Browsing by Author "Mazić, Sanja (6508115084)"

This study aimed to assess the effects of a 10-week multicomponent outdoor exercise program on hemodynamic, physical fitness and psychological variables in subjects with CVDs. Twenty participants (12 M and 8 F; age 68.5 ± 8.6 years; BMI 28.49 ± 4.98 kg/m2) suffering from CVDs participated in this randomized controlled study and were allocated into two groups: an experimental group (EG; 6 M, 5 F) who underwent a multicomponent training (i.e., cardiorespiratory, resistance, mobility and breathing exercises; 60’, 2d·wk-1), or a wait-list control group (CG; 6 M, 3 F) who did not engage in any PA. Hemodynamic parameters were assessed through resting heart rate (RHR) and peripheral blood pressure (P-SBP/P-DBP). Physical fitness was assessed via a 30″ chair stand test (30CST), timed up and go (TUG) test, handgrip strength (HGS) test, and 2’ step test (TMST). The health status and quality of life (QoL) were evaluated with short form-12 (SF-12) and World Health Organization QoL (WHOQoL-bref), respectively. After the intervention, EG showed significant reduction in hemodynamic parameters (RHR p < 0.001, ES = 0.98; P-SBP p < 0.001, ES = 0.53; P-DBP: p < 0.001, ES = 0.78), physical fitness (30CST p < 0.001, ES = 0.92; TUG p = 0.001, ES = 0.67; TMST p < 0.05, ES = 0.79) and physical component of SF-12 (PSC-12 p < 0.05, ES = 0.42) compared to CG; no significant changes were observed in HGS, QoL and mental health component of the SF-12 (p > 0.05). The findings showed significant improvements in hemodynamic parameters and physical fitness suggesting the effectiveness of the multicomponent outdoor exercise program in adults and elderly with stabilized CVDs. © The Author(s) 2024.

The impact of chronic, intense exercise, such as in elite athletes, on phospholipids fatty acids (FA) composition has not been studied in women so far. This study aimed to investigate FA profiles in plasma and erythrocytes phospholipids in elite female water polo (N = 15) and football (N = 19) players in comparison with sedentary women. In spite of similar dietary patterns, as assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, plasma FA profile in the football players showed significantly higher proportions of stearic acid, oleic acid, and monounsaturated FA (MUFA), and significantly lower proportions of total and n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) than in the water polo and control group. The water polo players had higher percentages of palmitoleic acid and arachidonic acid than the control subjects. Erythrocyte FA profile differed among groups. We found significantly higher proportion of oleic acid and MUFA in the football group than in the controls, and decreased stearic acid and elevated palmitic and palmitoleic acid in the water polo players than in the other 2 groups. Both groups of athletes had significantly lower percentages of n-6 dihomo-g-linolenic acid, n-6 PUFA, and total PUFA compared with the controls. The estimated activities of elongase and desaturases in erythrocytes were also altered in the athletes. Our results indicate that long-term, intense physical training significantly affects FA status of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids in women. The observed differences between the water polo and the football players suggest that the type of regular training may contribute to the altered metabolism of FA, although possible genetic differences among the 3 study groups cannot be ruled out.

The impact of chronic, intense exercise, such as in elite athletes, on phospholipids fatty acids (FA) composition has not been studied in women so far. This study aimed to investigate FA profiles in plasma and erythrocytes phospholipids in elite female water polo (N = 15) and football (N = 19) players in comparison with sedentary women. In spite of similar dietary patterns, as assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, plasma FA profile in the football players showed significantly higher proportions of stearic acid, oleic acid, and monounsaturated FA (MUFA), and significantly lower proportions of total and n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) than in the water polo and control group. The water polo players had higher percentages of palmitoleic acid and arachidonic acid than the control subjects. Erythrocyte FA profile differed among groups. We found significantly higher proportion of oleic acid and MUFA in the football group than in the controls, and decreased stearic acid and elevated palmitic and palmitoleic acid in the water polo players than in the other 2 groups. Both groups of athletes had significantly lower percentages of n-6 dihomo-g-linolenic acid, n-6 PUFA, and total PUFA compared with the controls. The estimated activities of elongase and desaturases in erythrocytes were also altered in the athletes. Our results indicate that long-term, intense physical training significantly affects FA status of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids in women. The observed differences between the water polo and the football players suggest that the type of regular training may contribute to the altered metabolism of FA, although possible genetic differences among the 3 study groups cannot be ruled out.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia is a progressive condition with right ventricular myocardium being replaced by fibro-fatty tissue. It is a hereditary disorder mostly caused by desmosome gene mutations. The prevalence of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is about 1/1000-5000. Clinical presentation is usually related to ventricular tachycardias, syncope or presyncopa, or ventricular fibrillation leading to cardiac arrest, mostly in young people and athletes. It may be difficult to make the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy due to several problems arising from the specificity of electrocardiograph abnormalities, different potential etiologies of ventricular arrhythmias with a left bundle branch morphology, the assessment of the right ventricular structure and function, and the interpretation of endomyocardial biopsy findings. Therefore, standardized diagnostic criteria have been proposed by the Study Group on arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology. In order to make the diagnosis ofarrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, a number of clinical tests are employed, including the electrocardiogram, echocardiography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, myocardial biopsy, right ventricular angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and genetic testing. The therapeutic options include beta blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs, catheter ablation, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator is the most effective safe-guard against arrhythmic sudden death. Preparticipation screening for sport eligibility has been proven to be effective in detecting asymptomatic patients and sport disqualification has been lifesaving, substantially declining sudden death in young athletes.

Background/Aim. Insufficient levels of physical activity and poor nutrition, have led to an increase in the number of obese adolescents and cardiometabolic problems. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between eating habits and low physical activity levels among adolescents. Methods. The cross-sectional study, conducted in May 2017, included a total of 389 participants, aged 15–19 years. The study instrument was a questionnaire regarding demographic characteristics, physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form), as well as eating habits. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. A total of 131 participants (33.7%) had a low level of physical activity, and 258 (66.3%) had a moderate/high level of physical activity. Adolescents with moderate/high physical activity were significantly more likely to be male and medical school students. Moreover, they had breakfast significantly more often, consumed fish more than twice a week or at least twice a week, ate fruit once a day or more, and generally ate healthy, compared to the high school students with low physical activity. Among the factors associated with low physical activity were the following: the female gender, eating breakfast never/sometimes, consuming fish less than twice a week, fruit less than once a day, maintaining a healthy diet, and adolescents aged 18–19 years. Conclusion. This study identified several statistically significant independent factors associated with low physical activity in adolescents. Based on the obtained results, it is necessary to undertake certain interventions, promote physical activity, correct eating habits, and the overall lifestyle, with a special emphasis on the female population and teenagers aged 18–19 years. The education of both adolescents and their parents is essential. © 2024 Inst. Sci. inf., Univ. Defence in Belgrade. All rights reserved.

INTRODUCTION: The use of electrocardiogram in athletes as a routine screening method for diagnosing potentially dangerous cardiovascular diseases is still an issue of debate. According to the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology, the recording of electrocardiogram is necessary in all athletes as a screening method, whereas the guidelines of the American Heart Association do not necessitate an electrocardiogram as a screening method and they insist on detailed personal and family history and clinical examination. CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAM CHANGES IN ATHLETES: According to the classification of the European Society of Cardiology, electrocardiogram changes in athletes are divided into two groups: a) usual (physiological) that are connected with training; b) unusual (potentially clinically relevant) that are not connected with training. SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN ATHLETES: The most frequent causes include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congenital coronary artery anomalies, while others may be found only sporadically at autopsy. Physiological electrocardiogram changes are frequent in asymptomatic athletes and they do not require further assessment. They include sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular blocks of I and II degree--Wenkebach, isolated increased QRS voltage, incomplete right bundle branch block and early repolarization. Potentially pathological electrocardiogram changes in athletes are not frequent but they are alarming and they urge further assessment to diagnose the underlying cardiovascular disease as well as the prevention of sudden cardiac death. They include: T wave inversion, ST segment depression, complete right or left bundle branch block, atrial pre-excitation syndrome-WPW, long QT interval, short QT interval, Brugada like electrocardiogram finding.; CONCLUSION: Introduction of electrocardiogram recording into the screening protocol in athletes increases the sensitivity of evaluation and may help to discover asymptomatic cardiovascular diseases that may cause sudden cardiac death. Special attention and further assessment are required when the above potentially pathological electrocardiogram changes are found in athletes.

Etoposide is commonly used in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms. Hypersensitivity reactions to etoposide are infrequently reported and include hypotension, hypertension, flushing, diaphoresis, chest discomfort, dyspnea, bronchospasm and loss of consciousness. We report the case of a 39-year-old woman who experienced acute bronchospasm, tachycardia, hypoxia and hypotension. The symptoms resolved within an hour after administration of intravenous fluids, methylprednisolone, diphenhydramine and oxygen. Subsequently, the patient was given etoposide phosphate without incident. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to indentify the under/overweight/obese frequencies by Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) in athletes within groups of sport and to investigate the accuracy of the BMI as a measure of BF%. METHODS: Cross-sectional design study on elite male athletes (N.=2234, aged 22±4 years) from 51 sports disciplines who were classified according to two different sport classifications: predominant characteristic of training (four group model) and type and intensity of exercise (nine group model). All athletes underwent full anthropometric testing. RESULTS: After stratification, the majority of athletes were in normal weight category. According to 4 group model, BMI is showed as statistically significant, reliable and independent predictor of BF% in all groups of sports. In nine groups model all correlated parameters were positive for athletes being statistically significant (P<0.001) with exception of group LSMD, MSMD and HSMD (P>0.05). The highest positive correlation between BMI and BF% was in group MSLD (r=0.53; P<0.001) and in power sports group (r=0.24; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: BMI could be an accurate predictor of BF% in athletes but that depends on group of sport. Our results suggest the BMI could use only in power and MSLD groups of sport. © 2016 Edizioni Minerva Medica.

BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to indentify the under/overweight/obese frequencies by Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) in athletes within groups of sport and to investigate the accuracy of the BMI as a measure of BF%. METHODS: Cross-sectional design study on elite male athletes (N.=2234, aged 22±4 years) from 51 sports disciplines who were classified according to two different sport classifications: predominant characteristic of training (four group model) and type and intensity of exercise (nine group model). All athletes underwent full anthropometric testing. RESULTS: After stratification, the majority of athletes were in normal weight category. According to 4 group model, BMI is showed as statistically significant, reliable and independent predictor of BF% in all groups of sports. In nine groups model all correlated parameters were positive for athletes being statistically significant (P<0.001) with exception of group LSMD, MSMD and HSMD (P>0.05). The highest positive correlation between BMI and BF% was in group MSLD (r=0.53; P<0.001) and in power sports group (r=0.24; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: BMI could be an accurate predictor of BF% in athletes but that depends on group of sport. Our results suggest the BMI could use only in power and MSLD groups of sport. © 2016 Edizioni Minerva Medica.

Introduction Specific morphological and functional characteristics of athletes have a significant role in determining athletes' sports results and can be also used to assess the athlete's individual potential. Objective The aim of the study was to compare anthropometric characteristics and cardiovascular parameters in trained subjects to those of untrained subjects. Methods A total number of 25 trained (17.30±}0.83 years) and 21 (18.52±}1.52 years) untrained male subjects participated in this study. Body weight and height were measured and these values were used to compute body mass index (BMI). The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method was used to estimate body fat percentage (%BF). Cardiovascular parameters were monitored in rest (rest heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) during ergospirometric testing (maximal oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate) and in recovery (heart rate in the first and third minute of recovery). Results Body mass, height and BMI (p<0.01) were significantly higher, although BF% was lower in trained group when compared to untrained, but the difference was not statistically significant. Heart rate in rest and recovery were significantly lower (p<0.05) in trained group when compared to untrained, although maximal oxygen consumption and maximal heart rate were significantly higher in trained group (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectevely). Conclusion Our results show that in trained subjects, water polo players, regular intense physical activity lead to adaptive changes of anthropometric parameters and adaptive changes on the cardiovascular system.

Cardiovascular diseases are the cause of death in up to 90% of athletes. The most frequent cause of death in young athletes is a sudden cardiac death (SCD). Causes of SCD among athletes are strongly correlated with age. In young athletes (<35 years), the leading causes are congenital cardiac diseases, particularly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congenital coronary artery anomalies. By contrast, most of deaths in older athletes (<35 years) are due to coronary artery disease. Although there is no possibility to decrease the risk of SCD to"zero", especially in sport competitions, clear recommendations, if available, for cardiovascular evaluation before athletic participation and side effects of sports activities, would minimize the frequency of SCD. If a specific condition of the cardiovascular system is diagnosed, it is necessary to establish the risk of SCD associated with a continual involvement in physical activities and competitive sports, and to define clearly disqualification criteria for each individual athlete.

Strength training and other modes of physical activity may be beneficial in osteoporosis prevention by maximizing bone mineral accrual in childhood and adolescence. This study focuses on the impact of the nine-month long program of resistant exercises with different level of external loads (low, middle and high) on the lower limbs explosive strength and bone tissue density in athletes adolescents aged 17 to 18 years. Sixty healthy, male athletes and non-athletes, divided into experimental (ES, sprinters, N = 45) and control sub-sample (CS, non-athletes, N = 15), were included in study. ES examinees (EG1, EG2 and EG3) were subjected to the program of resistance exercises with low level (60% of the One Repetition Maximum-1RM), middle level (70% 1RM), and high level (85% 1RM) of external loads, respectively. Bone Density values were determined by the use of a clinical sonometer.,Sahara" (Hologic, Inc., MA 02154, USA). Explosive strength values of hip extensors and flexors, knee extensors and flexors, and ankle plantar and dorsiflexors were determined by the use of accelerometer.,Myotest" (Sion, Switzerland) and the means of Counter Movement Jump without arms swing (CMJ) and half squat. ANOVA method for repeated measures and ANCOVA method were used to determine significant differences and resistance program effects on the lower limbs explosive strength and bone tissue density. Resistance exercise does impact the explosive strength and bone parameters in a way to increase half squat 1RM values, but decreases CMJ values, and increases speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and bone mineral density (BMD) values in athletes-adolescents, aged 17-18 years. © 2018 Saša Bubanj et al., published by Sciendo 2018.

[No abstract available]