Browsing by Author "Dugalic, V. (9433624700)"

Cystosarcoma phyloides is a breast cancer with deterrent features because of its size and fast growth. Borderline ovarian tumors comprise 10% to 15% of all epithelial tumors of the ovary. Regardless of the tumor type (serous, mucinous, clear cell, Brenner, mixed) they can be benign, borderline or malignant. There is a close physiological relation between the breasts and genital tract. By routine examination of girls in secondary schools, suspected ultrasonography findings were found in two out of 180 examinees.

During routine examination of a 32-year-old patient, a cervical polyp was found and CIN III was confirmed by biopsy. After performing colposcopy, biopsy and establishing CIN III as well as performing gastroscopy where a duodenal polyp was found, thorough diagnostic exams and therapy were carried out. Complete duodenal resection and conization were performed. The medical board decided that neither further radiation nor chemotherapy was needed.

Cervical carcinoma is the fourth most common malignant disease in women, after breast, lung and colon cancer. It is present in two-thirds of all malignant diseases of the genital tract. Although in most of Europe patients are subjected to regular health screening, diagnoses of severe life-threatening alterations are often made when they are already in late stages.

Endometrial hyperplasias and endometrial adenocarcinomas present a morphological continuity. In 1,150 cases of patients admitted to two hospitals over the past two years with diagnosed irregular bleeding, suspected ultrasonography findings and positive family history, we performed, not only hormonal examinations, but also fractioned explorative curettage after receiving patient consent.

By examining the cause of infertility for a the period of three years in the two largest hospitals in Belgrade, we found 453 cases of endometriosis out of 683 cases of laparoscopy. During the procedure, removal of endometrial foci, histological examination of the sample and removal of genital and peritoneum abnormalities by laser were carried out. Interestingly, in only 8% of the cases were cancerous changes of the ovary diagnosed. Out of 36 patients with established diagnoses, hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed in four cases.

The cause of stomach carcinoma is still unclear but a variety of possible factors are presently under investigation. The clinical signs of stomach carcinoma are deceitful, and the disease is mainly asymptomatic. The first symptoms are dyspeptic disturbances, the feeling of satiety after meals, belching, and loss of appetite. This interesting and educative case starts with an almost classical story of a patient admitted with hyperemesis during pregnancy. She was a primipara, 18 years old, with a significantly low body mass index and electrolyte imbalance and at the 23 rd week of gestation.

Hydatidiform mole is a degenerative chorion disturbance of unknown etiology. It is characterized by a permanent whitish enlargement of the chorionic villi with a grape-like appearance and poor vascularization. The symptoms of a molar pregnancy are nausea and vomiting which are present in more than one-third of the patients. Other symptoms include an enlarged uterus and vaginal bleeding. Our patient was a 19-year-old primipara with a twin pregnancy where one embryo was molar. Diagnosis was confirmed by beta-hCG levels.

We examined a young primipara with increased alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) values and cystic tumefaction of the right ovary. Having in mind a mild decrease in ovarian artery resistance index (RI) and suspected findings of fetal kidney, this situation was delicate due to its double pathology which was later confirmed. Wilms' tumor is the most common urogenital tumor in childhood, and it is detectable in the prenatal period by ultrasound examination. In utero kidney biopsy confirms diagnosis and facilitates decisions concerning the course of pregnancy. Relative risk of intervention limits this diagnostic procedure for indicated cases.

Ovarian carcinoma may appear regardless of age, including during childhood. Predisposing factors for the development of ovarian carcinoma are age (usually over 40), positive family history, mumps parotitis, small number of deliveries, environmental factors, persistant ovulation, etc. Metastases may appear in the ovary from almost all primary sites.

At the Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics we examined 24 women who were radically operated on and received massive transfusions during the intraoperative and postoperative period. Twelve developed massive transfusion complications such as urticaria, fever, and respiratory insufficiency known as TRALI (transfusion-related acute lung injury).

At the Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics over a period of five years, more than 180,000 women were examined; 580 simple and 178 radical vulvectomies were performed.

In the population of pregnant women in Serbia and Montenegro, hemorrhoids are present in 85% of the cases during the second and third pregnancy. Urged by the complications of non-treated hemorrhoids, we carried out a routine diagnostic procedure to examine hemorrhoids during pregnancy, i.e. a differential diagnosis with other possible complications was performed. Fifty patients, aged between 36 and 38, were examined by anoscope and rectoscope during the second trimester. Rectal carcinoma was found in three cases, which is a disturbing number. The patient with the most serious clinical picture was subjected to urgent artificial fetal lung maturation and surgical delivery. One of the patients had clinical cachexia, and in view of the fact that the magnetic resonance imaging during pregnancy showed infiltration and that the patient was 38 years old, with the patient's consent, surgery was performed together with hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy and immediate removal of the rectum and anus. In the other two cases, the delivery ended vaginally between the 35th and 38th week of gestation, after which the patients were moved to the surgery ward. Besides a positive family history for digestive tract carcinoma (95%), smoking and increased body mass index, there were no significant parameters distinguishing these three patients from others with hemorrhoids. Interesting data were obtained from the fact that there was no increase in body mass during pregnancy which patients correlated with their already present obesity. Moreover, pain was correlated with the fact that the patients did not follow a healthy dietary regime. In all 50 patients, the following procedures were performed: anoscope, rectoscope and digestive tract tumor markers. Observing the results of the biopsies, we found rectal carcinoma Stage C according to Dukes staging (tumor included serosa) in one case. In the other two cases, Stage B1 carcinomas were found (which included all layers except serosa). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed and confirmed progression of the disease. The delivery ended per vias naturalis in two cases in view of the fact that it was the third pregnancy for both patients. Surgery was performed 40 days after delivery. Postoperative recovery was unremarkable in all described cases.

Gall bladder carcinoma is the most common carcinoma of the biliary tract and the fifth most common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. The patients usually have no symptoms at all or non-specific symptoms are present. The therapy for gall bladder carcinoma is complete removal. Unfortunately, in 80% of the cases the survival period is less than one year.

Vaginal melanomas account for fewer than 2% of vaginal malignancies. The mean age at diagnosis is 55 years and the prognosis is poor, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 5% to 10%.