Browsing by Author "Radunović, Nebojša (7003538030)"

Endometriosis is characterized by endometrial tissue found outside of the uterus (primarily in the pelvic cavity), causing chronic inflammatory reaction, infertility, and pain. The impact of endometriosis on different aspects of women’s life is important, including family and social life, work, and reproduction. The usual way of examining endometriosis is history taking, recognition of typical symptoms, clinical examination, and the use of imaging techniques, but the diagnosis is made by histopathology findings, usually after laparoscopy. The aim is to represent current recommendations and guidelines referring to endometriosis diagnostics and therapy, proposed by two major societies dealing with reproductive medicine: European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) and American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). The recommendations refer primarily to the therapeutic modalities in infertility and pain problems caused by endometriosis, and represent the basis of appropriate strategy for overcoming numerous problems linked with this chronic illness. © 2017, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

Background and Objectives: Pilocarpine is used in experimental studies for testing antiepileptic drugs, but further characterization of this model is essential for its usage in testing novel drugs. The aim of our study was to study the behavioral and EEG characteristics of acute seizures caused by different doses of pilocarpine in rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of 100 mg/kg (P100), 200 mg/kg (P200), or 300 mg/kg (P300) of pilocarpine, and epileptiform behavior and EEG changes followed within 4 h. Results: The intensity and the duration of seizures were significantly higher in P300 vs. the P200 and P100 groups, with status epilepticus dominating in P300 and self-limiting tonic–clonic seizures in the P200 group. The seizure grade was significantly higher in P200 vs. the P100 group only during the first hour after pilocarpine application. The latency of seizures was significantly shorter in P300 and P200 compared with P100 group. Conclusions: Pilocarpine (200 mg/kg) can be used as a suitable model for the initial screening of potential anti-seizure medications, while at a dose of 300 mg/kg, it can be used for study of the mechanisms of epileptogenesis. © 2024 by the authors.

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most prevalent genital pathogens in pregnant women. Ascending, transcervical infection may reach fetal membranes creating chonoamnionitis or amniotic fluid infection. The aim of this study was to examine amniotic fluids obtained during cesarean section for the presence of chlamydial IgM- and IgG-specific antibodies, and for the presence of C. trachomatis antigen. Five of 52 (9.6%) amniotic fluid samples were sero-positive for C. trachomatis IgM antibody, while only 1 was IgG antibody sero-positive. Two of 52 (3.8%) amniotic fluid samples had C. trachomatis antigen in the epithelial cells of the amnion. In conclusion, our data indicate that there is a high rate of transmission of C. trachomatis from mother to infant and that the pathogen can be identified in the amniotic fluid. © 1996 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Aim: We aimed to determine maternal hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and pregestational body mass index (BMI) as the predictors of glycemic control and its importance for fetal echography findings and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Our intention was to evaluate how BMI and HbA1c levels might be used to predict fetal interventricular septum (IVS) thickness, atrioventricular inflow early diastole (E)/ atrial systole (A) velocity ratio, and perinatal outcomes. Patients in the 38th gestational week were divided into three groups according to their insulin therapy: (i) patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treated only with dietary changes (GDM group, n = 32); (ii) patients with GDM treated with insulin therapy (DM2 group, n = 27); and (iii) patients with type 1 DM (DM1 group, n = 22). Results: In the DM1 group, we found statistically significant correlations between BMI and IVS thickness (P = 0.036), HbA1c and IVS thickness, as well as the mitral E/A velocity ratio (P = 0.013 vs P = 0.007). In this group, HbA1c showed a statistically significant correlation to neonatal birth weight (P = 0.037) and BMI influenced on appearance respiratory distress syndrome in neonates in DM1 group (P = 0.027). The values of HbA1c predict neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in DM2 and GDM groups (P = 0.036). Conclusion: As good predictors of maternal glycoregulation, BMI and HbA1c levels determine fetal echography findings as well as neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by DM. © 2017 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology

The term “poor respond (POR) patients” is used for the group of women who respond badly to usual doses of gonadotropins in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments; the consequence is low pregnancy rate. A consensus was reached on the minimal criteria needed to define POR. At least two of the following three features must be present: 1. advanced maternal age (40 years or more) 2. previous POR (3 or less oocytes with a conventional stimulation protocol) 3. abnormal ovarian reserve (AMH 0.5–1.1 ng/ml or AFC 5–7). The aim is to find better therapeutic options for these patients. Increased levels of day 3 follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2), as well as decreased levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC), can be used to assess ovarian reserve, as indirect predictive tests. A larger number of well designed, large scale, randomized, controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy of different management strategies for poor responders: flare up gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocols, modified long GnRH agonist mini-dose protocols, luteal initiation GnRH agonist stop protocol, pretreatment with estradiol – GnRH antagonist in luteal phase, natural cycle aspiration or natural cycle aspiration GnRH antagonist controlled, adjuvant therapy with growth hormone or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The results of up to now used protocols are unsatisfactory and stimulation of the ovulation in poor responders remains a challenge, especially when bearing in mind that in the majority of cases the patients will be menopausal in relatively short period of time. © 2015, Serbia Medical Society.

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women’s reproductive period of life. The presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD, one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease in the Western world, is increased in women with PCOS. This review aims to present current knowledge in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and treatment of NAFLD in PCOS with an emphasis on the molecular basis of development of NAFLD in PCOS women. Methods: Authors investigated the available data on PCOS and NAFLD by a MEDLINE and Pub Med search during the years 1990–2021 using a combination of keywords such as “PCOS”, “NAFLD”, “steatohepatitis”, “insulin resistance”, “hyperandrogenaemia”, “inflammation”, “adipose tissue”, and “obesity”. Peer-reviewed articles regarding NAFLD and PCOS were included in this manuscript. Additional articles were identified from the references of relevant papers. Results: PCOS and NAFLD are multifactorial diseases, The development of NAFLD in PCOS women is linked to insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction, and inflammation. There is the possible role of the gut microbiome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endo-cannabinoid system in the maintenance of NAFLD in PCOS women. Conclusions: There is a need for further investigation about the mechanism of the development of NAFLD in PCOS women. New data about the molecular basis of development of NAFLD in PCOS integrated with epidemiological and clinical information could influence the evolution of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of NAFLD in PCOS. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women’s reproductive period of life. The presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD, one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease in the Western world, is increased in women with PCOS. This review aims to present current knowledge in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and treatment of NAFLD in PCOS with an emphasis on the molecular basis of development of NAFLD in PCOS women. Methods: Authors investigated the available data on PCOS and NAFLD by a MEDLINE and Pub Med search during the years 1990–2021 using a combination of keywords such as “PCOS”, “NAFLD”, “steatohepatitis”, “insulin resistance”, “hyperandrogenaemia”, “inflammation”, “adipose tissue”, and “obesity”. Peer-reviewed articles regarding NAFLD and PCOS were included in this manuscript. Additional articles were identified from the references of relevant papers. Results: PCOS and NAFLD are multifactorial diseases, The development of NAFLD in PCOS women is linked to insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction, and inflammation. There is the possible role of the gut microbiome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endo-cannabinoid system in the maintenance of NAFLD in PCOS women. Conclusions: There is a need for further investigation about the mechanism of the development of NAFLD in PCOS women. New data about the molecular basis of development of NAFLD in PCOS integrated with epidemiological and clinical information could influence the evolution of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of NAFLD in PCOS. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.