Browsing by Author "Etemadi, Arash (7004686554)"
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Publication Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2022) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800) ;Compton, Kelly (57205330541) ;Dean, Frances E. (57211949247) ;Fu, Weijia (57218882680) ;Gaw, Brian L. (57405726000) ;Harvey, James D. (57196074369) ;Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline (57219861283) ;Lu, Dan (59057346200) ;Pennini, Alyssa (57210820174) ;Xu, Rixing (57204186670) ;Ababneh, Emad (57210792873) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Elsalam, Sherief M. (57189845325) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abedi, Aidin (56673854800) ;Abidi, Hassan (36769387800) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (57211604149) ;Advani, Shailesh M. (56841222900) ;Afzal, Muhammad Sohail (56009310800) ;Aghaali, Mohammad (38860949800) ;Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku (57194684030) ;Ahmad, Sajjad (57218961022) ;Ahmad, Tauseef (57214283386) ;Ahmadi, Ali (57193998515) ;Ahmadi, Sepideh (58189812000) ;Ahmed Rashid, Tarik (57023479100) ;Ahmed Salih, Yusra (57226834461) ;Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse (56905441600) ;Aklilu, Addis (56450972500) ;Akram, Tayyaba (57208951047) ;Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet (57214884531) ;Al Hamad, Hanadi (56955516200) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500) ;Ali, Saqib (7403094290) ;Alimohamadi, Yousef (56069375900) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Alkhayyat, Motasem (57191475872) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Almasri, Nihad A. (35301840000) ;Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali Ali (36023535700) ;Almustanyir, Sami (57217589155) ;Alonso, Nivaldo (7004026436) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Amu, Hubert (57190183918) ;Anbesu, Etsay Woldu (57219860911) ;Ancuceanu, Robert (35728302200) ;Ansari, Fereshteh (56478531800) ;Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza (57192807651) ;Antwi, Maxwell Hubert (57224904063) ;Anvari, Davood (57201259536) ;Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward (57192947419) ;Aqeel, Muhammad (57192083161) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Arab-Zozani, Morteza (57210284593) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Ariffin, Hany (7004238528) ;Aripov, Timur (35104283700) ;Arshad, Muhammad (25722979300) ;Artaman, Al (57217223811) ;Arulappan, Judie (57224210161) ;Asemi, Zatollah (36738697900) ;Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad (57226675591) ;Ashraf, Tahira (56366752600) ;Atorkey, Prince (57218950488) ;Aujayeb, Avinash (6504403791) ;Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907) ;Awedew, Atalel Fentahun (57216741537) ;Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina (55598298700) ;Ayenew, Temesgen (57202544869) ;Azab, Mohammed A. (57202323253) ;Azadnajafabad, Sina (57219389837) ;Azari Jafari, Amirhossein (56084531100) ;Azarian, Ghasem (57220306214) ;Azzam, Ahmed Y. (57208274797) ;Badiye, Ashish D. (56340201200) ;Bahadory, Saeed (57208205157) ;Baig, Atif Amin (49460999600) ;Baker, Jennifer L. (8705509600) ;Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar (56640778400) ;Banach, Maciej (22936699500) ;Bärnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900) ;Barone-Adesi, Francesco (8722189200) ;Barra, Fabio (57201953956) ;Barrow, Amadou (57217061576) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal (55639511900) ;Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint (55932461200) ;Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint (57209397638) ;Bhagat, Devidas S. (57327243700) ;Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth (56398498300) ;Bhardwaj, Nikha (57221591832) ;Bhardwaj, Pankaj (57226841442) ;Bhaskar, Sonu (57192268582) ;Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266) ;Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S. (55989506600) ;Bibi, Sadia (57524553300) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Biondi, Antonio (57226837403) ;Bisignano, Catherine (57211140934) ;Bjorge, Tone (7004208100) ;Bleyer, Archie (57192109538) ;Blyuss, Oleg (56020531500) ;Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi (57218336464) ;Bolla, Srinivasa Rao (23048516100) ;Braithwaite, Dejana (7006987079) ;Brar, Amanpreet (57675605800) ;Brenner, Hermann (7201832825) ;Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa (6506392089) ;Butt, Nadeem Shafique (7003613681) ;Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739) ;Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano (56373058500) ;Cao, Yin (55270204400) ;Carreras, Giulia (57221176357) ;Catalá-López, Ferrán (57202553733) ;Cembranel, Francieli (55867592900) ;Cerin, Ester (14522064200) ;Cernigliaro, Achille (12787090100) ;Chakinala, Raja Chandra (57190575127) ;Chattu, Soosanna Kumary (57209796729) ;Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500) ;Chaturvedi, Pankaj (35547314900) ;Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel (57217262222) ;Cho, Daniel Youngwhan (57192666710) ;Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533) ;Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300) ;Chung, Michael T. (55551050400) ;Conde, Joao (56992468300) ;Cortés, Sanda (55659922800) ;Cortesi, Paolo Angelo (57200306512) ;Costa, Vera Marisa (17134373000) ;Cunha, Amanda Ramos (57214078354) ;Dadras, Omid (57205721978) ;Dagnew, Amare Belachew (57194785365) ;Dahlawi, Saad M.A. (57189234459) ;Dai, Xiaochen (57221591169) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Darwesh, Aso Mohammad (57199749880) ;das Neves, José (57208073193) ;De la Hoz, Fernando Pio (23134262800) ;Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh (57207453281) ;Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar (25228198700) ;Dhamnetiya, Deepak (56884613200) ;Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane (57201374139) ;Dhimal, Meghnath (54941157300) ;Dianatinasab, Mostafa (57281638900) ;Diaz, Daniel (56644152500) ;Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000) ;Do, Huyen Phuc (57200737094) ;Doaei, Saeid (56016552900) ;Dorostkar, Fariba (57214882995) ;dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter (57197830836) ;Driscoll, Tim Robert (7005928308) ;Ebrahimi, Hedyeh (57195329214) ;Eftekharzadeh, Sahar (57192113055) ;El Tantawi, Maha (57214851491) ;El-Abid, Hassan (59138919700) ;Elbarazi, Iffat (58509635500) ;Elhabashy, Hala Rashad (34869491800) ;Elhadi, Muhammed (57212082248) ;El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. (34869528300) ;Eshrati, Babak (16030619200) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz (56450483600) ;Etemadi, Arash (7004686554) ;Ezzikouri, Sayeh (16836144700) ;Faisaluddin, Mohammed (57204007767) ;Faraon, Emerito Jose A. (57195414019) ;Fares, Jawad (55606854400) ;Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611) ;Feroze, Abdullah Hamid (47161109900) ;Ferrero, Simone (57190137236) ;Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo (57201549628) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Fisher, James L. (7404013876) ;Foroutan, Masoud (58948371300) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Gaal, Peter Andras (55966171600) ;Gad, Mohamed M. (57203749611) ;Gadanya, Muktar A. (25957587400) ;Gallus, Silvano (7005387365) ;Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana (57363275600) ;Getachew Obsa, Abera (57356847100) ;Ghafourifard, Mansour (57193420915) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Ghith, Nermin (55249750100) ;Gholamalizadeh, Maryam (56017715600) ;Gilani, Syed Amir (37008269900) ;Ginindza, Themba G. (24468039800) ;Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T. (57193237477) ;Glasbey, James C. (57195948986) ;Golechha, Mahaveer (36006347600) ;Goleij, Pouya (57217533849) ;Gomez, Ricardo Santiago (7402250311) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Gorini, Giuseppe (56509988200) ;Goudarzi, Houman (55606092000) ;Grosso, Giuseppe (57196998256) ;Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen (57210795029) ;Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro (56818011600) ;Guha, Avirup (56201612900) ;Gunasekera, D. Sanjeeva (6701450084) ;Gupta, Bhawna (56763353100) ;Gupta, Veer Bala (57194978364) ;Gupta, Vivek Kumar (35073936800) ;Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma (57200298415) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Haider, Mohammad Rifat (56660365700) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Halwani, Rabih (15065354400) ;Hamadeh, Randah R. (57202769526) ;Hameed, Sajid (57225330442) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Hanif, Asif (55360052800) ;Haque, Shafiul (35793732800) ;Harlianto, Netanja I. (57218510727) ;Haro, Josep Maria (57215877903) ;Hasaballah, Ahmed I. (56002305300) ;Hassanipour, Soheil (57191513993) ;Hay, Roderick J. (56785229200) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Hayat, Khezar (57219918947) ;Heidari, Golnaz (57218883864) ;Heidari, Mohammad (56494430400) ;Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana (57204618451) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Hezam, Kamal (57199187791) ;Holla, Ramesh (55270371800) ;Hossain, Md Mahbub (57207311791) ;Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain (36028425500) ;Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar (57209828879) ;Hosseini, Mostafa (57204569481) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Hostiuc, Mihaela (51763789200) ;Hostiuc, Sorin (24829099800) ;Househ, Mowafa (8667908000) ;Hsairi, Mohamed (57209033943) ;Huang, Junjie (57199198962) ;Hugo, Fernando N. (13403199800) ;Hussain, Rabia (7103224786) ;Hussein, Nawfal R. (24766000100) ;Hwang, Bing-Fang (7201453928) ;Iavicoli, Ivo (6603685479) ;Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel (57212027408) ;Ida, Fidelia (57218557641) ;Ikuta, Kevin S. (57211541916) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Irena M. (57210823522) ;Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394) ;Irham, Lalu Muhammad (57195464918) ;Islam, Jessica Y. (26032107000) ;Islam, Rakibul M. (57205202128) ;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100) ;Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah (57885381900) ;Isola, Gaetano (25825125500) ;Iwagami, Masao (54381883100) ;Jacob, Louis (56779678900) ;Jain, Vardhmaan (57208149266) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B. (14318929700) ;Javaheri, Tahereh (36102883000) ;Jayaram, Shubha (57221589240) ;Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad (55260694800) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Joo, Tamas (57214777013) ;Joseph, Nitin (35292547200) ;Joukar, Farahnaz (26024213000) ;Jürisson, Mikk (55547524800) ;Kabir, Ali (23050698400) ;Kahrizi, Danial (15725585500) ;Kalankesh, Leila R. (12796418600) ;Kalhor, Rohollah (55670548600) ;Kaliyadan, Feroze (16836323500) ;Kalkonde, Yogeshwar (57211874790) ;Kamath, Ashwin (35724313100) ;Kameran Al-Salihi, Nawzad (24576701300) ;Kandel, Himal (57226834655) ;Kapoor, Neeti (56340726700) ;Karch, André (55917217700) ;Kasa, Ayele Semachew (57203538861) ;Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal (6508254091) ;Kauppila, Joonas H. (37665210400) ;Kavetskyy, Taras (57220358576) ;Kebede, Sewnet Adem (57215661049) ;Keshavarz, Pedram (57209008531) ;Keykhaei, Mohammad (57208162861) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khalilov, Rovshan (57193308858) ;Khan, Gulfaraz (6701635515) ;Khan, Maseer (57215721758) ;Khan, Md Nuruzzaman (57209404949) ;Khan, Moien A.B. (57209800900) ;Khang, Young-Ho (57198904674) ;Khater, Amir M. (57211138055) ;Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295) ;Kim, Gyu Ri (57204396981) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna (6508376962) ;Kopec, Jacek A. (7006284395) ;Koteeswaran, Rajasekaran (56685819200) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi (57196152832) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kucuk Bicer, Burcu (57204528360) ;Kugbey, Nuworza (57195398167) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kumar, Narinder (8215803600) ;Kumar, Nithin (36678889900) ;Kurmi, Om P. (23389886800) ;Kutluk, Tezer (20934856000) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Landires, Iván (15063040000) ;Lauriola, Paolo (7004129174) ;Lee, Sang-Woong (57193130569) ;Lee, Shaun Wen Huey (35201185800) ;Lee, Wei-Chen (57394248700) ;Lee, Yo Han (57193632340) ;Leigh, James (7202089604) ;Leong, Elvynna (56462346200) ;Li, Jiarui (57205664641) ;Li, Ming-Chieh (56144176300) ;Liu, Xuefeng (37050047900) ;Loureiro, Joana A. (55851941412) ;Lunevicius, Raimundas (57216165063) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed (57201191366) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Makki, Alaa (57224607101) ;Male, Shilpa (57404584000) ;Malik, Ahmad Azam (57198682313) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Martini, Santi (57162600900) ;Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra (55769011500) ;Mathur, Prashant (7201845777) ;McKee, Martin (7202304775) ;Mehrotra, Ravi (7203045563) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900) ;Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku (57216203521) ;Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal (57204623773) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Miao Jonasson, Junmei (35875296300) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Miazgowski, Tomasz (6701404689) ;Michalek, Irmina Maria (56982945900) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Mirzaei, Hamed (37034594600) ;Mirzaei, Hamid Reza (57218466685) ;Misra, Sanjeev (35501005200) ;Mithra, Prasanna (36018632500) ;Moghadaszadeh, Masoud (57200791890) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710) ;Mohammadi, Mokhtar (57188972365) ;Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh (57190491827) ;Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah (55602206500) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Moka, Nagabhishek (35764778400) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Molokhia, Mariam (7004121920) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moni, Mohammad Ali (35119094400) ;Moosavi, Mohammad Amin (8677868300) ;Moradi, Yousef (55338348700) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana (57204560697) ;Morrison, Shane Douglas (45661573100) ;Mosapour, Abbas (16425956900) ;Mubarik, Sumaira (57202290474) ;Mwanri, Lillian (6603154148) ;Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074) ;Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad (55540895500) ;Nagata, Chie (50061824800) ;Naimzada, Mukhammad David (57209744761) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Naqvi, Atta Abbas (56501393600) ;Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas (57226829643) ;Ndejjo, Rawlance (56586121600) ;Nduaguba, Sabina O. (57192167101) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Negru, Serban Mircea (6602216697) ;Neupane Kandel, Sandhya (57195980450) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Niazi, Robina Khan (57204666021) ;Nnaji, Chukwudi A. (57204873792) ;Noor, Nurulamin M. (57201949165) ;Nunez-Samudio, Virginia (15063201000) ;Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe (57217058740) ;Oancea, Bogdan (26658614800) ;Ochir, Chimedsuren (37661993800) ;Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade (55356642300) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57217186813) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun (55251697700) ;Omar, Emad (57227106800) ;Omar Bali, Ahmed (57201273344) ;Omonisi, Abidemi E. Emmanuel (36103029000) ;Ong, Sokking (36614524300) ;Onwujekwe, Obinna E. (7003992855) ;Orru, Hans (14621909500) ;Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V. (6505938824) ;Otstavnov, Nikita (57202947262) ;Otstavnov, Stanislav S. (57204561394) ;Owolabi, Mayowa O. (57222581892) ;P A, Mahesh (57195664371) ;Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300) ;Pakshir, Keyvan (15838075900) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Panagiotakos, Demosthenes (7005977027) ;Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra (6603112353) ;Pardhan, Shahina (7003706887) ;Park, Eun-Cheol (57208356854) ;Park, Eun-Kee (57216814178) ;Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh (57219776266) ;Patel, Harsh K. (57199391457) ;Patel, Jenil R. (57192938144) ;Pati, Siddhartha (57405230600) ;Pattanshetty, Sanjay M. (35339480100) ;Paudel, Uttam (56600660600) ;Pereira, David M. (57200690024) ;Pereira, Renato B. (55802371953) ;Perianayagam, Arokiasamy (15053062900) ;Pillay, Julian David (57197803061) ;Pirouzpanah, Saeed (57212676962) ;Pishgar, Farhad (56676403900) ;Podder, Indrashis (56347339700) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Pourjafar, Hadi (54881252100) ;Prashant, Akila (16040597000) ;Preotescu, Liliana (36011288800) ;Rabiee, Mohammad (24587922100) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal (7103113006) ;Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman (34873452800) ;Rafiee, Ata (56912119000) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimzadeh, Shadi (48061460300) ;Rahman, Mosiur (55457953000) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rahmani, Amir Masoud (57204588830) ;Rajai, Nazanin (57203222349) ;Rajesh, Aashish (57193435213) ;Rakovac, Ivo (57201180617) ;Ram, Pradhum (55961669800) ;Ramezanzadeh, Kiana (57200621924) ;Ranabhat, Kamal (56622984700) ;Ranasinghe, Priyanga (6602322079) ;Rao, Chythra R. (35771430100) ;Rao, Sowmya J. (57195423591) ;Rawassizadeh, Reza (36634807900) ;Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh (57203060460) ;Renzaho, Andre M.N. (6505786588) ;Rezaei, Negar (57218820767) ;Rezaei, Nima (57216077273) ;Rezapour, Aziz (55548281300) ;Roberts, Thomas J. (57190111163) ;Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia (22936575000) ;Rohloff, Peter (55533870500) ;Romoli, Michele (56592186200) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Rwegerera, Godfrey M. (56033523400) ;Manjula, S. (57405727400) ;Sabour, Siamak (16307842100) ;Saddik, Basema (23020079300) ;Saeed, Umar (36612315100) ;Sahebkar, Amirhossein (26639699900) ;Sahoo, Harihar (44462008100) ;Salehi, Sana (57209618440) ;Salem, Marwa Rashad (57194137372) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Samaei, Mehrnoosh (57225273791) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Sankararaman, Senthilkumar (57210591338) ;Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Sardiwalla, Yaeesh (57193918094) ;Sarveazad, Arash (54882387000) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Sawhney, Monika (57217153893) ;Saylan, Mete (57217153417) ;Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola (57201292772) ;Sekerija, Mario (30268005400) ;Seylani, Allen (57222325334) ;Shafaat, Omid (55567483500) ;Shaghaghi, Zahra (37100372300) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shamsoddin, Erfan (57208402503) ;Shannawaz, Mohammed (56349680200) ;Sharma, Rajesh (58228412600) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Sheikhbahaei, Sara (57219637352) ;Shetty, Adithi (57315189400) ;Shetty, Jeevan K. (15844347300) ;Shetty, Pavanchand H. (56366875300) ;Shibuya, Kenji (8948057900) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Shivakumar, K.M. (57221603938) ;Shivarov, Velizar (15623607900) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K. (57208838253) ;Silva, Diego Augusto Santos (36985158000) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. 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(8549393000) ;Yousefi, Zabihollah (9743306100) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yuce, Deniz (57514476300) ;Yunusa, Ismaeel (57202137670) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zare, Fariba (57189627158) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zastrozhina, Anasthasia (57210832491) ;Zhang, Jianrong (56966801100) ;Zhong, Chenwen (59289905900) ;Zhou, Linghui (57200969310) ;Zhu, Cong (57215121592) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zimmermann, Ivan R. (55907922000) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Murray, Christopher J.L. (57224556036)Force, Lisa M. (57188548035)IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. © 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2022) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800) ;Compton, Kelly (57205330541) ;Dean, Frances E. (57211949247) ;Fu, Weijia (57218882680) ;Gaw, Brian L. (57405726000) ;Harvey, James D. (57196074369) ;Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline (57219861283) ;Lu, Dan (59057346200) ;Pennini, Alyssa (57210820174) ;Xu, Rixing (57204186670) ;Ababneh, Emad (57210792873) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Elsalam, Sherief M. (57189845325) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abedi, Aidin (56673854800) ;Abidi, Hassan (36769387800) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (57211604149) ;Advani, Shailesh M. 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(8549393000) ;Yousefi, Zabihollah (9743306100) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yuce, Deniz (57514476300) ;Yunusa, Ismaeel (57202137670) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zare, Fariba (57189627158) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zastrozhina, Anasthasia (57210832491) ;Zhang, Jianrong (56966801100) ;Zhong, Chenwen (59289905900) ;Zhou, Linghui (57200969310) ;Zhu, Cong (57215121592) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zimmermann, Ivan R. (55907922000) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Murray, Christopher J.L. (57224556036)Force, Lisa M. (57188548035)IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. © 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Department of Error: Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2020) 395(10239) (1779–1801), (S0140673620301148), (10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30114-8))(2020) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Troeger, Christopher E. (57195223624) ;Earl, Lucas (57190371340) ;Munro, Sandra B. (7004622934) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Getaneh (57202422848) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adham, Davoud (55346682700) ;Adhena, Beyene Meressa (57322512000) ;Afarideh, Mohsen (56227034300) ;Ahmadi, Keivan (59396073300) ;Ahmadi, Mehdi (16644923000) ;Ahmed, Anwar E. (58205901100) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Ahmed, Rushdia (57195530549) ;Ajumobi, Olufemi (14033771400) ;Akal, Chalachew Genet (57205385708) ;Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie (57203189637) ;Akanda, Ali S. (35290419100) ;Alamene, Genet Melak (57211135938) ;Alanzi, Turki M. (55978240000) ;Albright, James R. 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Publication Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2020) ;Abbafati, Cristiana (54917122400) ;Abbas, Kaja M. (57190285707) ;Abbasi, Mohammad (57221004192) ;Abbasifard, Mitra (37053407900) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahi, Mohammad (57940559800) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abedi, Aidin (56673854800) ;Abedi, Parisa (57219860997) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Abosetugn, Akine Eshete (57041277200) ;Aboyans, Victor (56214736500) ;Abrams, Elissa M. (53363080800) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid (57218875672) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. 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(57193559189) ;Gezae, Kebede Embaye (57204561611) ;Ghadimi, Maryam (57209366529) ;Ghadiri, Keyghobad (55409170000) ;Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh (55951262400) ;Ghafourifard, Mansour (57193420915) ;Ghajar, Alireza (56226089600) ;Ghamari, Farhad (12768248900) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Ghiasvand, Hesam (55189493300) ;Ghith, Nermin (55249750100) ;Gholamian, Asadollah (55627535500) ;Ghosh, Rakesh (36448139200) ;Giampaoli, Simona (55168056600) ;Gilani, Syed Amir (37008269900) ;Gill, Paramjit Singh (7202766660) ;Gill, Tiffany K. (8545441900) ;Gillum, Richard F. (7103181331) ;Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed (57192378390) ;Ginindza, Themba G. (24468039800) ;Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan (55954313300) ;Giussani, Giorgia (57200843076) ;Glagn, Mustefa (57218881480) ;Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna (57208983629) ;Gnedovskaya, Elena V. 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(57220096578) ;Kasa, Ayele Semachew (57203538861) ;Kassa, Getachew Mullu (56229895500) ;Kassebaum, Nicholas J. (57202562224) ;Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal (6508254091) ;Kawakami, Norito (35377339000) ;Kayode, Gbenga A. (53463867400) ;Kazemi Karyani, Ali (56664511600) ;Keddie, Suzanne H. (57209294800) ;Keiyoro, Peter Njenga (57203177260) ;Keller, Cathleen (57222513603) ;Kemmer, Laura (57205017265) ;Kendrick, Parkes J. (57217087655) ;Kereselidze, Maia (55659152900) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif (55608324700) ;Khalid, Nauman (57204561542) ;Khammarnia, Mohammad (55804349000) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Gulfaraz (6701635515) ;Khan, Maseer (57215721758) ;Khang, Young-Ho (57198904674) ;Khatab, Khaled (27267685100) ;Khater, Amir M. (57211138055) ;Khater, Mona M. (57203308114) ;Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli (25825057100) ;Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295) ;Khazaei, Salman (55420466900) ;Khazaie, Habibolah (24279942000) ;Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi (57189642962) ;Khoja, Abdullah T. (57194229795) ;Khubchandani, Jagdish (57211720011) ;Khundkar, Roba (24724609400) ;Kianipour, Neda (56564004200) ;Kieling, Christian (57218820714) ;Kim, Cho-Il (57199973023) ;Kim, Daniel (57223019104) ;Kim, Young-Eun (59475314200) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kimokoti, Ruth W. (8647554600) ;Kinfu, Yohannes (12770281900) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna (6508376962) ;Kissoon, Niranjan (7006364038) ;Kivimäki, Mika (7004391239) ;Kneib, Cameron J. (57210614083) ;Knibbs, Luke D. (16313525200) ;Knight, Megan (57218877591) ;Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo (57192966362) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800) ;Kochhar, Sonali (57214107714) ;Koh, David S.Q. (7103039121) ;Kohler, Stefan (57865525700) ;Kolola, Tufa (57191620788) ;Komaki, Hamidreza (56712484800) ;Kopec, Jacek A. (7006284395) ;Korotkova, Anna V. (6602751640) ;Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich (57203303920) ;Kosen, Soewarta (57211346192) ;Kotlo, Anirudh (57034179700) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kraemer, Moritz U.G. (56308225600) ;Kravchenko, Michael A. (57202569007) ;Krishan, Kewal (57202279708) ;Krohn, Kris J. (57194138806) ;Kromhout, Hans (57215380354) ;Shaji, K.S. (59157781100) ;Kuate Defo, Barthelemy (6602271655) ;Bicer Kucuk, Burcu (58666387600) ;Kugbey, Nuworza (57195398167) ;Kulkarni, Vaman (56265708400) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kumar, Manasi (21739940700) ;Kumar, Nithin (36678889900) ;Kumar, Pushpendra (57208849920) ;Kumar, Vivek (57459719500) ;Kumaresh, Girikumar (55815150000) ;Kurmi, Om P. (57219034567) ;Kusuma, Dian (57190047530) ;Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe (57217040073) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Lacey, Ben (7004338442) ;Lal, Dharmesh Kumar (57222488984) ;Lalloo, Ratilal (57189334553) ;Lallukka, Tea (6508300634) ;Lam, Jennifer O. (57201997930) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Lan, Qing (23970641100) ;Landires, Iván (15063040000) ;Lang, Justin J. (57189384487) ;Langan, Sinéad M. (55490520500) ;Lansingh, Van Charles (57209471470) ;Lansky, Sonia (56038709700) ;Larson, Heidi Jane (57223681247) ;Larson, Samantha Leigh (57204569813) ;Larsson, Anders O. (56381985300) ;Lasrado, Savita (36632480900) ;Lassi, Zohra S. (35769584500) ;Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming (57204566924) ;Lauriola, Paolo (7004129174) ;Lavados, Pablo M. (57188955599) ;Lazarus, Jeffrey V. (55431519100) ;Leal, Lisiane F. (57204272414) ;Leasher, Janet L. (57197789738) ;Ledesma, Jorge R. (57204449040) ;Lee, Paul H. (57200302692) ;Lee, Shaun Wen Huey (35201185800) ;Leever, Andrew T. (57204179781) ;LeGrand, Kate E. (57216789066) ;Leigh, James (7202089604) ;Leonardi, Matilde (7101854166) ;Lescinsky, Haley (57219385330) ;Leung, Janni (57214397752) ;Levi, Miriam (54893035000) ;Lewington, Sarah (6601929863) ;Li, Bingyu (57205248886) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Lim, Lee-Ling (56988527400) ;Lin, Christine (57219861546) ;Lin, Ro-Ting (15123000400) ;Linehan, Christine (6603446655) ;Linn, Shai (7102590173) ;Listl, Stefan (35759488300) ;Liu, Hung-Chun (57219861204) ;Liu, Shiwei (57209574351) ;Liu, Simin (59794164200) ;Liu, Xuefeng (37050047900) ;Liu, Yang (57202561981) ;Liu, Zichen (57210830015) ;Lo, Justin (57219861047) ;Lodha, Rakesh (7007019609) ;Logroscino, Giancarlo (7004888005) ;Looker, Katharine J. (57202553673) ;Lopez, Alan D. (57217442571) ;Lopez, Jaifred Christian F. (57204721325) ;Lopukhov, Platon D. (57191340780) ;Lorkowski, Stefan (57203677656) ;Lotufo, Paulo A. (7003331101) ;Lozano, Rafael (57570224000) ;Lu, Alton (57218878815) ;Lucas, Tim C.D. (57216683591) ;Lugo, Alessandra (55227636600) ;Lunevicius, Raimundas (57216165063) ;Lyons, Ronan A. (55574561400) ;Ma, Jianing (58040920000) ;Machado, Daiane Borges (56644244100) ;MacLachlan, Jennifer H. (55431229800) ;Madadin, Mohammed (55912631700) ;Maddison, Emilie R. (57196084094) ;Maddison, Ralph (8552158500) ;Madotto, Fabiana (16029150500) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan (57195948985) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed (57201191366) ;Mahasha, Phetole Walter (28767805500) ;Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi (55412693600) ;Mahmoudi, Morteza (24071600700) ;Mai, Hue Thi (57193029106) ;Majeed, Azeem (57217722657) ;Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N. (57197819455) ;Maled, Venkatesh (59317098500) ;Maleki, Afshin (16402422400) ;Maleki, Shokofeh (57200675775) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760) ;Malta, Deborah Carvalho (15835283500) ;Mamun, Abdullah A. (55666602500) ;Manafi, Amir (57210259848) ;Manafi, Navid (57190424904) ;Manda, Ana Laura (57204567674) ;Manguerra, Helena (57208121153) ;Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz (6602590019) ;Mansouri, Borhan (54417707600) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Mantilla Herrera, Ana M. (57192713838) ;Mapoma, Chabila Christopher (57208956832) ;Maravilla, Joemer C. (57008289000) ;Marks, Ashley (57204558704) ;Martin, Randall V. (7501381728) ;Martini, Santi (57162600900) ;Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio (57204796807) ;Martopullo, Ira (57193550189) ;Masaka, Anthony (57204084551) ;Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra (55769011500) ;Massano, João (25632444800) ;Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard (55859007400) ;Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I. (57218875426) ;Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300) ;Matsushita, Kunihiro (57202091432) ;Maulik, Pallab K. (7005919685) ;May, Erin A. (57219861462) ;Mazidi, Mohsen (57200232563) ;McAlinden, Colm (35325278500) ;McGrath, John J. (57215198193) ;McKee, Martin (7202304775) ;Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo (8530789600) ;Meharie, Birhanu Geta (57217083932) ;Mehndiratta, Man Mohan (57202557864) ;Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar (56062744400) ;Mehri, Fereshteh (57211542603) ;Mehrotra, Ravi (7203045563) ;Mehta, Kala M. (7201939418) ;Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda (57209140259) ;Mekonnen, Teferi (57215662987) ;Melese, Addisu (56901393600) ;Memiah, Peter T.N. (57217207827) ;Memish, Ziad A. (7005059350) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900) ;Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku (57216203521) ;Mengesha, Meresa Berwo (57210570181) ;Mensah, George A. (57196028147) ;Mereke, Alibek (57205595662) ;Mereta, Seid Tiku (57203628211) ;Meretoja, Atte (12775885500) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57219008708) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Miazgowski, Tomasz (6701404689) ;Michalek, Irmina Maria (56982945900) ;Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu (57214781514) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Mills, Edward J. (57205301363) ;Milne, George J. (9434770500) ;Mini, G.K. (12800865800) ;Miri, Mohammad (56938228400) ;Mirica, Andreea (57188983765) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57508336100) ;Mirzaei, Hamed (37034594600) ;Mirzaei, Maryam (56902299800) ;Mirzaei, Roya (55745833800) ;Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi (57201700997) ;Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen (57202808713) ;Mitchell, Philip B. (35354747000) ;Mithra, Prasanna (36018632500) ;Moazen, Babak (57204324006) ;Moghadaszadeh, Masoud (57200791890) ;Mohajer, Bahram (57039225300) ;Mohamad, Osama (36342663600) ;Mohamadi, Efat (57202198397) ;Mohammad, Dara K. (43161421200)Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710)Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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(57224556036)Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51–12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9–21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12–9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6–16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253–350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3–13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0–9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10–24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25–49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50–74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation: Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17(2020) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Miller-Petrie, Molly K. (56387657900) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Johnson, Kimberly B. (57207359220) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abejie, Ayenew Negesse (57203015573) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R. M. (56018773400) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Adamu, Abdu A. (57202024381) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. 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(55515807800) ;Wijeratne, Tissa (14051317700) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wolde, Haileab Fekadu (57199530258) ;Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu (57207771936) ;Wonde, Tewodros Eshete (57207759070) ;Worku, Getasew Taddesse (57218197319) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh (57207954055) ;Yamada, Tomohide (37662679800) ;Yaseri, Mehdi (23029507000) ;Yatsuya, Hiroshi (6603908304) ;Yeshaneh, Alex (57204564144) ;Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu (57212019529) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A. (56183368000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zadey, Siddhesh (57188589258) ;Moghadam, Telma Zahirian (57201718494) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zar, Heather J. (7006236599) ;Zerfu, Taddese Alemu (55358278900) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080) ;Zuniga, Yves Miel H. (57194979049) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088)Background: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. Findings: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4–40·7) to 50·3% (50·0–50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1–46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5–29·0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253 000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88·6% (95% UI 87·2–89·7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664–711) of the 1830 (1797–1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76·1% (95% UI 71·6–80·7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53·9% (50·6–59·6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017. Interpretation: Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2020) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Troeger, Christopher E. (57195223624) ;Earl, Lucas (57190371340) ;Munro, Sandra B. (7004622934) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Getaneh (57202422848) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. 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(57202115577) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Veisani, Yousef (55370882600) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vollmer, Sebastian (24460878700) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Wada, Fiseha Wadilo (57194049305) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wang, Yafeng (57208674780) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay (57211811032) ;Welgan, Catherine A. (57188448200) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wiangkham, Taweewat (56829456300) ;Wijeratne, Tissa (14051317700) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wolde, Haileab Fekadu (57199530258) ;Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu (57207771936) ;Wonde, Tewodros Eshete (57207759070) ;Wu, Ai-Min (57203702647) ;Xu, Gelin (57203583113) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein (26029029100) ;Yamada, Tomohide (37662679800) ;Yaseri, Mehdi (23029507000) ;Yenesew, Muluken Azage (39361108000) ;Yeshaneh, Alex (57204564144) ;Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu (57212019529) ;Yimer, Ebrahim M. (57204849530) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn (49664327400) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A. (56183368000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos (57193255530) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw (57193096860) ;Zepro, Nejimu Biza (57193095335) ;Zewale, Taye Abuhay (57209219258) ;Zhang, Dongyu (57216327764) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhao, Xiu-Ju (8360350900) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080)Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. Findings The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. Interpretation By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17(2020) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Johnson, Kimberly B. (57207359220) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Schaeffer, Lauren E. (57208868098) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abejie, Ayenew Negesse (57203015573) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adamu, Abdu A. (57202024381) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. 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(56183368000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zadey, Siddhesh (57188589258) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zepro, Nejimu Biza (57193095335) ;Zerfu, Taddese Alemu (55358278900) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhao, Xiu-Ju George (8360350900) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080) ;Zuniga, Yves Miel H. (57194979049) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088)Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910–68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average. Interpretation: To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers' understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication The global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2019) ;Safiri, Saeid (56009654100) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Ikuta, Kevin S. (57211541916) ;Bisignano, Catherine (57211140934) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Delavari, Alireza (14007282700) ;Ansari, Reza (58085864000) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Merat, Shahin (6603772416) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Force, Lisa M. (57188548035) ;Nixon, Molly R. (57204562047) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Afarideh, Mohsen (56227034300) ;Ahmadi, Ayat (36466047900) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Akinyemiju, Tomi (57202561503) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Ali, Raghib (57196506541) ;Alikhani, Mahtab (55210083900) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad (55665024700) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. 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(7004813962) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moossavi, Maryam (56176927500) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradpour, Farhad (55540661600) ;Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah (55179399300) ;Nahvijou, Azin (18837247000) ;Naik, Gurudatta (56020694000) ;Najafi, Farid (21743304900) ;Nazari, Javad (57207759174) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Negru, Serban (6602216697) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, Trang Huyen (59142352200) ;Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini (57195329470) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57200737136) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olagunju, Tinuke O. (57203076824) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Pereira, David M. (57200690024) ;Pirestani, Majid (24176306700) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Poustchi, Hossein (8622806500) ;Qorbani, Mostafa (24831040300) ;Rabiee, Mohammad (24587922100) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rahmati, Marveh (15061646700) ;Rajati, Fatemeh (54780507400) ;Raoofi, Samira (57210565167) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Renzaho, Andre M N. (6505786588) ;Rezaei, Nima (57216077273) ;Rezapour, Aziz (55548281300) ;Saad, Anas M. (57143724900) ;Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad (57210190791) ;Saddik, Basema (23020079300) ;Salehi, Farkhonde (57211142013) ;Zahabi, Saleh Salehi (57208184518) ;Salz, Inbal (57199623777) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Santric Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Sarveazad, Arash (54882387000) ;Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691) ;Schneider, Ione J C. (57201292772) ;Sekerija, Mario (30268005400) ;Shaahmadi, Faramarz (57193913634) ;Shabaninejad, Hosein (56047947500) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Sharafi, Zeinab (59821907300) ;Sharif, Mehdi (16022734200) ;Sharifi, Amrollah (57190882876) ;Sheikhbahaei, Sara (57219637352) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K. (57208838253) ;Silva, Diego Augusto Santos (36985158000) ;Sisay, Mekonnen (57193254700) ;Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel (23486879900) ;Soofi, Moslem (56373891000) ;Soreide, Kjetil (9233319000) ;Soshnikov, Sergey (57195195606) ;Starodubov, Vladimir I. (6701820838) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Sullman, Mark (6602352041) ;Taherkhani, Amir (57203973738) ;Tesfay, Berhe Etsay (57211142477) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Traini, Eugenio (57211137081) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Uthman, Olalekan A. (23026328100) ;Vacante, Marco (23037085900) ;Vahedian-Azimi, Amir (56942507000) ;Valli, Alessandro (35312667300) ;Varavikova, Elena (7801408611) ;Vujcic, Isidora S. (55957120100) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid (56017415700) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zahirian Moghadam, Telma (57201718494) ;Zaki, Leila (57204106631) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Murray, Christopher J L. (55481130700) ;Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323)Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760)Background: Data about the global, regional, and country-specific variations in the levels and trends of colorectal cancer are required to understand the impact of this disease and the trends in its burden to help policy makers allocate resources. Here we provide a status report on the incidence, mortality, and disability caused by colorectal cancer in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. Methods: Vital registration, sample vital registration, verbal autopsy, and cancer registry data were used to generate incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) estimates of colorectal cancer at the global, regional, and national levels. We also determined the association between development levels and colorectal cancer age-standardised DALY rates, and calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. All of the estimates are reported as counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years, with some estimates also presented by sex and 5-year age groups. Findings: In 2017, there were 1·8 million (95% UI 1·8–1·9) incident cases of colorectal cancer globally, with an age-standardised incidence rate of 23·2 (22·7–23·7) per 100 000 person-years that increased by 9·5% (4·5–13·5) between 1990 and 2017. Globally, colorectal cancer accounted for 896 000 (876 300–915 700) deaths in 2017, with an age-standardised death rate of 11·5 (11·3–11·8) per 100 000 person-years, which decreased between 1990 and 2017 (−13·5% [–18·4 to −10·0]). Colorectal cancer was also responsible for 19·0 million (18·5–19·5) DALYs globally in 2017, with an age-standardised rate of 235·7 (229·7–242·0) DALYs per 100 000 person-years, which decreased between 1990 and 2017 (−14·5% [–20·4 to −10·3]). Slovakia, the Netherlands, and New Zealand had the highest age-standardised incidence rates in 2017. Greenland, Hungary, and Slovakia had the highest age-standardised death rates in 2017. Numbers of incident cases and deaths were higher among males than females up to the ages of 80–84 years, with the highest rates observed in the oldest age group (≥95 years) for both sexes in 2017. There was a non-linear association between the Socio-demographic Index and the Healthcare Access and Quality Index and age-standardised DALY rates. In 2017, the three largest contributors to DALYs at the global level, for both sexes, were diet low in calcium (20·5% [12·9–28·9]), alcohol use (15·2% [12·1–18·3]), and diet low in milk (14·3% [5·1–24·8]). Interpretation: There is substantial global variation in the burden of colorectal cancer. Although the overall colorectal cancer age-standardised death rate has been decreasing at the global level, the increasing age-standardised incidence rate in most countries poses a major public health challenge across the world. The results of this study could be useful for policy makers to carry out cost-effective interventions and to reduce exposure to modifiable risk factors, particularly in countries with high incidence or increasing burden. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication The global, regional, and national burden of oesophageal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2020) ;Kamangar, Farin (6603901311) ;Nasrollahzadeh, Dariush (6506754374) ;Safiri, Saeid (56009654100) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G (36248136000) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Ikuta, Kevin S (57211541916) ;Bisignano, Catherine (57211140934) ;Islami, Farhad (56926442900) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Lim, Stephen S (57201800433) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Advani, Shailesh M (56841222900) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine (57195488258) ;Akinyemiju, Tomi (57202561503) ;Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet (57214884531) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Almulhim, Abdulaziz M (57214888779) ;Anber, Nahla Hamed (57202351369) ;Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza (57192807651) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Arab-Zozani, Morteza (57210284593) ;Awedew, Atalel Fentahun (57216741537) ;Badawi, Alaa (57216776029) ;Berfield, Kathleen S Sachiko (56543558900) ;Berhe, Kidanemaryam (57193112694) ;Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266) ;Biondi, Antonio (57226837403) ;Bjørge, Tone (7004208100) ;Borzì, Antonio Maria (57200199389) ;Bosetti, Cristina (7005452936) ;Carreras, Giulia (57221176357) ;Carvalho, Felix (7103070417) ;Castro, Clara (54787333700) ;Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300) ;Costa, Vera Marisa (17134373000) ;Dagnew, Baye (57208599718) ;Gela, Jiregna Darega (57200246805) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen (57204717669) ;Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam (57202214514) ;Dianatinasab, Mostafa (57281638900) ;Elbarazi, Iffat (58509635500) ;Emamian, Mohammad Hassan (55181897800) ;Etemadi, Arash (7004686554) ;Faris, Pawan Sirwan (57203120211) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Gad, Mohamed M (57203749611) ;Gallus, Silvano (7005387365) ;Gebre, Abadi Kahsu (59426751000) ;Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde (57216482917) ;Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn (57748459200) ;Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku (57191223871) ;Ghasemi-Kebria, Fatemeh (55375323600) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Ghith, Nermin (55249750100) ;Golechha, Mahaveer (36006347600) ;Gorini, Giuseppe (56509988200) ;Gupta, Rahul (57204120071) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Harvey, James D (57196074369) ;Hashemian, Maryam (42561197000) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Hay, Simon I (7101875313) ;Henok, Andualem (57196451824) ;Hoang, Chi Linh (57205123375) ;Hosgood, H Dean (56353204400) ;Househ, Mowafa (8667908000) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Milena D (7102981394) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;Jain, Charvi (57216743518) ;James, Spencer L (57202557998) ;Jee, Sun Ha (16039275900) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Joukar, Farahnaz (26024213000) ;Kabir, Ali (23050698400) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kassaw, Mesfin Wudu (57204846167) ;Kaur, Supreet (57213734521) ;Kengne, Andre Pascal (7801322838) ;Kerboua, Esma (56912435100) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khalilov, Rovshan (57193308858) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khoja, Abdullah T (57194229795) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M (56041211800) ;Komaki, Hamidreza (56712484800) ;Kumar, Vivek (57459719500) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Lasrado, Savita (36632480900) ;Li, Bingyu (57205248886) ;Lopez, Alan D (7401455668) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Manafi, Navid (57190424904) ;Manda, Ana Laura (57204567674) ;Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz (6602590019) ;Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300) ;Mehta, Varshil (57158753300) ;Mehta, Dhruv (26645028900) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Mithra, Prasanna (36018632500) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah (55602206500) ;Mohammadpourhodki, Reza (59552855100) ;Mohammed, Jemal Abdu (57211142589) ;Mohebi, Farnam (55633844600) ;Mokdad, Ali H (7004813962) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moosavi, Delaram (57216754655) ;Moosazadeh, Mahmood (35771326500) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradpour, Farhad (55540661600) ;Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah (55179399300) ;Naik, Gurudatta (56020694000) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Nggada, Haruna Asura (8376121100) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Nikbakhsh, Rajan (57204566375) ;Nixon, Molly R (57204562047) ;Olagunju, Andrew T (26029995700) ;Olagunju, Tinuke O (57203076824) ;Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300) ;Pakshir, Keyvan (15838075900) ;Patel, Shanti (57072227700) ;Pathak, Mona (57194053763) ;Pham, Hai Quang (57217078995) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Rabiee, Mohammad (24587922100) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200) ;Ramezanzadeh, Kiana (57200621924) ;Rath, Goura Kishor (35444818200) ;Rathi, Priya (57216633909) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rezaei, Nima (57216077273) ;Roro, Elias Merdassa (57203038680) ;Saad, Anas M (57143724900) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Samy, Abdallah M (36973661300) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Sarveazad, Arash (54882387000) ;Sekerija, Mario (30268005400) ;Sha, Feng (57190308655) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Sheikhbahaei, Sara (57219637352) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Malleshappa, Sudeep K Siddappa (57210728908) ;Singh, Jasvinder A (7404421736) ;Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609) ;Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel (23486879900) ;Soshnikov, Sergey (57195195606) ;Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul (55496122500) ;Tadesse, Degena Bahrey (57213597502) ;Tesfay, Berhe Etsay (57211142477) ;Thakur, Bhaskar (56810826900) ;Traini, Eugenio (57211137081) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Vacante, Marco (23037085900) ;Veisani, Yousef (55370882600) ;Vujcic, Isidora S (55957120100) ;Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay (57211811032) ;Xu, Rixing (57204186670) ;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid (56017415700) ;Yuce, Deniz (57514476300) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760)Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323)Background Oesophageal cancer is a common and often fatal cancer that has two main histological subtypes: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Updated statistics on the incidence and mortality of oesophageal cancer, and on the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by the disease, can assist policy makers in allocating resources for prevention, treatment, and care of oesophageal cancer. We report the latest estimates of these statistics for 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017, by age, sex, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD). Methods We used data from vital registration systems, vital registration-samples, verbal autopsy records, and cancer registries, combined with relevant modelling, to estimate the mortality, incidence, and burden of oesophageal cancer from 1990 to 2017. Mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) were estimated and fed into a Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) including risk factors. MIRs were used for mortality and non-fatal modelling. Estimates of DALYs attributable to the main risk factors of oesophageal cancer available in GBD were also calculated. The proportion of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma to all oesophageal cancers was extracted by use of publicly available data, and its variation was examined against SDI, the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index, and available risk factors in GBD that are specific for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (eg, unimproved water source and indoor air pollution) and for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease). Findings There were 473 000 (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI] 459 000-485 000) new cases of oesophageal cancer and 436 000 (425 000-448 000) deaths due to oesophageal cancer in 2017. Age-standardised incidence was 5.9 (5.7-6.1) per 100 000 population and age-standardised mortality was 5.5 (5.3-5.6) per 100 000. Oesophageal cancer caused 9.78 million (9.53-10.03) DALYs, with an age-standardised rate of 120 (117-123) per 100 000 population. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised incidence decreased by 22.0% (18.6-25.2), mortality decreased by 29.0% (25.8-32.0), and DALYs decreased by 33.4% (30.4-36.1) globally. However, as a result of population growth and ageing, the total number of new cases increased by 52.3% (45.9-58.9), from 310 000 (300 000-322 000) to 473 000 (459 000-485 000); the number of deaths increased by 40.0% (34.1-46.3), from 311 000 (301 000-323 000) to 436 000 (425 000-448 000); and total DALYs increased by 27.4% (22.1-33.1), from 7.68 million (7.42-7.97) to 9.78 million (9.53-10.03). At the national level, China had the highest number of incident cases (235 000 [223 000-246 000]), deaths (213 000 [203 000-223 000]), and DALYs (4.46 million [4.25-4.69]) in 2017. The highest national-level agestandardised incidence rates in 2017 were observed in Malawi (23.0 [19.4-26.5] per 100 000 population) and Mongolia (18.5 [16.4-20.8] per 100 000). In 2017, age-standardised incidence was 2.7 times higher, mortality 2.9 times higher, and DALYs 3.0 times higher in males than in females. In 2017, a substantial proportion of oesophageal cancer DALYs were attributable to known risk factors: tobacco smoking (39.0% [35.5-42.2]), alcohol consumption (33.8% [27.3-39.9]), high BMI (19.5% [6.3-36.0]), a diet low in fruits (19.1% [4.2-34.6]), and use of chewing tobacco (7.5% [5.2-9.6]). Countries with a low SDI and HAQ Index and high levels of indoor air pollution had a higher proportion of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma to all oesophageal cancer cases than did countries with a high SDI and HAQ Index and with low levels of indoor air pollution. Interpretation Despite reductions in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, oesophageal cancer remains a major cause of cancer mortality and burden across the world. Oesophageal cancer is a highly fatal disease, requiring increased primary prevention efforts and, possibly, screening in some high-risk areas. Substantial variation exists in age-standardised incidence rates across regions and countries, for reasons that are unclear. © 2020 The Author(s). - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication The global, regional, and national burden of stomach cancer in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2017(2020) ;Etemadi, Arash (7004686554) ;Safiri, Saeid (56009654100) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Ikuta, Kevin (57211541916) ;Bisignano, Catherine (57211140934) ;Shakeri, Ramin (12782326600) ;Amani, Mohammad (55343755400) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Nixon, Molly R. (57204562047) ;Abbasi, Nooshin (57212442022) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Advani, Shailesh M. (56841222900) ;Afarideh, Mohsen (56227034300) ;Akinyemiju, Tomi (57202561503) ;Alam, Tahiya (57205589820) ;Alikhani, Mahtab (55210083900) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Allen, Christine A. (57200170678) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Assadi, Reza (57203677411) ;Atique, Suleman (56505419100) ;Awasthi, Ashish (58420926700) ;Bakhtiari, Ahad (56285704100) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Berhe, Kidanemaryam (57193112694) ;Bhala, Neeraj (15759186000) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat (55408904500) ;Bjørge, Tone (7004208100) ;Borzì, Antonio M. (57200199389) ;Braithwaite, Dejana (7006987079) ;Brenner, Hermann (7201832825) ;Carreras, Giulia (57221176357) ;Carvalho, Félix (7103070417) ;Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700) ;Castro, Franz (57204567353) ;Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300) ;Costa, Vera M. (17134373000) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil (57202555163) ;Demoz, Gebre T. (57202214514) ;Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh (57207453281) ;Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar (25228198700) ;Dey, Subhojit (25958052600) ;Nasab, Mostafa Dianati (57281638900) ;Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000) ;Emamian, Mohammad Hassan (55181897800) ;Farahmand, Mohammad (57147377700) ;Fernandes, João C. (35274726800) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Foroutan, Masoud (58948371300) ;Gad, Mohamed M. (57203749611) ;Gallus, Silvano (7005387365) ;Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn (57748459200) ;Gedefew, Getnet Azeze (57214811020) ;Ghaseni-Kebria, Fatemeh (55375323600) ;Gorini, Giuseppe (56509988200) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Haro, Josep M. (57215877903) ;Harvey, James D. (57196074369) ;Hasanzadeh, Amir (57193162243) ;Hashemian, Maryam (42561197000) ;Hassen, Hamid Y. (57188660707) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Hidru, Hagos D. (57211135644) ;Hostiuc, Mihaela (51763789200) ;Househ, Mowafa (8667908000) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394) ;Innos, Kaire (57217314902) ;Islami, Farhad (56926442900) ;James, Spencer L. (57202557998) ;Jenabi, Ensiyeh (15755615100) ;Kalhor, Rohollah (55670548600) ;Kamangar, Farin (6603901311) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kengne, Andre Pascal (7801322838) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khalilov, Rovshan (57193308858) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Gulfaraz (6701635515) ;Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295) ;Khazaee-Pool, Maryam (56094659600) ;Khazaei, Salman (55420466900) ;Khoja, Abdullah T. (57194229795) ;Shadmani, Fatemah Khosravi (55661985900) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800) ;Komaki, Hamidreza (56712484800) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kumar, Vivek (57459719500) ;Vecchia, Carlo La (36063266200) ;Lopez, Alan D. (7401455668) ;Lunevicius, Raimundas (57216165063) ;Manafi, Navid (57190424904) ;Manda, Ana-Laura (57204567674) ;Geta, Birhanu (57208190927) ;Meheretu, Hailemariam (57213838281) ;Mengistu, Getnet (57193539632) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Mir, Seyed Mostafa (56715133100) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi (57552959000) ;Mohammadian, Mahdi (56725271800) ;Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah (55602206500) ;Mohammadpourhodki, Reza (59738013700) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mohebi, Farnam (55633844600) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moosazadeh, Mahmood (35771326500) ;Moossavi, Maryam (56176927500) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradpour, Farhad (55540661600) ;Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah (55179399300) ;Velasquez, Ilais Moreno (56499291900) ;Mosapour, Abbas (16425956900) ;Naderi, Mehdi (57202026927) ;Naik, Gurudatta (56020694000) ;Najafi, Farid (21743304900) ;Nahvijou, Azin (18837247000) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Nikbakhsh, Rajan (57204566375) ;Nojomi, Marzieh (22941666400) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olagunju, Tinuke O. (57203076824) ;Oren, Eyal (36815569400) ;Parsian, Hadi (55991107900) ;Piccinelli, Cristiano (16234184900) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Poustchi, Hossein (8622806500) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200) ;Rahimi, Mahdi (57201613528) ;Rahmati, Marveh (15061646700) ;Renzaho, Andre M N. 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(47461646700)Background: Stomach cancer is a major health problem in many countries. Understanding the current burden of stomach cancer and the differential trends across various locations is essential for formulating effective preventive strategies. We report on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to stomach cancer in 195 countries and territories from 21 regions between 1990 and 2017. Methods: Estimates from GBD 2017 were used to analyse the incidence, mortality, and DALYs due to stomach cancer at the global, regional, and national levels. The rates were standardised to the GBD world population and reported per 100 000 population as age-standardised incidence rates, age-standardised death rates, and age-standardised DALY rates. All estimates were generated with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings: In 2017, more than 1·22 million (95% UI 1·19–1·25) incident cases of stomach cancer occurred worldwide, and nearly 865 000 people (848 000–885 000) died of stomach cancer, contributing to 19·1 million (18·7–19·6) DALYs. The highest age-standardised incidence rates in 2017 were seen in the high-income Asia Pacific (29·5, 28·2–31·0 per 100 000 population) and east Asia (28·6, 27·3–30·0 per 100 000 population) regions, with nearly half of the global incident cases occurring in China. Compared with 1990, in 2017 more than 356 000 more incident cases of stomach cancer were estimated, leading to nearly 96 000 more deaths. Despite the increase in absolute numbers, the worldwide age-standardised rates of stomach cancer (incidence, deaths, and DALYs) have declined since 1990. The drop in the disease burden was associated with improved Socio-demographic Index. Globally, 38·2% (21·1–57·8) of the age-standardised DALYs were attributable to high-sodium diet in both sexes combined, and 24·5% (20·0–28·9) of the age-standardised DALYs were attributable to smoking in males. Interpretation: Our findings provide insight into the changing burden of stomach cancer, which is useful in planning local strategies and monitoring their progress. To this end, specific local strategies should be tailored to each country's risk factor profile. Beyond the current decline in age-standardised incidence and death rates, a decrease in the absolute number of cases and deaths will be possible if the burden in east Asia, where currently almost half of the incident cases and deaths occur, is further reduced. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
