Browsing by Author "Ilic, A. (57217451630)"

The cecum in man as a part of the large colon (intestinum crassum) differs morphologically and topographically from the cecum of domestic mammals. The cecum in domestic mammals differs not only from the human cecum but also comparatively morphologically and topographically among the domestic mammals. The appendix vermiformis does not exist in domestic mammals, which represents the main difference between the human cecum and that of domestic mammals. There are certainly some differences in the physiological function of the cecum in man and the cecum in domestic mammals, which are carnivores, omnivores and herbivores.

We studied the marginal artery of the colon in the region of the final bifurcation of the left colic artery. Our investigations were carried out on 100 specimens of both sexes of different age. We used the method of dissection and contrast postmortal arteriography. The left colic artery was present in all of our cases. It arose more often as a direct branch from the inferior mesenteric artery (55%). The stem of the left colic artery, different in length (3-12 cm), was directed obliquely, upwards and to the left. It ended dividing into two branches at a variable distance from the gut wall (0.5-7 cm). These were mostly connected by a well developed arc (70%). In almost one fifth of the cases (18%), the ending bifurcation of the left colic artery had a 'T' shape. Not unfrequently (7%), ending branches of the left colic gave off particular branches to the gut wall, but these were also connected with each other forming a part of the continual marginal artery. Most rarely (5%) there was no grossly visible anastomosis between the branches of the left colic artery. Such a disposition results in the interruption of the marginal artery at this level (Griffiths' critical point), which may be followed by difficult consequences after resection and primary anastomosis of the bowel.

The basic morphology and topography of the axillary nerve are described. Attention is drawn to the circumhumeral part of the nerve and its relationship to the adjacent acromion process and greater and lesser tuberosities of the humerus. Macerated specimens showed the sharp edges of these structures. Superimposition of these relationships on radiographs enables the type of axillary nerve lesion to be predicted in fractures of the shoulder region. Several interesting morphological and topographical details are given, e.g. the relationship between the cutaneous and muscular branches of the axillary nerve, and a description of the distal part of the nerve.