Browsing by Author "Mijović, Biljana (52464159400)"

Background: As the only non-European Union (EU) country, Serbia participated in a second point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial use (AMU) organized by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in the EU countries. Here, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of HAI and AMU in patients who had recently undergone a surgery and to compare risk profile, HAI rates, and AMU among surgical patients and non-surgical patients. Methods: A national PPS was performed in 65 Serbian acute-care hospitals, in November 2017. In this paper, the data of 61 hospitals for adult acute-care were analyzed. To ensure the comparability of study design we used the Serbian translation of ECDC case definitions and ECDC PPS protocol. The trained infection control staff, led by a hospital coordinator, reviewed medical records to identify HAI active at the time of the survey and AMU. Only inpatients admitted to the ward before 8 a.m. on the day if the survey were included. Results: A total of 12,478 patients from 61 hospitals for adult acute-care were eligible for inclusion in this study. Significantly higher proportions of surgical patients were female, belonged to the 60-to-79 age group, and were less severely ill. Also, extrinsic factors (invasive devices, hospitalization at the ICU, and prior antibiotics therapy) were more frequent in surgical patients. Prevalence of HAIs was higher among surgical patients (261/3626; 7.2%) than among non-surgical patients (258/8852; 2.9%) (p < 0.0001). The highest prevalence of all HAIs was noted in patients who had kidney transplantation (4/11; 36.4%), while SSIs were the most prevalent among patients who had peripheral vascular bypass surgery (3/15; 20.0%). Non-surgical patients received treatment for community-acquired infections in significantly higher proportion (2664/8852; 64.3) (p < 0.001). Surgical prophylaxis for more than 1 day was applied in 71.4% of surgical patients. Conclusion: We have provided an insight into the burden of HAIs and AMU among Serbia acute-care hospitals, and highlighted several priority areas and targets for quality improvement. © 2021, The Author(s).

Background: Undernutrition disorder is a prevalent comorbidity (up to 25%) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients which significantly compromises their health. We aimed to assess the association between single nucleotide poly-morphysms (SNPs) adiponectin (ADIPOQ) +276 (G/T) and resistin (RETN)-420 (C/G) with the risk of developing T2D and undernutrition in patients with T2D. Methods: The research was conducted as prospective case-control study among 106 patients with T2D and 106 healthy control individuals in the territory of the Bosnia and Herzegovina from Sep 1st 2022 to May 1st 2023. For assessing the nutritional status, the mini nutritional assessment (MNA) was used. DNA analysis was carried out by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) method. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, t-test for independent samples and binary multivariate logistic regression. Results: The research included 212 subjects of which 124 (58.5%) were male. The mean age of the subjects was 68.48±4,67 yr. Almost 20% of subjects were undernourished, significantly more T2D patients when compared to controls (33% vs. 6.6%; P<0.001). ADIPOQ +276 GT genotype was identified as significant predictor of T2D (OR: 3.454; 95% CI: 1.400-8.521; P=0.007) and undernutrition disorder (OR: 3.453; 95% CI: 1.331-8.961; P=0.011) in T2D population, while the presence of RETN-420 CG genotype had protective effect against occur-rence of T2D (OR: 0.353; 95% CI: 0.144-0.867; P=0.023). However, RETN genotypes were not associated with undernutrition disorder. Conclusion: ADIPOQ +276 gene polymorphism represent a significant predictor for development of T2D and undernutrition disorder in T2D population, while RETN-420 gene polymorphism was identified as a significant factor associated with a reduced risk for T2D, but was not associated with undernutrition. © 2025 Vuković et al.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate independent risk factors (RFs) connected with healthcare-associated (HA) Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in surgical patients, its frequency per surgical wards and in-hospital-mortality at a single hospital. Methods: Risk factors for the infection were prospectively assessed among surgical patients with laboratory confirmed HA CDI and compared with a control group without HA CDI. Results: The overall incidence rate of HA CDI was 2.6 per 10000 patient-days. Significant independent RFs for HA CDI were the use of carbapenems (P = 0.007, OR: 10.62, 95% CI: 1.93-58.4), the admission to intensive care unit (P = 0.004, OR:3.00, 95% CI:1.41-6.40), and the administration of 3rd generation cephalosporins (P = 0.014, OR:2.27, 95% CI:1.18-4.39). Patients with HA CDI had significantly higher in-hospital mortality compared to controls (P: 0.007; OR: 8.95; 95% CI: 1.84-43.43). Conclusions: CDI is an important HA infection in population of surgical patients and this study emphasizes the importance of the wise use of antibiotics, and other infection control strategies in order to prevent HA CDI, and to decrease the incidence and in-hospital mortality rate. © 2017 The Author(s).