Browsing by Author "Gledovic, Zorana (6603289215)"

The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of tuberculosis (TB) in Serbia in the period 1992-2002 based on incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life years (DALY). The average age-adjusted TB incidence rate in the period 1992-2002 was 36.7/100,000 in males and 21.4/100,000 in females. During the period observed, TB incidence levelled of after a long period of decreasing trend during the preceding several decades. The incidence showed slightly increasing tendency in males and decreasing one in females. The average age-adjusted mortality rate was 4.1/100,000 in males and 1.3/100,000 in females. Mortality rates significantly decreased in both males (P = .0001) and females (P = .0001). The burden of TB (DALY) was 0.70/1000 for males and 0.26/1000 for females. DALY rates significantly decreased in both males (P = .009) and females (P = .008). TB incidence and mortality as well as DALY rates increased with aging. © 2006 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc.

The objective of this study was to establish the tuberculosis incidence and mortality in children in Serbia in the period 1992-2002. There were 280 reported cases. The average annual incidence rate was 1.79/100,000 (95% confidence interval, 0.92-3.13). The rate was higher in girls than in boys. Eleven children died. The average annual mortality rate was 0.10/100,000 (95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.56). The mortality rates for both boys and girls were higher in the age group 0-4 years than in older age group. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

The aim of this study was to investigate factors related to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Belgrade. A case-control study was conducted during 2006-2007. The study group consisted of 100 newly diagnosed osteoporosis patients and 100 age-matched controls (±2 years). The inclusion criteria for the case group were newly diagnosed osteoporosis confirmed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and being menopausal (at least 2 years of amenorrhea). The inclusion criteria for the control group were postmenopausal women with confirmed normal bone mineral density of the lumbar spine by dual-energy X ray absorptiometry. All study participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. The following factors were significantly independently related to osteoporosis: low body weight (P < 0.001), thin constitution in childhood (P = 0.002), history of previous fracture (P = 0.033), menopause at age <47 years (P < 0.001), family history of fracture (P = 0.005), and less frequent consumption of cheese (P = 0.027) and fish (P = 0.020). The majority of factors identified may be modifiable and could be influenced to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Objective: Lyme borreliosis is vector-borne zoonosis. The causative agent of Lyme borreliosis is a spirochete of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) sensu lato complex, which is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. The aim of our paper is to estimate the prevalence of I. ricinus ticks, the level of their infectivity by Bb, and the prevalence of certain genospecies of Bb sensu lato in ixodide ticks inhabiting Belgrade. Materials and Methods: An estimate of the tick population density was expressed by the value of flag/hour. For isolation and cultivation of Borrelia, selective Barbour-Stonner-Kelly II media was used. Typization of Borrelia was made by applying the species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In statistical analysis, X2 test was used. Results: Values of flag/hour have varied in relation to year observed and type of habitat: The lowest values were recorded in the city parks (17.9). The values were higher in parks-woods (19.7 and 33.4, respectively). The highest values were detected in localities similar to wooded areas (48.0). The estimated average infestation of ticks with Bb was 21.9%, excluding statistically significant differences by years of investigation. We found the dominance of Borrelia afzelii (75%). Bb sensu stricto (22.2%) as well as Borrelia garinii (2.8%) was much less present. Statistically significant difference was established in the prevalence of the above-mentioned genospecies in relation to the examined localities. Conclusions: We have established the prevalence of all three genospecies in the city of Belgrade. Bb sensu lato was found, with the dominance of B. afzelii. © Copyright 2010, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc..

Objective: Lyme borreliosis is vector-borne zoonosis. The causative agent of Lyme borreliosis is a spirochete of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) sensu lato complex, which is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. The aim of our paper is to estimate the prevalence of I. ricinus ticks, the level of their infectivity by Bb, and the prevalence of certain genospecies of Bb sensu lato in ixodide ticks inhabiting Belgrade. Materials and Methods: An estimate of the tick population density was expressed by the value of flag/hour. For isolation and cultivation of Borrelia, selective Barbour-Stonner-Kelly II media was used. Typization of Borrelia was made by applying the species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In statistical analysis, X2 test was used. Results: Values of flag/hour have varied in relation to year observed and type of habitat: The lowest values were recorded in the city parks (17.9). The values were higher in parks-woods (19.7 and 33.4, respectively). The highest values were detected in localities similar to wooded areas (48.0). The estimated average infestation of ticks with Bb was 21.9%, excluding statistically significant differences by years of investigation. We found the dominance of Borrelia afzelii (75%). Bb sensu stricto (22.2%) as well as Borrelia garinii (2.8%) was much less present. Statistically significant difference was established in the prevalence of the above-mentioned genospecies in relation to the examined localities. Conclusions: We have established the prevalence of all three genospecies in the city of Belgrade. Bb sensu lato was found, with the dominance of B. afzelii. © Copyright 2010, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc..

Aim: To establish the role of specified risk factors in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus in Serbia. Methods: The hospital based casecontrol study included 102 newly diagnosed patients with squamous cell esophageal cancer and the same number of age and sex matched hospital controls. In the analysis of data conditional univarate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied. Results: The factors significantly related to cancer of esophagus were: smoking (OR=2.0, 95%CI 1.0-4.2), daily consumption of hard liquor (OR=7.5, 95%CI 2.8-20.0), low educational level (OR=4.7, 95%CI 2.2-10.0), occupational exposure to chemicals (OR=3.7, 95%CI 1.6-9.0), malignant tumors in family history (OR=3.6, 95%CI 1.6-9.0), consumption of wine (OR=0.1, 95%CI 0.1-0.3,) and non-carbonated beverages (OR=0.3, 95%CI 0.2-0.7). Conclusions: Hard liquor and tobacco appear to be the important risk factors for development of squamous cell esophageal cancer in Serbia, whereas wine and noncarbonated beverages may play a protective role. Copyright © 2007 by Indian Society of Gastroenterology.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate tuberculosis incidence and mortality trends in Central Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Vojvodina provinces) in the period 1956- 1996. DESIGN: The incidence and mortality data of tuberculosis in Central Serbia in the period 1956-1996 were analysed based on the annual reports of the Institute for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis in Belgrade and the official data of the Republic Health Institute. RESULTS: During the period under observation, tuberculosis incidence decreased from 324.0 to 34.8/100000 population, fitting the exponential model (y = 389.066e -0.0689 ; F = 847.60; P = 0.000). Mortality rates decreased from 76.0 in 1956 to 0.9/100000 in 1982. Over the whole period (1956-1996) the decrease in mortality rates fitted the exponential model (y = 66.83e -0.0922 ; F = 150.95; P = 0.000). The increase in mortality rates in the period 1982-1996 fitted cubic model (y = 7.647 - 2.674x + 0.359x 2 - 0.013x 3 ; F = 12.17; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Decreasing trends in tuberculosis incidence are the result of good control programmes. Changes in mortality trends are related to migration from war zones and poor economic conditions which hinder the detection and treatment of tuberculosis.