Browsing by Author "Ilić, Aleksandra (57382479700)"

Purpose: To analyze clinical characteristics of ocular sarcoidosis in a group of biopsy-proven sarcoid patients treated at the single referral center for sarcoidosis in Serbia. Methods: A prospective study carried out on 88 biopsy-proven sarcoid patients between January 2012 and December 2014. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination. Results: Ocular sarcoidosis was present in 32 patients (36.4% of all) and included: eyelid skin lesions (2.3%); orbital inflammation (2.3%); conjunctival lesions (7.9%); anterior uveitis (2.3%); intermediate uveitis (1.1%); posterior uveitis (15.9%); panuveitis (5.7%), and neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations (9.1%). Complications included cataract (20.4%); glaucoma (5.7%); cystoid macular edema (3.4%); epiretinal membrane formation (4.5%); macular atrophy (2.3%); and choroidal neovascularization (1.1%). Binocular visual impairment was present in one patient (1.1%), due to complications of posterior uveitis (macular scars). Conclusions: Patients in Serbia demonstrated ocular sarcoidosis as the first most common site of extrapulmonary sarcoid manifestations, with more often neuro-ophthalmologic lesions than in other European populations. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

SUMMARY Introduction/Objective Body fat percentage (BFP) is the most reliable indicator of the nutritional status. For clinical practice, it is important but also insufficiently examined whether the determination of BFP should be relied exclusively on the latest methods or whether classical anthropometric methods are also reliable. The aim was to investigate the correlation between the results of BFP measuring using a contemporary method of bioimpedance and classic methods of skin fold thickness (SFT) and body mass index (BMI). Method There were 279 patients of the Dietetic Counseling Center of the Institute for Public Health in Niš who were included in the research during 2015. BFP was determined using three classic anthropometric methods: SFT over the triceps, SFT over the scapula, and BMI. OMRON BF 302 apparatus was used for BFP measuring using the bioimpedance method. Results Using single-factor analysis of variance we found a statistically significant difference between the mean values of the BFP obtained with bioimpedance and those obtained with anthropometric methods (F = 24.19, p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the BFP determined with bioimpedance and SFT over the triceps and the scapula, while the anthropometric method based on BMI gave the results similar to those from bioimpedance. Conclusion We show that the most reliable anthropometric method of determination of BFP is that based on BMI, as its results correlate best with those obtained with a contemporary method of bioimpedance. © 2020, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

Background/Aim. Tuberculosis in the second decade of the 21st century is an infectious disease with the highest mortality rate. In addition, in developed countries, pneumonia is the major couse of morbidity and mortality in adults. The aim of our study was to point out the differences and similarities between symptoms, laboratory parameters and clinical indicators in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and patients with pneumonia in the general population and in people belonging to the high risk groups for developing tuberculosis. Methods. This prospective study included patients with PTB (n = 70) and pneumonia (n = 75) treated at the Pulmonology Department of Clinical Hospital Center in Kosovska Mitrovica. Results. PTB was more frequent in men, 30–39 years of age (OR; 6:08), mainly from rural areas (p = 0.001), and with lower levels of education (p = 0.031). Pneumonia was more frequent in women older than 60 years of age (p = 0.0012). Night sweats (p = 0.001) and weight loss (p = 0.062) were significantly more frequent in patients with PTB, while chest pain (p = 0.001) and high temperature (p = 0.036) were more common in patients with pneumonia. X-ray changes in patients with PTB were located in the upper fields (p = 0.001), or appeared to be bilateral (p = 0.004). The strongest predictor associated with an increased risk of night sweats was diagnosed PTB (OR = 30.0). The chest pain was a predictor of pneumonia, unilateral changes (OR = 4.65) in the lower lung fields (OR = 0.08). Conclusion. Night sweats, weight loss and chest X-ray abnormalities in upper fields were significant indicators of PTB. Chest pain, fever and chest X-ray abnormalities in lower fields were significant indicators of pneumonia. © 2019, Inst. Sci. inf., Univ. Defence in Belgrade. All rights reserved.

Introduction/Objective Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a developmental vascular proliferative disorder in premature children’s incompletely vascularized retina. Many factors slow down or prevent the normal development of retinal vascularization in premature babies. The aim of our study was to examine the risk factors in premature infants of gestational age (GA) of 25–36 weeks associated with the occurrence of severe ROP. Methods The study was cross-sectional. The research included patients monitored by a screening program for ROP, i.e. prematurely born children with a body weight mass (BMW) ≤ 2000 g, and/or GA of ≤ 36 weeks. Results Statistically significant differences were observed between the ROP and the control group in the mean values of GA, BWM at birth, Apgar score, and days of oxygen therapy. Also, frequencies of respiratory distress syndrome expression, broncho-pulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhages, and require-ment for mechanical ventilation were statistically significantly different between the two analyzed groups. Conclusion Our work confirmed that low GA and low BWM are already accepted risk factors for ROP. The presence of perinatal asphyxia, the length of oxygen administration and assisted ventilation are significantly associated with the appearance of active forms of retinopathy. Sepsis and anemia were shown to be significantly associated with more severe forms of retinopathy, while hyperbilirubinemia was approximately present in both examined groups. More severe forms of intraventricular hemorrhages and necrotic enterocolitis are significantly more common in children with active retinopathy. © 2024, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

Introduction. Congenital uveal ectropion (CEU) is a rare, non-progressive condition often accompanied with eyelid ptosis, anterior insertion of the iris, disgenesis of the iridocorneal angle and glaucoma. Case report. We present a case of a seven-year-old girl with a congential unilateral uveal ectropion and a secondary glaucoma which had daily variations from 13 up to 50 mm Hg. The patient had no other abnormalities of the iris or underlying systemic diseases. Introduced local anti-glaucomatous therapy initially normalized intraocular pressure (IOP), but failed to provide long term normalisation. Trabeculectomy normalized the IOP which resulted in the reduction of the cup/disc ratio and restitution of neuroretinal rim. The rim area increased to 1.716 mm2 (0.958 mm2 preoperative) rim volume, was 0.666 mm3 (0.195 mm3 preoperative) while cupdisc (C/D) ratio decreased to 0.330 (0.626 preoperative) as well as linear C/D=0.574 (0.791 preoperative). Neuroretinal rim (NR) was preoperatively preserved in the Ti segment, damaged in T, Ts, N, Ns segments, and borderline in the Ni segment. Postoperatively, neuroretinal rim was preserved in all segments. Conclusion. In the presented case trabeculectomy induced recovery of the nerve tissue of the optic nerve head which was confirmed by Haidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT II). The treatment results have been maintained during the follow-up period of nine years without topical or systemic antiglaucomatous therapy. Although CEU is a non-progressive and benign eye disease, associated glaucoma can cause severe optic nerve damage if not detected early and treated properly. As can be seen in the presented case, an adequate treatment can prevent and even reverse optic disc neuropathy. © 2018, Inst. Sci. inf., Univ. Defence in Belgrade. All rights reserved.

Background/Aim. Randomization allows for study groups to be formed so that they are similar in all characteristics except outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of randomization methods and their effect on achieving baseline balance in cluster randomized studies conducted in schools. Methods. A literature search of the Medline bibliographic database showed that the total number of collected articles in the full text was 343, out of which 81 were eligible for inclusion. Each publication was reviewed by two independent reviewers, and data were extracted and analyzed. Results. Stratification was the most commonly applied randomization method, reported in 28 trials (34.6%). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of subjects and clusters, as well as in cluster size between trial groups in studies in which simple randomization was applied. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the number of subjects and clusters between groups in trials in which restricted randomization methods were used. Yet, there was no difference in the cluster size. Conclusion. Although there is no difference in the size of clusters between trial arms, either at the level of the entire sample or in relation to randomization methods applied, additional research should be conducted on a larger sample in order to establish the effect of randomization methods on baseline balance, when the size of clusters is in question. © The Author(s) 2022.

Having in mind that ophthalmologists are coping with the problems of optimizing uveitis treatment on daily basis, there is a need for more precise elaboration of the treatment. This paper presents recommendations for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis on the basis of professional opinion, years of clinical experience in uveitology, and reference data. The recommendations are based on the SUN and IUSG criteria and are aimed at the development of a treatment algorithm. The treatment of non-infectious uveitis implies the management of acute attack, prevention of relapse and resolution of sequelae. Three treatment steps are identified: (1) the use of corticosteroids; (2) immunosuppressants and (3) biologicals. Each of the steps is associated with pertinent indications, dosage and the mode of administration. The treatment approach is based on etiology and severity of the disease as well as the inflammatory process level of activity. Corticosteroids are most commonly used as the first line of uveitis treatment. However, in more severe, refractory forms and because of associated local and systemic side effects, as well as dose-dependence, corticosteroids have been increasingly replaced with immunosuppressants and/or biological agents. © 2018, Serbian Medical Society. All right reserved.

Introduction. Tacrolimus (fujimycin or FK506) is a potent immunosuppressive drug with growing usage. It is usually used in the prevention of transplanted organ rejection. Its use is highly valuable, but like other immunosuppressants, it has adverse effects. One of them is optic neuropathy. Case report. A 47-year-old male patient, who had received tacrolimus therapy for nine years after kidney transplantation, developed a subacute, painless vision loss in both eyes. He was thoroughly examined on different possible optic neuropathies and other causes of vision loss. After exclusion of other possible causes, the diagnosis of toxic optic neuropathy was established. The patient’s therapy was converted to cyclosporine by his nephrologist, but his vision had improved only slightly. Conclusion. Toxic optic neuropathies are presented in everyday ophthalmological practice, but they are underestimated. Diagnosis can be demanding, especially when it comes to drugs and substances whose possible toxic effect on the optic nerve is not widely known. Unlike other adverse effects of tacrolimus therapy on the nervous system, optic neuropathy can cause great and permanent functional impairment. © 2022 Inst. Sci. inf., Univ. Defence in Belgrade. All rights reserved.