Browsing by Author "Pavlović, Dragan (57202824440)"

Introduction. Isolated cataplexy, without the presence of narcolepsy, is a relatively rare condition, and can be regarded as attacks of motor inhibition with loss of muscle tone and areflexia. The diagnosis of cataplexy relies on the clinical presentation and medical history and it is rarely confirmed by video-polygraph. We here described a female patient treated for prolactinoma who developed isolated cataplexy. Case report. A 53-year-old female treated with bromocriptine for a macroprolactinoma presented with sudden episodes of weakness and toneless legs leading to falls and injuries on several occasions. Cardiovascular evaluation was completely normal. Psychiatric evaluation showed no psychotic phenomenology or suicidal ideas. Pituitary imaging showed empty sella with a remnant sellar mass with infraand parasellar extension. Neurological examination revealed mild obstructive sleep hypopnea/apnea. Electroencephalographic monitoring during sleep and awakening did not show appearance of epi potentials. HLA haplotyping was positive for HLADR3,16;DR51;DQ1 allele, confirming a diagnosis of isolated cataplexy. Treatment included tricyclic antidepressants and reduction of bromocriptine dosage with resolution of cataplexy. Conclusion. We reported the first case of isolated cataplexy most probably associated with dopamine agonist treatment for prolactinoma. © 2017, Institut za Vojnomedicinske Naucne Informacije/Documentaciju. All rights reserved.

Introduction It has been assumed that there is causality of the achieved level of functional independence with the degree of preservation of cognitive function in stroke patients. Demographic characteristics may be important for monitoring the achieved level of functional independence. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of demographic characteristics and functional independence in regard to the level of cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Methods The study included 50 stroke patients after rehabilitation, as well as age- and gender-matched 50 subjects selected randomly, according to the demographic characteristics of the studied sample, who in their medical history had no neurological disorders. For the assessment of functional independence, the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) test was used. The general cognition was estimated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test. The statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney test, for two independent samples, measures of canonical correlation, and χ2 test. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in relation to risk factors, hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II (p<0.001); There was a statistically significant difference within the groups in relation to the cognitive impairment in all the examined demographic characteristics (p<0.001); the differences within the groups in relation to the cognitive impairment are present on all subscales of the FIM test (p<0.05); the differences within the groups in relation to handedness, hemiparesis, show that mild cognitive impairment is more common among left hemiparesis, while a more severe one is more common among right-sided hemiparesis (p<0.05); More severe cognitive impairment is common among women, the elderly and in persons with lower education (p<0.05). Conclusion By prevention of risk factors, and prevention of possible cognitive impairment, consequences of stroke can be reduced, the recovery can be made more successful, and quality of life can be improved. © 2016, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

Objectives: The aim of the article is to determine the relationship between homocysteine in the plasma, vitamin D (VitD) in the serum and cognitive abilities in persons with mild intellectual disability (ID) in different age groups. Methods: In a cross-sectional, observational study including younger and older participants with mild ID, a cognitive assessment was performed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and blood samples were taken to assess plasma homocysteine and serum VitD levels. Results: A total of 60 persons with mild ID were included in the study, of whom 30 were aged 9–16 and 30 were aged 35–62 years old. Increased plasma homocysteine values were detected in 85% of cases and reduced serum VitD levels in 90% of cases. Older participants had significantly higher homocysteine values than younger ones (t(58) = −4.19; p = 0.00; d = 1.082), while younger participants had significantly more pronounced VitD deficiency than older ones (t(58) = −3.91; p = 0.00; d = 1.011). A significant correlation between cognition and VitD values was found in older participants (r = −0.424, p = 0.020). Conclusions: A substantial proportion of individuals with ID, both children and adults, have increased total homocysteine (tHcy) plasma levels and insufficient VitD serum, but the clinical significance of these findings remains to be determined. Homocysteine and VitD have not been found to have a protective effect on cognition among persons with mild ID. © 2024 The British Society of Developmental Disabilities.

Objectives: The aim of the article is to determine the relationship between homocysteine in the plasma, vitamin D (VitD) in the serum and cognitive abilities in persons with mild intellectual disability (ID) in different age groups. Methods: In a cross-sectional, observational study including younger and older participants with mild ID, a cognitive assessment was performed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and blood samples were taken to assess plasma homocysteine and serum VitD levels. Results: A total of 60 persons with mild ID were included in the study, of whom 30 were aged 9–16 and 30 were aged 35–62 years old. Increased plasma homocysteine values were detected in 85% of cases and reduced serum VitD levels in 90% of cases. Older participants had significantly higher homocysteine values than younger ones (t(58) = −4.19; p = 0.00; d = 1.082), while younger participants had significantly more pronounced VitD deficiency than older ones (t(58) = −3.91; p = 0.00; d = 1.011). A significant correlation between cognition and VitD values was found in older participants (r = −0.424, p = 0.020). Conclusions: A substantial proportion of individuals with ID, both children and adults, have increased total homocysteine (tHcy) plasma levels and insufficient VitD serum, but the clinical significance of these findings remains to be determined. Homocysteine and VitD have not been found to have a protective effect on cognition among persons with mild ID. © 2024 The British Society of Developmental Disabilities.