Browsing by Author "Malobabić, S. (7004232500)"

The distal segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), which extends from the junction with the posterior communicating artery to its terminal division into the parieto-occipital and calcarine arteries, was examined in 37 brains. Three types of distal segment were distinguished. In the first type (42.9 %), the terminal division was located either in the calcarine sulcus or in the quadrigeminal cistern. In the second type (41.4 %), the terminal division had the same position, but the distal segment, in addition to its terminal stems, also gave off the common temporal artery. In the third type (15.7 %), the terminal division was seen in the ambient cistern. The distal segment of the PCA gave rise to several collateral branches: the collicular artery (2.8 %), the anterior (28.6 %), middle (30.0 %), and posterior (28.6 %) hippocampal arteries, the proximal (82.9 %) and distal (20.0 %) lateral posterior choroidal arteries, the proximal (40.0 %) and distal (41.4 %) medial posterior choroidal arteries, the peduncular, thalamogeniculate and splenial branches, the lingual gyri artery and the temporal arteries. Several anatomic variants of the distal segment were observed in this study: fenestration of the distal segment (1.4 %), location of the distal segment dorsal to the uncus (2.8 %), origin of the collicular (2.8 %) and anterior choroidal arteries (1.4 %) from the distal segment, and protrusion of the parieto-occipital arterial loop into the lateral ventricle (2.8 %). The authors discuss the clinical significance of these anatomic data. © 1988 Springer-Verlag.

Background: We investigated diameters of prevertebral - V1, and atlantic - V3 parts of extradural segment of vertebral artery (VA). Variable results from the literature about VA diameters reflect variety of diagnostic and imaging methods, various sample sizes, different levels of measurements, and lack of possible specific ethnic, regional or genetic data. Additionally, the data are often without distinctions of left-right or of sex. Materials and methods: For this computed tomography (CT) angiographic study 91 adult people (182 VAs) of both sexes (47 males and 44 females) and of age between 33 and 75 years were selected. Diameters were measured at fixed predefined points of VA, marked as inferior (A) point (at V1 part in region of VA origin), as middle (B) point (the end of V1 part), and superior (C) point, at V3 part - 5 mm before VA penetrated the dura. Inferior (A) and middle (B) points actually represent locations at beginning (A) and at terminal (B) regions of V1 part of VA, and superior point C represents terminal part of V3. Results: In total sample ipsilateral (both left [L] and right [R] sided) diameters on investigated levels of VA showed progressive and highly significant decreases. The mean values were on the right side at point A - 3.63 mm, at B point - 3.31 mm, and at C point - 3.08 mm. On the left side, mean values were at point A - 3.76 mm, at B point - 3.50 mm, and at point C - 3.21 mm. Pattern of increasing sex differences in diameters of VA, was ranging from no differences (point A), trough significant (point B), to highly significant differences (point C). For inferior point (A) we did not find significant differences in VA diameters between males (R 3.78 mm; L 3.89 mm) and females (R 3.50 mm; L 3.62 mm), in middle (B) point sex differences were significant (males: R 3.44 mm, L 3.66 mm; females: R 3.18 mm, L 3.33 mm) and in most superior point (C) differences were highly significant (males: R 3.278 mm, L 3.39 mm; females: R 2.88 mm, L 3.01 mm). However, we did not find significant intrasex (in males or in females) left-right differences in mean values of VA diameters for all three investigated levels. Conclusions: Our findings, as the first data about diameters of VA systematically obtained by CT angiography in the population of western Balkans and wider, suggest that in design of future studies of VA diameters is necessary to analyse separately the data for sex, as well as to use defined standard levels. © 2019 Via Medica.

Background: Evaluation of morphological and size changes related to various pathological conditions of the corpus callosum (CC) requires the data about sex dimorphism of the CC. The purpose of our study is to define potential morphological sex differences of the CC by the use of polar coordinate system as a system of measurements. Materials and methods: After division of the CC into three equal segments by the use of polar coordinate system, we investigated the length of the hemisphere (A-A'), the CC size as its midsagittal section area (CCA), the size of its segments (C1, C2, C3), thickness of the thinnest part of the CC (TCC) and the angular coordinate (α angle) of dorsal point of the TCC in a sample of 30 human brains magnetic resonance images (15 males and 15 females, age 20-50 years). Results: We found significantly larger CCA, C3 segment and the TCC in males. Statistically significant correlation in both, males and females, was found between parameters of the CCA and of all of its segments (C1, C2, C3), the C1 and C2, the C2 and C3 segments, as well as like as between the C2 and TCC. Sex differences were also in findings of significant correlation between the C1 and C3 segments, between CCA and TCC, and of significant negative correlation between the α angle and A-A' only in females. Conclusions: We concluded that the use of polar coordinate system appropriately reflects the anatomical and encephalometric characteristics of human CC. © 2015 Via Medica.

Background: Vertebral artery (VA), the main element of the posterior brain circulation, has many anatomical variations which generally were widely investigated. However, available data vary in wide ranges, reflecting very different sample sizes, lack of data about left-right or sex differences, and about possible ethnic, regionally specific or genetic differences. Materials and methods: Certain new findings suggest possible involvement of some environmental factors in VA variations. Accurate anatomical data about VA variations in different regions of the world, including Balkans countries, are still lacking. Therefore we investigated morphological variability of VA origin and its entrance level into cervical transverse foramina in population of Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina), including data about the sex and side. Results: Anatomy of VA was investigated in 112 persons (224 arteries) of both sexes (58 males, 54 females; age 19-83 years), using 64-slice computed tomography (CT) scanner. Origin of VA from subclavian artery (SCA) we found in 95.08% of arteries (52 males, 49 females). Only in 1 (0.45%) male left VA and left SCA had an specific origin from aortic arch (AA), which we named as an "common area of origin". All other observed variations in origin were only of left VA, originating from AA in 4.47% (5 males, 5 females). Left VA most often (usual) entrance level into transverse foramen we found at C6 (87.5%), followed by C5 (8.93%), C4 (3.12%), and in 1 case at level C7 (0.45%). Entry levels at C5, both on right and on the left side, were three times more frequent in males than in females. Conclusions: Wide ranges of differences between the data we obtained on a sample in Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and the data from many other studies require further and wider investigations. Copyright © 2018 Via Medica.