Browsing by Author "Djelic, M. (36016384600)"

Objectives Regular endurance training in athletes is associated with a higher maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), a lower body fat percentage (BF%), and improved blood pressure (BP) control. However, are those adaptive changes present in athletes with higher BF%, has not been previously examined. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the body composition to the resting and maximal BP values and cardiorespiratory functional capacity in elite athletes. Equipment and methods A total of 194 men elite athletes were examined. According to World Health Organization recommendation, athletes were divided according to BF% in 3 groups: low: ≤ 8, optimal: 9–19%, overweight: ≥ 20%. Anthropometric measurements, resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) pressures were measured. VO2max and maximal BP were directly measured by maximal graded exercise test on treadmill until exhaustion. Results Seventy-six (39%) athletes had low BF%, 107 (55%) had optimal BF%, while 11 (5%) athletes had BF% in overweight category. The incidence of hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) was 4% in low BF%, 6% in optimal and 21% in the overweight group. Athletes in overweight category had significantly higher resting SBP and DBP values, and maximal DBP and lower VO2max compared to all other athletes (P < 0.001). Recovery DBP was significantly lower in low BF% group compared to all other athletes (P < 0.01). There was statistically significant negative correlation between resting SBP and VO2max values in normal BF% group (r = −0.24; P < 0.001). BF% independently predicted resting BP and HR, as well as maximal DBP and VO2max, while BMI independently predicted only maximal HR and resting DBP (P < 0.001). Optimal body composition in athletes is a strong determinant of optimal functional aerobic capacity and resting BP. BF% elevation is strong negative predictive factor for maximal oxygen uptake and resting BP. © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS

Objective: Was to investigate glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) responses to a graded maximal exercise test and recovery period in athletes and sedentary subjects. Subjects and methods: Twelve trained man (TG) and twelve untrained men (UTG) performed an incremental maximal treadmill test. Blood samples were taken from all subjects in the morning before, at the end of the test and after 30 minutes of recovery. Insulin, glucose and FFA levels were determined at these points in time. Results: Glucose concentration did not differ between TG and UTG at rest. Glucose levels increased steadily during exercise in both groups, but this increase was significant only in UTG at the end of the exercise test (+18.71%; P < 0.05) and after 30 min of recovery (+12.05%; P < 0.05) compared to basal levels. FFA concentrations at rest were significantly higher in TG than UTG (P < 0.05). FFA concentration initially significantly decreased during exercise in TG (-50.00%; P < 0.05), and increased during recovery period, but stayed significantly lower than rest values (-25.00%; P < 0.05). In UTG, FFA levels insignificantly decreased (P > 0.05) during exercise and recovery period. Insulin concentration significantly increased during exercise in both groups (+23.89% in TG and +47.64% in UTG, P < 0.05), and stayed significantly higher in recovery period in UTG (+60.82%; P < 0.05). Conclusion: The data presented indicate that chronic physical training markedly influences serum FFA profile in trained group. Our findings also indicate that metabolic response to one bout of maximal-intensity exercise test depends on training status of the subjects and that trained subjects (athletes) could have higher substrate flexibility under high energy demand. © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS.

[No abstract available]

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies demonstrated that current European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society spirometric reference equations, used in general population, may not be applicable in population of elite athletes. Althought it is well known that physical activity may affect lung volumes, the effect of sporting activity on pulmonary function testing indices was never examined. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in functional respiratory parameters in various types of sports by measuring lung volumes and to extend the existing factors as well as sport disciplines which affect respiratory function the most. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 1639 elite male athletes, aged 18-35 years were divided in 4 groups according to the predominant characteristics of training: skill, power, mixed and endurance athletes. They performed basic anthropometric measurements and spirometry. Groups were compared, and Pearson's simple correlation was performed to test the relation between anthropometric and spirometric characteristics of athletes. RESULTS: All anthropometric characteristics significantly differed among groups and correlate with respiratory parameters. The highest correlation was found for body height and weight. CONCLUSIONS: Sports participation is associated with respiratory adaptation, and the extent of adaptation depends on type of activity. Endurance sports athletes have higher lung volumes in comparison with skill, mixed and power group of sport.

Introduction: Unlike large population studies about cardiovascular components and how they adapt to intensive physical activity, there is less research into the causes of enlargement of the respiratory system in athletes (e.g. vital capacity, maximum flow rates and pulmonary diffusion capacity). The purpose of this research was to study and compare pulmonary function in different types of sports and compare them with controls in order to find out which sports improve lung function the most. Materials and method: Pulmonary functional capacities, vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) of 493 top athletes belonging to 15 different sports disciplines and of 16 sedentary individuals were studied. Pulmonary function test was performed according to ATS/ERS guidelines. Results: Basketball, water polo players and rowers had statistically higher vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) than the healthy sedentary control individuals. Football and volleyball players had lower VC while FVC was higher in the football group compared to controls. Peak expiratory flow was lower in boxing, kayak, rugby, handball, taekwondo and tennis. The maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) was significantly higher in water polo players and rowers. Boxers had statistically lower MVV than the controls. Players of other sports did not differ from the control group. Conclusion: The study suggests that specific type of training used in basketball, water polo or rowing could have potential for improving pulmonary function and rehabilitation. © 2014 Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia.

Background: Physical activity has a positive effect on the function of the whole human body system. The influence of physical activity on the development of the respiratory system is still a matter for debate. Swimming is considered the sport with the most profound effect on the lungs. Aim: The first aim was to determine pulmonary function and to correlate it with anthropometric features of sportsmen, represented by land- and the water-based elite athletes comparing with their sedentary counterparts; the second aim was to examine whether the training factors (frequency and amount) influence pulmonary function in swimmers, when controlled for anthropometric features. Methods: Thirty-eight elite male swimmers were matched for age and sex with two hundred and seventy-one elite football players and one hundred controls who were not involved in any routine exercise. Lung volumes were recorded by Pulmonary Function test and analyzed statistically. Results and conclusion: Swimmers had statistically higher values of VC, FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC when compared to both the football players and the controls, as the latter two showed no in-between differences. There was significant positive correlation between age, body weight and body height and each of the above named pulmonary parameters, when presented separately for swimmers, football players and the control group. When controlled for the anthropometric features, larger lung volumes in swimmers were not influenced by training period, age at the beginning of training and weekly extent of personal training. Further comprehensive longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these observations. © 2015 Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia.