Browsing by Author "Kocić, Milan (55386294200)"

Introduction/Objective Male breast cancer is an exceptionally rare disease, accounting for only 0.5% of all male cancer cases, with an incidence of less than one case per 100,000 men annually. This study aims to present the experience of the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia (IORS) in managing male breast cancer. Methods This retrospective study included all male patients treated at IORS for breast cancer during the period from 1997 to 2016. In total, 124 cases were included in this study and analyzed regarding demographic, clinical, and pathohistological characteristics, therapeutic approach, and treatment outcomes. Results Most patients were in stages IIa (27.4%) and IIIb (33.9%). Modified Madden radical mastectomy was performed on 70% of patients. The most prevalent pathohistological tumor type was ductal invasive carcinoma, most frequently in the T2 stage. Most patients (92.1%) had a positive estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor status (92.1% and 82.4%, respectively), while human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status was negative in 60% of the patients. The median overall survival was 121 months. Positive ER status was identified as the most important predictor of overall survival, while patients with initial stage IIIa/IIIb/IV disease had a greater risk of disease progression. Conclusion Our research indicates that patients with ER-positive tumors, who are diagnosed with the disease early and do not have any distant or local metastases have significantly better overall survival rates. © 2025, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

Breast cancer (BC) is a multifactorial disease with unresolved etiology. Environmental pollutants, primarily trace metals, play a pivotal role in the pathophysiological cascade of malignant tumors, including BC. In this up-to-date review, we comprehensively and critically examined the relationship between cadmium (Cd) and BC. For this purpose, peer-reviewed studies from relevant databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) over the last 40 years were retrieved and analyzed. We found that in vitro and in vivo studies strongly support the view that Cd has harmful effects on breast health. According to the human studies, we found that Cd could be responsible for the development and progression of malignant breast tumors due to markedly higher levels in clinical matrices of cases (whole blood, urine, breast tissue, keratin materials) than in clinical matrices of controls. Cadmium does not appear to affect BC density. In contrast, Cd has been found to have a detrimental effect on sex hormones, disrupting the balance of estrogen and androgen. We found that studies looking at dietary Cd intake and BC risk generally (without measuring urine or blood Cd) do not support the association between dietary Cd intake and BC risk. In notable contrast, studies looking at dietary Cd intake and BC risk by measuring Cd in urine or blood generally support this association. The effect of airborne Cd on BC risk was weak, but in favor of specific histological forms, primarily ER-/PR- invasive tubular breast carcinomas. Regardless of the intake route of Cd into the body, it can be concluded that Cd has a harmful effect on breast health. However, well-designed longitudinal, mechanistic, meta-analytic, and other studies are urgently needed to confirm the exact role of environmental Cd in breast carcinogenesis. © 2025 The Authors

Breast cancer (BC) is a multifactorial disease with unresolved etiology. Environmental pollutants, primarily trace metals, play a pivotal role in the pathophysiological cascade of malignant tumors, including BC. In this up-to-date review, we comprehensively and critically examined the relationship between cadmium (Cd) and BC. For this purpose, peer-reviewed studies from relevant databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) over the last 40 years were retrieved and analyzed. We found that in vitro and in vivo studies strongly support the view that Cd has harmful effects on breast health. According to the human studies, we found that Cd could be responsible for the development and progression of malignant breast tumors due to markedly higher levels in clinical matrices of cases (whole blood, urine, breast tissue, keratin materials) than in clinical matrices of controls. Cadmium does not appear to affect BC density. In contrast, Cd has been found to have a detrimental effect on sex hormones, disrupting the balance of estrogen and androgen. We found that studies looking at dietary Cd intake and BC risk generally (without measuring urine or blood Cd) do not support the association between dietary Cd intake and BC risk. In notable contrast, studies looking at dietary Cd intake and BC risk by measuring Cd in urine or blood generally support this association. The effect of airborne Cd on BC risk was weak, but in favor of specific histological forms, primarily ER-/PR- invasive tubular breast carcinomas. Regardless of the intake route of Cd into the body, it can be concluded that Cd has a harmful effect on breast health. However, well-designed longitudinal, mechanistic, meta-analytic, and other studies are urgently needed to confirm the exact role of environmental Cd in breast carcinogenesis. © 2025 The Authors