Browsing by Author "Nikolić, Valentina (57197313838)"

Objective: There is a low incidence of the medullary infarctions and sparse data about the vascular territories, as well as a correlation among the anatomic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurologic signs. Materials and methods: Arteries of the 10 right and left sides of the brain stem were injected with India ink, fixed in formalin and microdissected. The enrolled 34 patients with medullary infarctions underwent a neurologic, MRI and Doppler examination. Results: Four types of the infarctions were distinguished according to the involved vascular territories. The isolated medial medullary infarctions (MMIs) were present in 14.7%. The complete MMIs comprised one bilateral infarction (2.9%), whilst the incomplete and partial MMIs were observed in 5.9% and 8.9%, respectively. The anterolateral infarctions (ALMIs) were very rare (2.9%). The complete and incomplete lateral infarctions (LMIs), noted in 35.3%, comprised 11.8% and 23.6%, respectively, that is, the anterior (5.9%), posterior (8.9%), deep (2.9%), and peripheral (5.9%). Dorsal ischemic lesions (DMIs) occurred in 11.8%, either as a complete (2.9%), or isolated lateral (5.9%) or medial infarctions (2.9%). The remaining ischemic regions belonged to various combined infarctions of the MMI, ALMI, LMI and DMI (35.3%). The infarctions most often affected the upper medulla (47.1%), middle (11.8%), or both (29.5%). Several motor and sensory signs were manifested following infarctions, including vestibular, cerebellar, ocular, sympathetic, respiratory and auditory symptoms. Conclusions: There was a good correlation among the vascular territories, MRI ischemia features, and neurologic findings regarding the medullary infarctions. © 2022 The Author(s)

The study was conducted on 50 cadavers (32 male and 18 female, aged 15-53 years; mean 34; SD 11) with intact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), without diagnosed gonarthrosis of the knee joint. The following anatomical parameters of the ACL were measured: the length of anteromedial and posterolateral bundle, the mean length and the width of the ligament, the length and width of tibial insertion, the length and width of femoral insertion. The intercondylar width was measured at the level of popliteal groove. The width of male intercondylar notch (22 mm) was statistically significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the width of female intercondylar notch (18 mm). The width of the male ACL (12 mm) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the width of the female ACL (10 mm). The length of the male ACL femoral insertion (14 mm) was statistically significantly greater (P < 0.05) than in the female ACL femoral insertion (12 mm). Accordingly, with greater width of intercondylar notch, men have wider ACL than women. ACL width is in positive correlation with the male intercondylar notch width but it is not in correlation with the female intercondylar notch width. The width of male intercondylar notch correlates with the length and width of ACL femoral insertion. Taking into account the length and width of femoral insertion in examined cadaver knees, double bundle reconstruction would theoretically be possible in 76% of cases. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.

The aim of our study was to examine all types of decapitation from forensic literature, including our own case, and to analyze the presentation of beheading in fine art, popular literature, and music. To do this, over 200 scientific articles in regard to decapitation were analyzed, as well as more than 10,000 artworks, and several hundreds of literary works and music pieces. In addition, a macroscopic examination of a decapitated victim was performed. Finally, a multislice computerized tomography (MSCT) examination of the cervical spine in two live volunteers was undertaken to present the osteological relationships. The forensic and criminal investigation revealed that a female victim was murdered by her jealous husband by applying several strikes with an axe, which resulted in an incomplete decapitation. All the main neck structures were transected, including the cervical spine, except a smaller part of the skin and soft tissue in the nuchal region. The mentioned MSCT examination in both the neutral position and flexion showed that the mandible can also be injured in a higher cervical location of the severance line. Various types of beheading were mentioned, including a homicidal, suicidal, accidental, judicial, internal, pathophysiological, and foetal ones. The status of consciousness and emotions in individuals just before and after decapitation was discussed. Finally, it was found that decapitation was the subject of many artists, and some writers and musicians. In conclusion, we presented a rare case of a homicide beheading performed with an axe. In addition, forensic importance of decapitation was discussed, as well as its great medical, social, anthropological, and artistic significance. © 2017

Purpose: It has been demonstrated that the semitendinosus tendon can regenerate after being harvested in its whole length and thickness for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Ultrasound studies and guided biopsies of the regenerated tendon have shown compatibility and resembling features of the normal tendon. The question is if this neo-tendon is biologically and functionally adequate for re-use? Methods: Two randomised groups of 150 volunteers were followed up for two years after harvesting the semitendinosus only (25) or the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons (25) in ACL reconstruction. The patients were followed up with clinical and ultrasound examinations, biopsies and histological tests. Surgical exploration was done in three patients for macroscopic verification. The injected arteries of four lower limbs were dissected and the tendon's arterial supplies were examined. Results: Seventy-two percent of the cases showed regeneration of the semitendinosus tendons. The neotendons were inserted mostly below the knee joint (83.3 %) where they had fused with the gracilis tendon, and above the joint (60 %) when the gracilis was harvested as well. The isokinetic strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps was not significantly diminished on the operated side. A macroscopic and histological analysis of the regenerated tendons demonstrates close resemblance to normal anatomy, with focal areas of fibrosis. In one patient the regenerated tendon was used for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. Conclusion: The semitendinosus muscle can recover and the tendon has great potential to regenerate after harvesting for ACL reconstruction. Our data suggest that the regenerated tendons could be used for iterative ligament reconstruction. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

intercondylar notch of femur present one of the substantial risk factors for rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). In morphometric studies of the knee the most often referred indexes are notch width index and notch shape index. The aim of this study was to identificate the morphometric parameters of the intercondylar notch as risk factors for ACL rupture. Methods. This study included 99 patients divided into two groups: the study group (n = 57) composed of patients with chronic instability of the knee because of previos rupture of the ACL, and the control group (n = 42) composed of patients with lesion of the knee, but without rupture of the ACL. Measuring the width and height of intercondylar notch and epicondylar width was observed on a horizontal MR section. According to these values notch width and notch shape indexes were calculated. Results. The study group had statistically significantly higher (p < 0.05) intercondylar notch and lesser notch shape index than the control group (p < 0.05). The difference was highly statistically significant (p < 0.01) only in males, but not in females (p > 0.05). Absolute dimensions of the morphometric parameters of the distal part of the femur had highly statatistically significant larger values (p < 0.01) in males than females, exept in case of the intercondilar height in the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Enhanced height of the intercondylar notch as well as lesser value of the notch shape index are associated with rupture of the ACL in males but not in females.

The position of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the anatomical factors that lead to its injury. We evaluated 66 patients divided in two groups: 33 patients in the examined group with a diagnosed ACL lesion, and 33 patients in the control group with diagnosed patellofemoral pain. The patients were matched by age, sex, type of lesion (whether it was profession related) and whether the lesion was left or right sided. Measurements were carried out by radiography and MRI. The following positions of angles were measured: the angle of ACL in sagittal and frontal plane, the angle of the inner side of lateral condyle in frontal and horizontal plane and the angle between the course of ACL and the inner side of lateral condyle. In our study there is a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the degree of the ACL angles in the frontal plane between the examined group (74.5°) and the control group (70.6°). Also, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the degree of the ACL angle in the sagittal plane between the examined group (48°) and the control (50.4°). The angle between the inner side of the lateral condyle of the femur and the ACL of the examined group (32.9°) differs significantly (P < 0.01) from the same angle of the control group (40.6°). According to the results of our study it appears that the increment of the ACL angle in the frontal plane, the decrement of the ACL angle in the sagittal plane and the decrement of the angle between the ACL and the inner side of the lateral condyle in the frontal plane are associated with the rupture of the ACL. © Springer-Verlag 2009.

The aim of this study was to investigate the morphometry of branching patterns of the main trunk of the left coronary artery (MT of LCA) in nonhuman primates, and comment on the current nomenclature. The biometric study was performed using stereomicroscopic dissection of hearts of healthy and fertile nonhuman primates (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) of both sexes. Our results reveal that the MT of LCA terminates in a bifurcation into the anterior interventricular branch (AIB) and the circumflex branch (CB) (74.6%), trifurcation into the AIB, CB, and diagonal branch (DB) (23.6%), or occasionally quadrifurcation into the AIB, CB, and two DBs (1.8%). This is similar to the case in humans. Furthermore, two morphological aspects of the DB spatial distribution, in addition to its branching pattern, resemble the DB in humans. Myocardial bridges observed over the DB in the Cercopithecus aethiops heart further contribute to the similarity with humans. The resemblance of the DB and its branches to their human counterparts make them a suitable model for experimental study on coronary circulation. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The aim of this study was to investigate the morphometry of branching patterns of the main trunk of the left coronary artery (MT of LCA) in nonhuman primates, and comment on the current nomenclature. The biometric study was performed using stereomicroscopic dissection of hearts of healthy and fertile nonhuman primates (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) of both sexes. Our results reveal that the MT of LCA terminates in a bifurcation into the anterior interventricular branch (AIB) and the circumflex branch (CB) (74.6%), trifurcation into the AIB, CB, and diagonal branch (DB) (23.6%), or occasionally quadrifurcation into the AIB, CB, and two DBs (1.8%). This is similar to the case in humans. Furthermore, two morphological aspects of the DB spatial distribution, in addition to its branching pattern, resemble the DB in humans. Myocardial bridges observed over the DB in the Cercopithecus aethiops heart further contribute to the similarity with humans. The resemblance of the DB and its branches to their human counterparts make them a suitable model for experimental study on coronary circulation. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.