Browsing by Author "Mijajlović, M. (55404306300)"

Headache is a common symptom of cerebrovascular disorders. The most common patterns of headache for different cerebrovascular diseases, etiology and pathogenesis are reviewed with emphasis on distinguishing features of headache. Cerebrovascular disorders that have been reviewed are: stroke, transitory ischemic attack, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, unruptured vascular malformations, cervical vascular disorders, intracranial arterial dissection, cerebral venous thrombosis, pituitary apoplexy, giant cell arteritis, primary and secondary angiitis of the central nervous system, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, cerebral endovascular procedures, headache attributed to angiography, and genetic related vasculopathy. Although vast majority of patients with headache will have a benign etiology, treating physicians need to make accurate diagnosis and confirm or rule out serious or even life threatening conditions of which some are cerebrovascular disorders. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

Headache is a common symptom of cerebrovascular disorders. The most common patterns of headache for different cerebrovascular diseases, etiology and pathogenesis are reviewed with emphasis on distinguishing features of headache. Cerebrovascular disorders that have been reviewed are: stroke, transitory ischemic attack, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, unruptured vascular malformations, cervical vascular disorders, intracranial arterial dissection, cerebral venous thrombosis, pituitary apoplexy, giant cell arteritis, primary and secondary angiitis of the central nervous system, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, cerebral endovascular procedures, headache attributed to angiography, and genetic related vasculopathy. Although vast majority of patients with headache will have a benign etiology, treating physicians need to make accurate diagnosis and confirm or rule out serious or even life threatening conditions of which some are cerebrovascular disorders. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

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The inter-hemispheric symmetry of electroencephalographic (EEG) post-movement beta-event-related synchronization (PMBS) after movements on a drawing board was studied in eight acute stroke subjects with mild hemiparesis and eight normal subjects. A follow-up testing was conducted 3 months after the initial recordings with a twofold purpose: (1) to validate the reproducibility of the experimental protocol in normal subjects; and (2) to study changes of inter-hemispheric PMBS-symmetry as a response to recovery of motor function. PMBS values were calculated and their topographic distributions illustrated at various time instances following movement offset. Significant PMBS patterns were present in all normal subjects, with only minor differences within consecutive recordings. The side of hemiparesis in acute stroke subjects could be distinguished (P = 0.04) on the basis of the signed symmetry index, a quantitative measure of lateralization. The follow-up testing on three recovered stroke subjects revealed a trend of changes in the lateralization towards the contralateral side of movement, an indication that the cortical organization of movement following recovery turned out as reported for normal subjects. Further clinical investigations need to be carried out to evaluate the relationship between recovery and PMBS symmetry on a large number of subjects, using the method presented here. © 2006 EFNS.

The inter-hemispheric symmetry of electroencephalographic (EEG) post-movement beta-event-related synchronization (PMBS) after movements on a drawing board was studied in eight acute stroke subjects with mild hemiparesis and eight normal subjects. A follow-up testing was conducted 3 months after the initial recordings with a twofold purpose: (1) to validate the reproducibility of the experimental protocol in normal subjects; and (2) to study changes of inter-hemispheric PMBS-symmetry as a response to recovery of motor function. PMBS values were calculated and their topographic distributions illustrated at various time instances following movement offset. Significant PMBS patterns were present in all normal subjects, with only minor differences within consecutive recordings. The side of hemiparesis in acute stroke subjects could be distinguished (P = 0.04) on the basis of the signed symmetry index, a quantitative measure of lateralization. The follow-up testing on three recovered stroke subjects revealed a trend of changes in the lateralization towards the contralateral side of movement, an indication that the cortical organization of movement following recovery turned out as reported for normal subjects. Further clinical investigations need to be carried out to evaluate the relationship between recovery and PMBS symmetry on a large number of subjects, using the method presented here. © 2006 EFNS.

Background and purpose: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) can occur with two main clinical presentations, classified as classical Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS) and as PSP-parkinsonism (PSP-P), the most common atypical PSP variant. The differential diagnosis between them is challenging. Therefore, we studied different ultrasound markers by transcranial sonography in individuals with PSP-RS and PSP-P, to test their value in the diagnostic work up of these patients. Methods: Transcranial sonography was performed in 21 patients with PSP-RS and 11 patients with PSP-P. Echogenic sizes of the substantia nigra (SN) and the lenticular nuclei (LN), as well as the width of the third ventricle, were measured. Results: Among the patients with PSP-RS and PSP-P, three (14%) and eight (73%) patients had a hyperechogenic SN (P=0.020), respectively. Uni- or bilateral hyperechogenicity of the LN was observed in 67% and 36% of patients with PSP-RS and PSP-P, respectively (P=0.101). Third ventricle was significantly wider in patients with PSP-RS (11.2±2.3mm) when compared with patients with PSP-P (7.5±1.4mm; P=0.001). Conclusion: Our data, possibly reflecting pathological differences, primarily contribute supporting the view that the neurodegenerative process differs in the two PSP variants. © 2012 The Author(s) European Journal of Neurology © 2012 EFNS.

Background and purpose: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) can occur with two main clinical presentations, classified as classical Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS) and as PSP-parkinsonism (PSP-P), the most common atypical PSP variant. The differential diagnosis between them is challenging. Therefore, we studied different ultrasound markers by transcranial sonography in individuals with PSP-RS and PSP-P, to test their value in the diagnostic work up of these patients. Methods: Transcranial sonography was performed in 21 patients with PSP-RS and 11 patients with PSP-P. Echogenic sizes of the substantia nigra (SN) and the lenticular nuclei (LN), as well as the width of the third ventricle, were measured. Results: Among the patients with PSP-RS and PSP-P, three (14%) and eight (73%) patients had a hyperechogenic SN (P=0.020), respectively. Uni- or bilateral hyperechogenicity of the LN was observed in 67% and 36% of patients with PSP-RS and PSP-P, respectively (P=0.101). Third ventricle was significantly wider in patients with PSP-RS (11.2±2.3mm) when compared with patients with PSP-P (7.5±1.4mm; P=0.001). Conclusion: Our data, possibly reflecting pathological differences, primarily contribute supporting the view that the neurodegenerative process differs in the two PSP variants. © 2012 The Author(s) European Journal of Neurology © 2012 EFNS.

Background and purpose: Mutations in the GCH1 gene, encoding GTP cyclohydrolase 1, the enzyme critically important for dopamine production in nigrostriatal neurons, are the most common cause of dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD), characterized predominantly by limb dystonia, although parkinsonian features may also be present. It has been suggested that DRD is a neurochemical rather than neurodegenerative disorder. Methods: Transcranial brain sonography, which might be a risk marker for nigral injury, was obtained from 141 subjects divided into four groups: (i) 11 patients with genetically confirmed DRD; (ii) 55 consecutive patients with Parkinsonʼs disease (PD); (iii) 30 patients diagnosed as isolated adult-onset focal dystonia; and (iv) 45 healthy controls (HCs). Results: Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity was present in 63.6% of patients with DRD, which was significantly different in comparison to patients with dystonia (20%) and HCs (6.7%), but not in comparison to the PD group (87.3%). Also, values of the maximal areas of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in patients with DRD were higher in comparison to HCs, but significantly lower than among the PD group. Conclusions: We suggested that the observed transcranial brain sonography features in patients with DRD might primarily be risk markers for particular clinical features (parkinsonism, dystonia) occurring in the specific genetic context (i.e. GCH1 mutations), or might reflect compensated neurodegenerative processes triggered by the long-lasting dopamine deficiency due to the profound delay in levodopa treatment in our patients with DRD. © 2016 EAN

Background and purpose: Mutations in the GCH1 gene, encoding GTP cyclohydrolase 1, the enzyme critically important for dopamine production in nigrostriatal neurons, are the most common cause of dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD), characterized predominantly by limb dystonia, although parkinsonian features may also be present. It has been suggested that DRD is a neurochemical rather than neurodegenerative disorder. Methods: Transcranial brain sonography, which might be a risk marker for nigral injury, was obtained from 141 subjects divided into four groups: (i) 11 patients with genetically confirmed DRD; (ii) 55 consecutive patients with Parkinsonʼs disease (PD); (iii) 30 patients diagnosed as isolated adult-onset focal dystonia; and (iv) 45 healthy controls (HCs). Results: Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity was present in 63.6% of patients with DRD, which was significantly different in comparison to patients with dystonia (20%) and HCs (6.7%), but not in comparison to the PD group (87.3%). Also, values of the maximal areas of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in patients with DRD were higher in comparison to HCs, but significantly lower than among the PD group. Conclusions: We suggested that the observed transcranial brain sonography features in patients with DRD might primarily be risk markers for particular clinical features (parkinsonism, dystonia) occurring in the specific genetic context (i.e. GCH1 mutations), or might reflect compensated neurodegenerative processes triggered by the long-lasting dopamine deficiency due to the profound delay in levodopa treatment in our patients with DRD. © 2016 EAN