Browsing by Author "Ilić, Milena (7102981394)"

The five-year incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was examined in middle-aged diabetics (54 insulin-dependent - IDDM, 152 non-insulin-dependent - NIDDM) and 105 controls. In comparison to the controls, CHD incidence was higher only in IDDM patients (11.5 vs 4.0%), but the difference was not a significant one. CHD incidence cases in both IDDM and NIDDM groups were significantly related with longer duration of the disease and, when IDDM patients are concerned, with higher diastolic blood pressure. © 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Introduction: Nosocomial infections (NIs) are a serious health problem in hospitals worldwide and are followed by a series of consequences, medical, judicial, ethical and economic. Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of NIs at the Clinical Centre in Kragujevac. Methods: A prevalence study of nosocomial infections was conducted from 16th till 20th May, 2005, within Second National Prevalence Study of Niš in the Republic of Serbia.& Results The study included 866 patients. 40 patients had a NI, thus the prevalence of patients with NIs and prevalence of NIs was the same, 4.6%. Among NIs, the most frequent were urinary infections (45.0%) followed by surgical-site infections (17.5%), skin and soft tissue infections (15%) and pneumonia (12.5%). The rate of NIs was highest at departments of orthopaedics and traumatological surgery (12.0%), followed by intensive care units (8.0%). Overall, 67.5% (27/40) NIs were culture-proved; the leading pathogens were Escherichia coli (40.0%), followed by gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas species, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacteriaceae with equal frequency of 8.0%). Nosocomial infections were significantly more frequent in patients aged ≥65 years (p<0.05), with longer hospitalization ≥8 days (p<0.00), in intensive care patients (p<0.05), patients with an intravenous catheter (p<0.00), urinary catheter (p<0.00), and those under antibiotic therapy (p<0.00). Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of nosocomial infections in our hospital is similar to the prevalence in the developed countries. The study of prevalence provides a prompt insight into basic epidemiological and ethiological characteristics of nosocomial infections, hence identification of hospital priorities and the need to undertake appropriate prevention measures.

Background/Aim. Nosocomial infections (NI) are a serious health problem resulting in an enromous burden of excess morbidity and mortaliti rates, and health care costs. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of NI and to identify groups of patients at special risk for NI in the University Clinical Center, Kragujevac, Serbia. Methods. A period prevalence study design was used in this study. A survey of NI included all patients hospitalized in all departments in the University Clinical Center, Kragujevac. Results. Among 764 patients surveyed, the global prevalence rate of patients with at least one NI was 6.2% (95%CI = 5.6-6.8), while the prevalence of NI was 7.1%. The most frequent infections were surgical site infections (14.1%; 95%CI = 12.9-15.3), followed by pneumonia (2.3%; 95%CI = 2.1-2.5) in surgical patients. In medical wards, the most common NI were skin and subcutaneous tissue infections (1.6%l 95%CI = 1.4-1.8), and urinary infections (1.4%; 95%CI = 1.3-1.5). Overall, 85.1% NI were culture-proven; the leading pathogens were Pseudomonas species (40.0%), followed by Staphylococcus species (25.0%), Escherichia coli (22.5%), Proteus mirabilis (17.5%) and Klebsiella-Enterobacter (12.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified 3 risk factors independently associated with NI appearance: hospital stay ≥ 8 days (p = 0.0015), urinary catheter (p = 0.0022) and antibiotic use (p < 0.001). Conclusion. This study showed that NI are a serious health problem in our hospital. The most common infections were surgical site infections, followed by skin and subcutaneous tissue infection and urinary tract infections. Nosocomial infections were most common in patients in urological and orthopedic departments, and then in intensive care units. Prolonged hospital stay, urinary catheter and antibiotic exposure were risk factors independently associated with NI appearance.

Aim To analyze the trends of pancreatic cancer mortality in Serbia. Methods The study covered the population of Serbia in the period 1991 to 2010. Mortality trends were assessed by the joinpoint regression analysis by age and sex. Results Age-standardized mortality rates ranged from 5.93 to 8.57 per 100 000 in men and from 3.51 to 5.79 per 100 000 in women. Pancreatic cancer mortality in all age groups was higher among men than among women. It was continuously increasing since 1991 by 1.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1 to 2.0) yearly in men and by 2.2% (95% CI 1.7 to 2.7) yearly in women. Changes in mortality were not significant in younger age groups for both sexes. In older men (≥55 years), mortality was increasing, although in age groups 70-74 and 80-84 the increase was not significant. In 65-69 years old men, the increase in mortality was significant only in the period 2004 to 2010. In≥50 years old women, mortality significantly increased from 1991 onward. In 75-79 years old women, a non-significant decrease in the period 1991 to 2000 was followed by a significant increase from 2000 to 2010. Conclusion Serbia is one of the countries with the highest pancreatic cancer mortality in the world, with increasing mortality trend in both sexes and in most age groups.

Background and Objectives: Studies on the effects of studying on a medical student’s quality of life are sparse. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire is a widely used scale that enables the assessment and international comparisons of the quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire among Serbian medical students. Material and Methods: We conducted a crosssectional study that involved 760 medical students at a state medical faculty at the University of Kragujevac, Serbia. The reliability of the WHOQOL-BREF was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test–retest analysis, and the validity was examined using principal component analysis, with Promax rotation method. Results: Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the whole WHOQOL-BREF scale was 0.896. Internal reliability for all domains was above 0.70, except for the domain “Social Relationships” (0.533). The test–retest reliability for all domains was significant at p < 0.01 level, showing good stability of the scale. Principal component analysis with Promax rotation method indicated four main components that explained 49.5% of variance. Conclusion: The Serbian version of the WHOQOL-BREF scale showed satisfactory psychometric properties that facilitate estimation of the quality of life of medical students. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Background/Aim. The assessment of the impact of oral health on the quality of life presents the increasing need in testing oral health of an individual and of the entire population. The aim of the study was to translate the index of “Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults” of the World Health Organization into the Serbian language and to check its reliability in the Serbian Armed Forces professional staff. Methods. This study was designed as an observational, epidemiological study. The “Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults” was translated into the Serbian language. The classical test theory was used in the data analysis. The assessed characteristics included internal consistency and construct validity. Results. A total of 1,741 participants were included in this analysis. The mean age of the study group was 32.4 ± 9.7 years. In the last 12 months, problems which occurred frequently or very often regarding teeth and mouth were as follows: difficult biting of food (6.2%), difficult chewing (5.1%), difficult speech or difficult pronunciation of certain words (1.9%), dryness of the mouth (2.9%), the feeling of discomfort due to the esthetic appearance of teeth (6.8%). The reliability of the “Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults” (items considering Oral Health Self-Assessment) had high internal consistency (the Cronbach’s coefficient was 0.879). The Principal component analysis and Promax rotation revealed 1 factor with Eigenvalue exceeding 1, accounting for 54.3% of the total variance. Conclusion. The Serbian version of the „Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults” provides very useful and reliable information on the condition of oral health of the Serbian Armed Forces professional members. © 2021 Inst. Sci. inf., Univ. Defence in Belgrade. All rights reserved.