, and research focus. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were evaluated for 195 countries and territories by age and sex using the Global Burden of Disease study estimation methods. Levels and trends were analyzed over time, as well as by the Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Changes in incident cases were categorized by changes due to epidemiological vs demographic transition. FINDINGS: In 2016, there were 17.2 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.9 million deaths. Cancer cases increased by 28% between 2006 and 2016. The smallestincrease was seen in high SDI countries. Globally, population aging contributed 17%; population growth, 12%; and changes in age-specific rates, -1% to this change. The most common incident cancer globally for men was prostate cancer (1.4 million cases). The leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs was tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (1.2 million deaths and 25.4 million DALYs). For women, the most common incident cancer and the leading cause ofcancer deaths and DALYs was breast cancer (1.7 million incident cases, 535 000 deaths, and 14.9 million DALYs). In 2016, cancer caused 213.2 million DALYs globally for both sexes combined. Between 2006 and 2016, the average annual age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 130 of 195 countries or territories, and the average annual age-standardized death rates decreased within that timeframe in 143 of 195 countries or territories. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Large disparities exist between countries in cancer incidence, deaths, and associated disability. Scaling up cancer prevention and ensuring universal access to cancer care are required for health equity and to fulfill the global commitments for noncommunicable disease and cancer control. © 2018 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2016 a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study global burden of disease cancer collaboration(2018) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Akinyemiju, Tomi F. (57202561503) ;Al Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Alam, Tahiya (57205589820) ;Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza (36024974700) ;Allen, Christine (57200170678) ;Alsharif, Ubai (57211633255) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Amini, Erfan (35073393800) ;Anderson, Benjamin O. (22937050900) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Artaman, Al (57217223811) ;Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal (57203681037) ;Assadi, Reza (57203677411) ;Atey, Tesfay Me Hari (57209784978) ;Avila-Burgos, Leticia (8530790100) ;Awasthi, Ashish (58420926700) ;Saleem, Huda Omerba (57211004875) ;Barac, Aleksandra (55550748700) ;Bennett, James R. (59110116800) ;Bensenor, Isabela M. (7004830338) ;Bhakta, Nickhill (55503867200) ;Brenner, Hermann (7201832825) ;Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero (57207890731) ;Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700) ;Catalá-López, Ferrán (57202553733) ;Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine (57209706428) ;Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas (57209863533) ;Chung, Sheng-Chia (56008137900) ;Curado, Maria Paula (6603824212) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Das Neves, José (57208073193) ;Dey, Subhojit (25958052600) ;Dharmaratne, Samath D. (57216324802) ;Doku, David Teye (36015210300) ;Driscoll, Tim R. (7005928308) ;Dubey, Manisha (57219898654) ;Ebrahimi, Hedyeh (57195329214) ;Edessa, Dumessa (56922334200) ;El-Khatib, Ziad (54908919000) ;Endries, Aman Yesuf (57216324852) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Force, Lisa M. (57188548035) ;Foreman, Kyle J. (57209064414) ;Gebrehiwot, Solomon Weldemariam (57194550425) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Grosso, Giuseppe (57196998256) ;Gupta, Rahul (57204120071) ;Gyawali, Bishal (56237046200) ;Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi (57202769526) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Harvey, James (57196074369) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Hay, Roderick J. (56785229200) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Heibati, Behzad (55341086000) ;Hiluf, Molla Kahssay (57201396270) ;Horita, Nobuyuki (57217110823) ;Hosgood, H. Dean (56353204400) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka S. (54782692800) ;Innos, Kaire (57217314902) ;Islami, Farhad (56926442900) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B. (14318929700) ;Johnson, Sarah Charlotte (57207904886) ;Jonas, Jost B. 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Santric (57209748201) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Shackelford, Katya Anne (57202959163) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi (35108018000) ;She, Jun (57209122131) ;Shin, Min-Jeong (7401536640) ;Shiue, Ivy (35811219800) ;Shrime, Mark G. (57204703404) ;Sinke, Abiy Hiruye (57195329519) ;Sisay, Mekonnen (57193254700) ;Sligar, Amber (57190284582) ;Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Sykes, Bryan L. (57211183396) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tessema, Gizachew Assefa (57196316304) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Tran, Tung Thanh (57199423355) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna (57202824584) ;Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich (57211633239) ;Vollset, Stein Emil (57196315778) ;Weiderpass, Elisabete (57205018947) ;Williams, Hywel C. (23500447000) ;Yimer, Nigus Bililign (57216264444) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Murray, Christopher J. L. (55481130700)Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323)IMPORTANCE: The increasing burden due tocancer and other noncommunicable diseases poses a threat to human development, which has resulted in global political commitments reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals as well as the World Health Organization (WHO) GlobalAction Plan on Non-Communicable Diseases. To determine if these commitments have resulted in improved cancer control, quantitative assessments of the cancer burden are required. OBJECTIVE: To assess the burden for 29 cancer groups over time to provide a framework for policy discussion, resource allocation, and research focus. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were evaluated for 195 countries and territories by age and sex using the Global Burden of Disease study estimation methods. Levels and trends were analyzed over time, as well as by the Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Changes in incident cases were categorized by changes due to epidemiological vs demographic transition. FINDINGS: In 2016, there were 17.2 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.9 million deaths. Cancer cases increased by 28% between 2006 and 2016. The smallestincrease was seen in high SDI countries. Globally, population aging contributed 17%; population growth, 12%; and changes in age-specific rates, -1% to this change. The most common incident cancer globally for men was prostate cancer (1.4 million cases). The leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs was tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (1.2 million deaths and 25.4 million DALYs). For women, the most common incident cancer and the leading cause ofcancer deaths and DALYs was breast cancer (1.7 million incident cases, 535 000 deaths, and 14.9 million DALYs). In 2016, cancer caused 213.2 million DALYs globally for both sexes combined. Between 2006 and 2016, the average annual age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 130 of 195 countries or territories, and the average annual age-standardized death rates decreased within that timeframe in 143 of 195 countries or territories. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Large disparities exist between countries in cancer incidence, deaths, and associated disability. Scaling up cancer prevention and ensuring universal access to cancer care are required for health equity and to fulfill the global commitments for noncommunicable disease and cancer control. © 2018 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study(2019) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (56120364000) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abbasi, Naghmeh (57217836539) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdel-Rahman, Omar (55777635800) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulle, Abdishakur S. M. (6603592018) ;Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje (57192680787) ;Abraha, Haftom Niguse (57195289877) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Advani, Shailesh M. 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(8549393000) ;Yousefi, Bahman (55661388000) ;Yousefifard, Mahmoud (57204566585) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Zabeh, Erfan (56964347100) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Moghadam, Telma Zahirian (57201718494) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zangeneh, Alireza (56071697900) ;Zaki, Leila (57204106631) ;Zendehdel, Kazem (23483051200) ;Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew (57200737185) ;Zewale, Taye Abuhay (57209219258) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080)Murray, Christopher J. L. (55481130700)Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study(2019) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (56120364000) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abbasi, Naghmeh (57217836539) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdel-Rahman, Omar (55777635800) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulle, Abdishakur S. M. (6603592018) ;Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje (57192680787) ;Abraha, Haftom Niguse (57195289877) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Advani, Shailesh M. 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(8549393000) ;Yousefi, Bahman (55661388000) ;Yousefifard, Mahmoud (57204566585) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Zabeh, Erfan (56964347100) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Moghadam, Telma Zahirian (57201718494) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zangeneh, Alireza (56071697900) ;Zaki, Leila (57204106631) ;Zendehdel, Kazem (23483051200) ;Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew (57200737185) ;Zewale, Taye Abuhay (57209219258) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080)Murray, Christopher J. L. (55481130700)Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2018) ;Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe (57217040073) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abate, Kalkidan Hassen (57207943858) ;Abay, Solomon M. (35306466900) ;Abbafati, Cristiana (54917122400) ;Abbasi, Nooshin (57212442022) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdela, Jemal (57200613000) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Molla (57211131124) ;Abebe, Zegeye (57193002719) ;Abil, Olifan Zewdie (57204558002) ;Aboyans, Victor (56214736500) ;Abrham, Aklilu Roba (57202704637) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E. 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(55481130700)Background: How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted lifeyears (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severityof ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years. Methods We used data for age-speci?c mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Sociodemographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males. Findings Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 7·1-7·8), from 65·6 years (65·3-65·8) in 1990 to 73·0 years (72·7-73·3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5·1 years (5·0-5·3) in high SDI countries to 12·0 years (11·3-12·8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26·3% (20·1-33·1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11·7% (8·8-15·1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased by 6·3 years (5·9-6·7), from 57·0 years (54·6-59·1) in 1990 to 63·3 years (60·5-65·7) in 2017. The increase varied from 3·8 years (3·4-4·1) in high SDI countries to 10·5 years (9·8-11·2) in low SDI countries. Even larger variations in HALE than these were observed between countries, ranging from 1·0 year (0·4-1·7) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (62·4 years [59·9-64·7] in 1990 to 63·5 years [60·9-65·8] in 2017) to 23·7 years (21·9-25·6) in Eritrea (30·7 years [28·9-32·2] in 1990 to 54·4 years [51·5-57·1] in 2017). In most countries, the increase in HALE was smaller than the increase in overall life expectancy, indicating more years lived in poor health. In 180 of 195 countries and territories, females were expected to live longer than males in 2017, with extra years lived varying from 1·4 years (0·6-2·3) in Algeria to 11·9 years (10·9-12·9) in Ukraine. Of the extra years gained, the proportion spent in poor health varied largely across countries, with less than 20% of additional years spent in poor health in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, and Slovakia, whereas in Bahrain all the extra years were spent in poor health. In 2017, the highest estimate of HALE at birth was in Singapore for both females (75·8 years [72·4-78·7]) and males (72·6 years [69·8-75·0]) and the lowest estimates were in Central African Republic (47·0 years [43·7-50·2] for females and 42·8 years [40·1-45·6] for males). Globally, in 2017, the ?ve leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 41·3% (38·8-43·5) for communicable diseases and by 49·8% (47·9-51·6) for neonatal disorders. For non-communicable diseases, global DALYs increased by 40·1% (36·8-43·0), although age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 18·1% (16·0-20·2). Interpretation With increasing life expectancy in most countries, the question of whether the additional years of life gained are spent in good health or poor health has been increasingly relevant because of the potential policy implications, such as health-care provisions and extending retirement ages. In some locations, a large proportion of those additional years are spent in poor health. Large inequalities in HALE and disease burden exist across countries in different SDI quintiles and between sexes. The burden of disabling conditions has serious implications for health system planning and health-related expenditures. Despite the progress made in reducing the burden of communicable diseases and neonatal disorders in low SDI countries, the speed of this progress could be increased by scaling up proven interventions. The global trends among non-communicable diseases indicate that more effort is needed to maximise HALE, such as risk prevention and attention to upstream determinants of health. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2021) ;Ward, Joseph L. 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;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (57200592416) ;Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy (56804702100) ;Villeneuve, Paul J (7102602822) ;Violante, Francesco S (7003555890) ;Vlassov, Vasily (57211633239) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Vu, Giang Thu (57202424871) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wamai, Richard G (23969762700) ;Wang, Yafeng (57208674780) ;Wang, Yanzhong (59417336500) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana (55326938000) ;Wu, Ai-Min (57203702647) ;Wu, Chenkai (57188764904) ;Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh (57207954055) ;Yamagishi, Kazumasa (35231751500) ;Yano, Yuichiro (57196965200) ;Yaya, Sanni (55191139800) ;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid (56017415700) ;Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew (57214888505) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yoon, Seok-Jun (24823148900) ;Younis, Mustafa Z (8549393000) ;Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh (57039201000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yu, Yong (55628587954) ;Yuce, Deniz (57514476300) ;Zaidi, Syed Saoud (57218882927) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zamanian, Maryam (57201292465) ;Zarafshan, Hadi (55674863400) ;Zarei, Ahmad (59534566400) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Zhao, Xiu-Ju George (8360350900) ;Zhu, Cong (57215121592) ;Patton, George C (7102184358)Viner, Russell M (7005899067)Background: Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10–24 years with that in children aged 0–9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10–24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). Findings: In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39–1·59) worldwide in people aged 10–24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm. Since 1950, deaths in this age group decreased by 30·0% in females and 15·3% in males, and sex-based differences in mortality rate have widened in most regions of the world. Geographical variation has also increased, particularly in people aged 10–14 years. Since 1980, communicable and maternal causes of death have decreased sharply as a proportion of total deaths in most GBD super-regions, but remain some of the most common causes in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, where more than half of all adolescent deaths occur. Annual percentage decrease in all-cause mortality rate since 1990 in adolescents aged 15–19 years was 1·3% in males and 1·6% in females, almost half that of males aged 1–4 years (2·4%), and around a third less than in females aged 1–4 years (2·5%). The proportion of global deaths in people aged 0–24 years that occurred in people aged 10–24 years more than doubled between 1950 and 2019, from 9·5% to 21·6%. Interpretation: Variation in adolescent mortality between countries and by sex is widening, driven by poor progress in reducing deaths in males and older adolescents. Improving global adolescent mortality will require action to address the specific vulnerabilities of this age group, which are being overlooked. Furthermore, indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to jeopardise efforts to improve health outcomes including mortality in young people aged 10–24 years. There is an urgent need to respond to the changing global burden of adolescent mortality, address inequities where they occur, and improve the availability and quality of primary mortality data in this age group. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2021) ;Paulson, Katherine R. (57203437789) ;Kamath, Aruna M. (57204215390) ;Alam, Tahiya (57205589820) ;Bienhoff, Kelly (57201959866) ;Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat (57200315798) ;Abbas, Jaffar (57217776454) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abd-Elsalam, Sherief M. (57189845325) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abedi, Aidin (56673854800) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800) ;Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E. (57216675148) ;Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. (57191479876) ;Adamu, Aishatu L. (57193426164) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel (57209216298) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. 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(57224556036) ;Wang, Haidong (16507828100)Kassebaum, Nicholas J. (57202562224)Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods: We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings: Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3–74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2–41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8–29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3–19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030, 154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9·65 million (95% UI 9·05–10·30) in 2000 and 5·05 million (4·27–6·02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3·76 million [95% UI 3·53–4·02]) in 2000 to 48% (2·42 million; 2·06–2·86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0·80 (95% UI 0·71–0·86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1·44 (95% UI 1·27–1·58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1·87 million (95% UI 1·35–2·58; 37% [95% UI 32–43]) of 5·05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation: Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve U5MR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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(55693710800) ;Dubljanin, Eleonora (55957442600) ;Duraes, Andre Rodrigues (30867558600) ;Edinur, Hisham Atan (57287676500) ;Effiong, Andem (57213158150) ;Eftekhari, Aziz (56829076800) ;El Nahas, Nevine (57479225600) ;El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa (57203666922) ;El Tantawi, Maha (57214851491) ;Elhabashy, Hala Rashad (34869491800) ;El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. (34869528300) ;El-Khatib, Ziad (54908919000) ;Elkout, Hajer (36102315300) ;Elsharkawy, Aisha (55683285000) ;Enany, Shymaa (23972375400) ;Endalew, Daniel Adane (57211158603) ;Eshrati, Babak (16030619200) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Etemadi, Arash (7004686554) ;Ezekannagha, Oluchi (57192130654) ;Faraon, Emerito Jose A. (57195414019) ;Fareed, Mohammad (24491815600) ;Faro, Andre (36770969600) ;Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611) ;Fasil, Alebachew (57204011210) ;Fazlzadeh, Mehdi (55199878200) ;Feigin, Valery L. (57203677957) ;Fekadu, Wubalem (56955761700) ;Fentahun, Netsanet (56394665400) ;Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad (57202557520) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Flohr, Carsten (57203088709) ;Foigt, Nataliya A. (57216998893) ;Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin (56725310700) ;Foroutan, Masoud (58948371300) ;Franklin, Richard Charles (7201428429) ;Frostad, Joseph Jon (57222306717) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Gad, Mohamed M. (57203749611) ;Garcia, Gregory M. (57203975068) ;Gatotoh, Augustine Mwangi (57218551940) ;Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye (57225049499) ;Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork (57200529247) ;Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea (57204563310) ;Gesesew, Hailay Abrha (56412148300) ;Gezae, Kebede Embaye (57204561611) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Sherbaf, Farzaneh Ghazi (57195630891) ;Gill, Tiffany K. (8545441900) ;Gill, Paramjit Singh (7202766660) ;Ginindza, Themba G. (24468039800) ;Girmay, Alem (59792305600) ;Gizaw, Zemichael (6507324514) ;Goodridge, Amador (55801980200) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Goulart, Alessandra C. (57201181348) ;Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia (55958854600) ;Grada, Ayman (55797741000) ;Green, Manfred S. (7406234940) ;Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen (57210795029) ;Gugnani, Harish Chander (7005567008) ;Guido, Davide (56314778600) ;Guimarães, Rafael Alves (56534712800) ;Guo, Yuming (55712472800) ;Gupta, Rahul (57204120071) ;Gupta, Rajeev (55705295300) ;Ha, Giang Hai (57202970834) ;Haagsma, Juanita A. (57202571125) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Haile, Dessalegn H. (57210826570) ;Haile, Michael Tamene (57204564050) ;Hall, Brian J. (57218302519) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes (57201501075) ;Haririan, Hamidreza (36157009700) ;Hariyani, Ninuk (57190349243) ;Hasaballah, Ahmed I. (56002305300) ;Hasan, Md Mehedi (57213529757) ;Hasanzadeh, Amir (57193162243) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Hayelom, Desta Haftu (57216638000) ;Hegazy, Mohamed I. (35110336200) ;Heibati, Behzad (55341086000) ;Heidari, Behnam (6603217356) ;Hendrie, Delia (6602071966) ;Henok, Andualem (57196451824) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Heydarpour, Fatemeh (57192381690) ;de Hidru, Hagos Degefa (57216634249) ;Hird, Thomas R. (57191433938) ;Hoang, Chi Linh (57205123375) ;Hollerich, Gillian I. (57211311881) ;Hoogar, Praveen (57204240256) ;Hossain, Naznin (57195380270) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Househ, Mowafa (8667908000) ;Hu, Guoqing (57218106596) ;Humayun, Ayesha (25226911300) ;Hussain, Syed Ather (56910575300) ;Hussen, Mamusha Aman A. (57221268448) ;Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel (57212027408) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394) ;Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan (55913164400) ;Iqbal, Usman (55572166900) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100) ;Ivers, Rebecca Q. (55149105300) ;Iwu, Chinwe Juliana (56904084900) ;Jahanmehr, Nader (57203122718) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (14318929700) ;Jalali, Amir (23469738000) ;Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra (57204797176) ;Jenabi, Ensiyeh (15755615100) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jha, Vivekanand (7005119423) ;Ji, John S. (58562329500) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy (21833993700) ;Kabir, Ali (23050698400) ;Kabir, Zubair (57207901718) ;Kanchan, Tanuj (35237157900) ;Karch, André (55917217700) ;Karki, Surendra (55329873800) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie (57209913312) ;Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe (57194854983) ;Kassa, Getachew Mullu (56229895500) ;Kassa, Gebrehiwot G. (57218201847) ;Kayode, Gbenga A. (53463867400) ;Kebede, Mihiretu M. (56781219700) ;Keiyoro, Peter Njenga (57203177260) ;Ketema, Daniel Bekele (57207259667) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif (55608324700) ;Khalid, Nauman (57204561542) ;Khalilov, Rovshan (57193308858) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Junaid (57203436148) ;Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Nuruzzaman (57209404949) ;Khatab, Khaled (27267685100) ;Khater, Mona M. (57203308114) ;Khater, Amir M. (57211138055) ;Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295) ;Khazaei, Mohammad (57204562878) ;Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein (56524167000) ;Khubchandani, Jagdish (57211720011) ;Kiadaliri, Ali (57199100665) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kimokoti, Ruth W. (8647554600) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kochhar, Sonali (57214107714) ;Kolola, Tufa (57191620788) ;Komaki, Hamidreza (56712484800) ;Kosen, Soewarta (57211346192) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Krishan, Kewal (57202279708) ;Defo, Barthelemy Kuate (6602271655) ;Kugbey, Nuworza (57195398167) ;Kumar, Pushpendra (57208849920) ;Anil Kumar, G. (57139550500) ;Kumar, Manasi (21739940700) ;Kusuma, Dian (57190047530) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Lacey, Ben (7004338442) ;Lal, Aparna (55163011100) ;Lal, Dharmesh Kumar (57222488984) ;Lam, Hilton (35484312600) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Lansingh, Van Charles (57209471470) ;Lasrado, Savita (36632480900) ;Lebedev, Georgy (57204560431) ;Lee, Paul H. (57200302692) ;LeGrand, Kate E. (57216789066) ;Leili, Mostafa (57204565987) ;Lenjebo, Tsegaye Lolaso (57212018109) ;Leshargie, Cheru Tesema (57195295462) ;Levine, Aubrey J. (57189577844) ;Lewycka, Sonia (57212496031) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Linn, Shai (7102590173) ;Liu, Shiwei (57209574351) ;Lopez, Jaifred Christian F. (57204721325) ;Lopukhov, Platon D. (57191340780) ;El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd (57216629996) ;Mahadeshwara Prasad, D.R. (57220181627) ;Mahasha, Phetole Walter (28767805500) ;Mahotra, Narayan B. (55924241300) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760) ;Malta, Deborah Carvalho (15835283500) ;Mamun, Abdullah A. (55666602500) ;Manafi, Navid (57190424904) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Mapoma, Chabila Christopher (57208956832) ;Martinez, Gabriel (57208099155) ;Martini, Santi (57162600900) ;Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio (57204796807) ;Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300) ;Mayala, Benjamin K. (23980407900) ;Mazidi, Mohsen (57200232563) ;McAlinden, Colm (35325278500) ;Meharie, Birhanu Geta (57217083932) ;Mehndiratta, Man Mohan (57202557864) ;Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi (56062744400) ;Mehta, Kala M. (7201939418) ;Mekonnen, Teferi (57215662987) ;Mekonnen, Tefera Chane (57193872649) ;Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael (57211140536) ;Meles, Hagazi Gebre (57204559084) ;Memiah, Peter T. N. (57217207827) ;Memish, Ziad A. (7005059350) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900) ;Mereta, Seid Tiku (57203628211) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57219008708) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Metekiya, Workua Mekonnen (57196454928) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Mini, G.K. (12800865800) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57216202888) ;Moazen, Babak (57204324006) ;Mohajer, Bahram (57039225300) ;Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710) ;Mohammad, Dara K. (43161421200) ;Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi (57552959000) ;Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh (57192074472) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mohammed, Jemal Abdu (57211142589) ;Mohammed, Hassen (57204791939) ;Mohebi, Farnam (55633844600) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Moodley, Yoshan (57210652387) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradi, Masoud (56506570100) ;Moradi-Joo, Mohammad (56367798400) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Morales, Linda (57356958400) ;Mosapour, Abbas (16425956900) ;Mosser, Jonathan F. (56111776300) ;Mouodi, Simin (55372646500) ;Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam (56165159700) ;Mozaffor, Miliva (57202792134) ;Munro, Sandra B. (7004622934) ;Muriithi, Moses K. (55824830500) ;Murray, Christopher J. L. (57224556036) ;Musa, Kamarul Imran (57194536466) ;Mustafa, Ghulam (57190395960) ;Muthupandian, Saravanan (54585668500) ;Naderi, Mehdi (57202026927) ;Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074) ;Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323) ;Naik, Gurudatta (56020694000) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Nascimento, Bruno Ramos (14424406800) ;Nazari, Javad (57207759174) ;Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith (36612016600) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Netsere, Henok Biresaw (57218199940) ;Ngunjiri, Josephine W. (57195296110) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Nguyen, Quynhanh P. (57211556351) ;Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu (57202799602) ;Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini (57195329470) ;Nnaji, Chukwudi A. (57204873792) ;Nojomi, Marzieh (22941666400) ;Norheim, Ole F. (7004082597) ;Noubiap, Jean Jacques (55490374000) ;Oancea, Bogdan (26658614800) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57217186813) ;Oh, In-Hwan (57204090669) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola (57218504682) ;Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun (57222488860) ;Onwujekwe, Obinna E. (7003992855) ;Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V. (6505938824) ;Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo (57211311925) ;Osei, Frank B. (24829542600) ;Owolabi, Mayowa O. (57222581892) ;Mahesh, P.A. (57202421244) ;Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300) ;Pakhale, Smita (57220937499) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Park, Eun-Kee (57216814178) ;Patel, Sangram Kishor (58176445200) ;Pathak, Ashish (57220708099) ;Patle, Ajay (57203309187) ;Paulos, Kebreab (57212022022) ;Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino (57216890866) ;Perico, Norberto (56481931200) ;Pervaiz, Aslam (57202521714) ;Pescarini, Julia Moreira (57193612611) ;Pesudovs, Konrad (7004576721) ;Pham, Hai Quang (57217078995) ;Pigott, David M. (55320335600) ;Pilgrim, Thomas (23670489400) ;Pirsaheb, Meghdad (25645282200) ;Poljak, Mario (59832420400) ;Pollock, Ian (57219571880) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Pourmalek, Farshad (8309390500) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Prada, Sergio I. (55259772200) ;Preotescu, Liliana (36011288800) ;Quintana, Hedley (56835362100) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Rabiee, Mohammad (24587922100) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimi, Siavash (59277909000) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa (6507646446) ;Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur (57208867497) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rajati, Fatemeh (54780507400) ;Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal (56719695500) ;Rao, Puja C. (57191835613) ;Rasella, Davide (36184697300) ;Rath, Goura Kishor (35444818200) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Rawal, Lal (37262106500) ;Rawasia, Wasiq Faraz (24822831100) ;Remuzzi, Giuseppe (56466188600) ;Renjith, Vishnu (56468022200) ;Renzaho, Andre M. N. (6505786588) ;Resnikoff, Serge (7006012071) ;Riahi, Seyed Mohammad (57193205976) ;Ribeiro, Ana Isabel (36860251200) ;Rickard, Jennifer (56581573500) ;Roever, Leonardo (56641632800) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Rubagotti, Enrico (57208389589) ;Rubino, Salvatore (55240504800) ;Saad, Anas M. (57143724900) ;Sabour, Siamak (16307842100) ;Sadeghi, Ehsan (37010381500) ;Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi (56071020000) ;Safari, Yahya (55700424100) ;Sagar, Rajesh (26643103100) ;Sahraian, Mohammad Ali (55886074600) ;Mohammad Sajadi, S. (22136195900) ;Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza (55580011800) ;Salam, Nasir (23992664500) ;Saleem, Ahsan (57218544656) ;Salem, Marwa Rashad (57194137372) ;Salem, Hosni (16246117500) ;Salimi, Yahya (54421017000) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Santos, Itamar S. (57198312911) ;Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao (57202052980) ;Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer (57211312277) ;Sarrafzadegan, Nizal (6701751316) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu (54407369300) ;Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691) ;Sawhney, Monika (57217153893) ;Sayyah, Mehdi (10540414200) ;Sbarra, Alyssa N. (57200546253) ;Schaeffer, Lauren E. (57208868098) ;Schwebel, David C. (6603681532) ;Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta (57212584644) ;Senthilkumaran, Subramanian (36191387000) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Serván-Mori, Edson (57202594826) ;Shafieesabet, Azadeh (56964338900) ;Shaheen, Amira A. (57202560956) ;Shahid, Izza (57207033505) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shalash, Ali S. (36521728200) ;Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran (57193608415) ;Shamsi, Mohammadbagher (57204557980) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Shannawaz, Mohammed (56349680200) ;Sharafi, Kiomars (57194516056) ;Sharma, Rajesh (58228412600) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar (7102818010) ;Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw (57214329180) ;Shigematsu, Mika (23968093000) ;Shin, Jae Il (57964880100) ;Shiri, Rahman (57200737050) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Shivakumar, K.M. (57221603938) ;Si, Si (56706979500) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Siddiqi, Tariq Jamal (57193718539) ;Silva, Diego Augusto Santos (36985158000) ;Singh, Balbir Bagicha (16680213100) ;Singh, Ambrish (57214875932) ;Singh, Virendra (57191848598) ;Singh, Narinder Pal (57211864736) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609) ;Sisay, Malede Mequanent (57211322781) ;Skiadaresi, Eirini (37100428500) ;Smith, David L. (55574206203) ;Filho, Adauto Martins Soares (49961178500) ;Sobhiyeh, Mohammad Reza (35280718200) ;Sokhan, Anton (57201637884) ;Soriano, Joan B. (7101973935) ;Sorrie, Muluken Bekele (57195303874) ;Soyiri, Ireneous N. (15052406400) ;Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth (57218543838) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. (57212263335) ;Sudaryanto, Agus (57305372500) ;Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul (55496122500) ;Sykes, Bryan L. (57218362022) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tabuchi, Takahiro (55177892400) ;Tadesse, Degena Bahrey (57213597502) ;Tarigan, Ingan Ukur (54080771800) ;Taye, Bineyam (57210469900) ;Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin (57209732307) ;Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash (57204006020) ;Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey (57204566273) ;Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin (57204237146) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Tesfay, Fisaha Haile (57203977293) ;Tesfay, Berhe Etsay (57211142477) ;Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse (57211312128) ;Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (57202955435) ;Thekkepurakkal, Akhil Soman (56524492000) ;Thomas, Nihal (7401830494) ;Thompson, Robert L. (59050229100) ;Thomson, Alan J. (57969994200) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Traini, Eugenio (57211137081) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran (12790012100) ;Usman, Muhammad Shariq (57203046075) ;Uthman, Olalekan A. (23026328100) ;Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi (57211633289) ;Valdez, Pascual R. (57202115577) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Veisani, Yousef (55370882600) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vollmer, Sebastian (24460878700) ;Whawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel (57220760447) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wallin, Mitchell Taylor (57201573668) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Wang, Yafeng (57208674780) ;Wangdi, Kinley (36469592800) ;Weiss, Daniel J. (8609275600) ;Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay (57211811032) ;Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew (57195675398) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wiangkham, Taweewat (56829456300) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Wijeratne, Tissa (14051317700) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wolde, Haileab Fekadu (57199530258) ;Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu (57207771936) ;Wonde, Tewodros Eshete (57207759070) ;Worku, Getasew Taddesse (57218197319) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh (57207954055) ;Yamada, Tomohide (37662679800) ;Yaseri, Mehdi (23029507000) ;Yatsuya, Hiroshi (6603908304) ;Yeshaneh, Alex (57204564144) ;Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu (57212019529) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A. (56183368000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zadey, Siddhesh (57188589258) ;Moghadam, Telma Zahirian (57201718494) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zar, Heather J. (7006236599) ;Zerfu, Taddese Alemu (55358278900) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080) ;Zuniga, Yves Miel H. (57194979049) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088)Background: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. Findings: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4–40·7) to 50·3% (50·0–50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1–46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5–29·0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253 000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88·6% (95% UI 87·2–89·7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664–711) of the 1830 (1797–1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76·1% (95% UI 71·6–80·7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53·9% (50·6–59·6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017. Interpretation: Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2020) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Troeger, Christopher E. (57195223624) ;Earl, Lucas (57190371340) ;Munro, Sandra B. (7004622934) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Getaneh (57202422848) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. 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(57202115577) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Veisani, Yousef (55370882600) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vollmer, Sebastian (24460878700) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Wada, Fiseha Wadilo (57194049305) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wang, Yafeng (57208674780) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay (57211811032) ;Welgan, Catherine A. (57188448200) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wiangkham, Taweewat (56829456300) ;Wijeratne, Tissa (14051317700) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wolde, Haileab Fekadu (57199530258) ;Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu (57207771936) ;Wonde, Tewodros Eshete (57207759070) ;Wu, Ai-Min (57203702647) ;Xu, Gelin (57203583113) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein (26029029100) ;Yamada, Tomohide (37662679800) ;Yaseri, Mehdi (23029507000) ;Yenesew, Muluken Azage (39361108000) ;Yeshaneh, Alex (57204564144) ;Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu (57212019529) ;Yimer, Ebrahim M. (57204849530) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn (49664327400) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A. (56183368000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos (57193255530) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw (57193096860) ;Zepro, Nejimu Biza (57193095335) ;Zewale, Taye Abuhay (57209219258) ;Zhang, Dongyu (57216327764) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhao, Xiu-Ju (8360350900) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080)Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. Findings The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. Interpretation By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
