Browsing by Author "Kalpak, Oliver (25626262100)"

Background--Although acute coronary syndrome (ACS) mainly occurs in patients > 50 years, younger patients can be affected as well. We used an age cutoff of 45 years to investigate clinical characteristics and outcomes of "young" patients with ACS. Methods and Results--Between October 2010 and April 2016, 14 931 patients with ACS were enrolled in the ISACS-TC (International Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Transitional Countries) registry. Of these patients, 1182 (8%) were aged ≤45 years (mean age, 40.3 years; 15.8% were women). The primary end point was 30-day all-cause mortality. Percentage diameter stenosis of ≤50% was defined as insignificant coronary disease. ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction was the most common clinical manifestation of ACS in the young cases (68% versus 59.6%). Young patients had a higher incidence of insignificant coronary artery disease (11.4% versus 10.1%) and lesser extent of significant disease (single vessel, 62.7% versus 46.6%). The incidence of 30-day death was 1.3% versus 6.9% for the young and older patients, respectively. After correction for baseline and clinical differences, age ≤45 years was a predictor of survival in men (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.58), but not in women (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-3.62). This pattern of reversed risk among sexes held true after multivariable correction for in-hospital medications and reperfusion therapy. Moreover, younger women had worse outcomes than men of a similar age (odds ratio, 6.03; 95% confidence interval, 2.07-17.53). Conclusion--ACS at a young age is characterized by less severe coronary disease and high prevalence of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Women have higher mortality than men. Young age is an independent predictor of lower 30-day mortality in men, but not in women. © 2017 The Authors.

Aims The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) EURObservational Research Programme (EORP) Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) Registry aims to identify international patterns in NSTEMI management in clinical practice and outcomes against the 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without ST-segment-elevation. Methods and results Consecutively hospitalised adult NSTEMI patients (n = 3620) were enrolled between 11 March 2019 and 6 March 2021, and individual patient data prospectively collected at 287 centres in 59 participating countries during a two-week enrolment period per centre. The registry collected data relating to baseline characteristics, major outcomes (inhospital death, acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, bleeding, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, and 30-day mortality) and guideline-recommended NSTEMI care interventions: electrocardiogram pre- or in-hospital, prehospitalization receipt of aspirin, echocardiography, coronary angiography, referral to cardiac rehabilitation, smoking cessation advice, dietary advice, and prescription on discharge of aspirin, P2Y12 inhibition, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), beta-blocker, and statin. Conclusion The EORP NSTEMI Registry is an international, prospective registry of care and outcomes of patients treated for NSTEMI, which will provide unique insights into the contemporary management of hospitalised NSTEMI patients, compliance with ESC 2015 NSTEMI Guidelines, and identify potential barriers to optimal management of this common clinical presentation associated with significant morbidity and mortality. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology All rights reserved.

The aim of this study was to determine if earlier administration of oral β blocker therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) is associated with an increased short-term survival rate and improved left ventricular (LV) function. We studied 11,581 patients enrolled in the International Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Transitional Countries registry from January 2010 to June 2014. Of these patients, 6,117 were excluded as they received intravenous β blockers or remained free of any β blocker treatment during hospital stay, 23 as timing of oral β blocker administration was unknown, and 182 patients because they died before oral β blockers could be given. The final study population comprised 5,259 patients. The primary outcome was the incidence of in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome was the incidence of severe LV dysfunction defined as an ejection fraction <40% at hospital discharge. Oral β blockers were administered soon (≤24 hours) after hospital admission in 1,377 patients and later (>24 hours) during hospital stay in the remaining 3,882 patients. Early β blocker therapy was significantly associated with reduced in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.41, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.80) and reduced incidence of severe LV dysfunction (odds ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.78). Significant mortality benefits with early β blocker therapy disappeared when patients with Killip class III/IV were included as dummy variables. The results were confirmed by propensity score-matched analyses. In conclusion, in patients with ACSs, earlier administration of oral β blocker therapy should be a priority with a greater probability of improving LV function and in-hospital survival rate. Patients presenting with acute pulmonary edema or cardiogenic shock should be excluded from this early treatment regimen. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

IMPORTANCE Previous works have shown that women hospitalized with ST-segment elevationmyocardial infarction (STEMI) have higher short-term mortality rates than men. However, it is unclear if these differences persist among patients undergoing contemporary primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the risk of 30-day mortality after STEMI is higher in women than men and, if so, to assess the role of age, medications, and primary PCI in this excess of risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS From January 2010 to January 2016, a total of 8834 patients were hospitalized and received medical treatment for STEMI in 41 hospitals referring data to the International Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Transitional Countries (ISACS-TC) registry (NCT01218776). EXPOSURES Demographics, baseline characteristics, clinical profile, and pharmacological treatment within 24 hours and primary PCI. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Adjusted 30-day mortality rates estimated using inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) logistic regression models. RESULTS There were 2657 women with a mean (SD) age of 66.1 (11.6) years and 6177 men with a mean (SD) age of 59.9 (11.7) years included in the study. Thirty-day mortality was significantly higher for women than for men (11.6%vs 6.0%, P < .001). The gap in sex-specific mortality narrowed if restricting the analysis to men and women undergoing primary PCI (7.1%vs 3.3%, P < .001). After multivariable adjustment for comorbidities and treatment covariates, women under 60 had higher early mortality risk than men of the same age category (OR, 1.88; 95%CI, 1.04-3.26; P = .02). The risk in the subgroups aged 60 to 74 years and over 75 years was not significantly different between sexes (OR, 1.28; 95%CI, 0.88-1.88; P = .19 and OR, 1.17; 95%CI, 0.80-1.73; P = .40; respectively). After IPTWadjustment for baseline clinical covariates, the relationship among sex, age category, and 30-day mortality was similar (OR, 1.56 [95%CI, 1.05-2.3]; OR, 1.49 [95%CI, 1.15-1.92]; and OR, 1.21 [95%CI, 0.93-1.57]; respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Younger age was associated with higher 30-day mortality rates in women with STEMI even after adjustment for medications, primary PCI, and other coexisting comorbidities. This difference declines after age 60 and is no longer observed in oldest women. © 2018 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.