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Browsing by Author "Dean, Frances E. (57211949247)"

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    Publication
    Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    (2022)
    Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800)
    ;
    Compton, Kelly (57205330541)
    ;
    Dean, Frances E. (57211949247)
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    Fu, Weijia (57218882680)
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    Gaw, Brian L. (57405726000)
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    Harvey, James D. (57196074369)
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    Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline (57219861283)
    ;
    Lu, Dan (59057346200)
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    Pennini, Alyssa (57210820174)
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    Xu, Rixing (57204186670)
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    Ababneh, Emad (57210792873)
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    Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882)
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    Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848)
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    Abd-Elsalam, Sherief M. (57189845325)
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    Abdoli, Amir (59421084100)
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    Abedi, Aidin (56673854800)
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    Abidi, Hassan (36769387800)
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    Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600)
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    Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508)
    ;
    Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (57211604149)
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    Advani, Shailesh M. (56841222900)
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    Afzal, Muhammad Sohail (56009310800)
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    Aghaali, Mohammad (38860949800)
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    Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku (57194684030)
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    Ahmad, Sajjad (57218961022)
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    Ahmad, Tauseef (57214283386)
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    Ahmadi, Ali (57193998515)
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    Ahmadi, Sepideh (58189812000)
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    Ahmed Rashid, Tarik (57023479100)
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    Ahmed Salih, Yusra (57226834461)
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    Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse (56905441600)
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    Aklilu, Addis (56450972500)
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    Akram, Tayyaba (57208951047)
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    Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet (57214884531)
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    Al Hamad, Hanadi (56955516200)
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    Alahdab, Fares (55135922900)
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    Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500)
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    Ali, Saqib (7403094290)
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    Alimohamadi, Yousef (56069375900)
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    Alipour, Vahid (56436629300)
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    Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159)
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    Alkhayyat, Motasem (57191475872)
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    Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700)
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    Almasri, Nihad A. (35301840000)
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    Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali Ali (36023535700)
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    Almustanyir, Sami (57217589155)
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    Alonso, Nivaldo (7004026436)
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    Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239)
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    Amu, Hubert (57190183918)
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    Anbesu, Etsay Woldu (57219860911)
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    Ancuceanu, Robert (35728302200)
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    Ansari, Fereshteh (56478531800)
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    Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza (57192807651)
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    Antwi, Maxwell Hubert (57224904063)
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    Anvari, Davood (57201259536)
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    Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward (57192947419)
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    Aqeel, Muhammad (57192083161)
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    Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927)
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    Arab-Zozani, Morteza (57210284593)
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    Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833)
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    Ariffin, Hany (7004238528)
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    Aripov, Timur (35104283700)
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    Arshad, Muhammad (25722979300)
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    Artaman, Al (57217223811)
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    Arulappan, Judie (57224210161)
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    Asemi, Zatollah (36738697900)
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    Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad (57226675591)
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    Ashraf, Tahira (56366752600)
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    Atorkey, Prince (57218950488)
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    Aujayeb, Avinash (6504403791)
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    Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907)
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    Awedew, Atalel Fentahun (57216741537)
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    Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina (55598298700)
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    Ayenew, Temesgen (57202544869)
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    Azab, Mohammed A. (57202323253)
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    Azadnajafabad, Sina (57219389837)
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    Azari Jafari, Amirhossein (56084531100)
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    Azarian, Ghasem (57220306214)
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    Azzam, Ahmed Y. (57208274797)
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    Badiye, Ashish D. (56340201200)
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    Bahadory, Saeed (57208205157)
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    Baig, Atif Amin (49460999600)
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    Baker, Jennifer L. (8705509600)
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    Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar (56640778400)
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    Banach, Maciej (22936699500)
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    Bärnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900)
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    Barone-Adesi, Francesco (8722189200)
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    Barra, Fabio (57201953956)
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    Barrow, Amadou (57217061576)
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    Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696)
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    Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal (55639511900)
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    Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint (55932461200)
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    Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint (57209397638)
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    Bhagat, Devidas S. (57327243700)
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    Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth (56398498300)
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    Bhardwaj, Nikha (57221591832)
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    Bhardwaj, Pankaj (57226841442)
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    Bhaskar, Sonu (57192268582)
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    Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266)
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    Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S. (55989506600)
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    Bibi, Sadia (57524553300)
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    Bijani, Ali (23134684900)
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    Biondi, Antonio (57226837403)
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    Bisignano, Catherine (57211140934)
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    Bjorge, Tone (7004208100)
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    Bleyer, Archie (57192109538)
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    Blyuss, Oleg (56020531500)
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    Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi (57218336464)
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    Bolla, Srinivasa Rao (23048516100)
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    Braithwaite, Dejana (7006987079)
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    Brar, Amanpreet (57675605800)
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    Brenner, Hermann (7201832825)
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    Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa (6506392089)
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    Butt, Nadeem Shafique (7003613681)
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    Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739)
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    Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano (56373058500)
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    Cao, Yin (55270204400)
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    Carreras, Giulia (57221176357)
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    Catalá-López, Ferrán (57202553733)
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    Cembranel, Francieli (55867592900)
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    Cerin, Ester (14522064200)
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    Cernigliaro, Achille (12787090100)
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    Chakinala, Raja Chandra (57190575127)
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    Chattu, Soosanna Kumary (57209796729)
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    Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500)
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    Chaturvedi, Pankaj (35547314900)
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    Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel (57217262222)
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    Cho, Daniel Youngwhan (57192666710)
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    Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533)
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    Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300)
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    Chung, Michael T. (55551050400)
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    Conde, Joao (56992468300)
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    Cortés, Sanda (55659922800)
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    Cortesi, Paolo Angelo (57200306512)
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    Costa, Vera Marisa (17134373000)
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    Cunha, Amanda Ramos (57214078354)
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    Dadras, Omid (57205721978)
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    Dagnew, Amare Belachew (57194785365)
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    Dahlawi, Saad M.A. (57189234459)
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    Dai, Xiaochen (57221591169)
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    Dandona, Lalit (7007017243)
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    Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697)
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    Darwesh, Aso Mohammad (57199749880)
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    das Neves, José (57208073193)
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    De la Hoz, Fernando Pio (23134262800)
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    Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh (57207453281)
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    Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar (25228198700)
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    Dhamnetiya, Deepak (56884613200)
    ;
    Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane (57201374139)
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    Dhimal, Meghnath (54941157300)
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    Dianatinasab, Mostafa (57281638900)
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    Diaz, Daniel (56644152500)
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    Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000)
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    Do, Huyen Phuc (57200737094)
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    Doaei, Saeid (56016552900)
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    Dorostkar, Fariba (57214882995)
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    dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter (57197830836)
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    Driscoll, Tim Robert (7005928308)
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    Ebrahimi, Hedyeh (57195329214)
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    Eftekharzadeh, Sahar (57192113055)
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    El Tantawi, Maha (57214851491)
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    El-Abid, Hassan (59138919700)
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    Elbarazi, Iffat (58509635500)
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    Elhabashy, Hala Rashad (34869491800)
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    Elhadi, Muhammed (57212082248)
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    El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. (34869528300)
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    Eshrati, Babak (16030619200)
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    Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158)
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    Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz (56450483600)
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    Etemadi, Arash (7004686554)
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    Ezzikouri, Sayeh (16836144700)
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    Faisaluddin, Mohammed (57204007767)
    ;
    Faraon, Emerito Jose A. (57195414019)
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    Fares, Jawad (55606854400)
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    Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611)
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    Feroze, Abdullah Hamid (47161109900)
    ;
    Ferrero, Simone (57190137236)
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    Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo (57201549628)
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    Filip, Irina (55570061400)
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    Fischer, Florian (55508208800)
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    Fisher, James L. (7404013876)
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    Foroutan, Masoud (58948371300)
    ;
    Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300)
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    Gaal, Peter Andras (55966171600)
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    Gad, Mohamed M. (57203749611)
    ;
    Gadanya, Muktar A. (25957587400)
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    Gallus, Silvano (7005387365)
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    Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana (57363275600)
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    Getachew Obsa, Abera (57356847100)
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    Ghafourifard, Mansour (57193420915)
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    Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020)
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    Ghith, Nermin (55249750100)
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    Gholamalizadeh, Maryam (56017715600)
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    Gilani, Syed Amir (37008269900)
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    Ginindza, Themba G. (24468039800)
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    Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T. (57193237477)
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    Glasbey, James C. (57195948986)
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    Golechha, Mahaveer (36006347600)
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    Goleij, Pouya (57217533849)
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    Gomez, Ricardo Santiago (7402250311)
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    Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891)
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    Gorini, Giuseppe (56509988200)
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    Goudarzi, Houman (55606092000)
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    Grosso, Giuseppe (57196998256)
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    Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen (57210795029)
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    Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro (56818011600)
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    Guha, Avirup (56201612900)
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    Gunasekera, D. Sanjeeva (6701450084)
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    Gupta, Bhawna (56763353100)
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    Gupta, Veer Bala (57194978364)
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    Gupta, Vivek Kumar (35073936800)
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    Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma (57200298415)
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    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261)
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    Haider, Mohammad Rifat (56660365700)
    ;
    Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364)
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    Halwani, Rabih (15065354400)
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    Hamadeh, Randah R. (57202769526)
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    Hameed, Sajid (57225330442)
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    Hamidi, Samer (24366336000)
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    Hanif, Asif (55360052800)
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    Haque, Shafiul (35793732800)
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    Harlianto, Netanja I. (57218510727)
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    Haro, Josep Maria (57215877903)
    ;
    Hasaballah, Ahmed I. (56002305300)
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    Hassanipour, Soheil (57191513993)
    ;
    Hay, Roderick J. (56785229200)
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    Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)
    ;
    Hayat, Khezar (57219918947)
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    Heidari, Golnaz (57218883864)
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    Heidari, Mohammad (56494430400)
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    Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana (57204618451)
    ;
    Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100)
    ;
    Hezam, Kamal (57199187791)
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    Holla, Ramesh (55270371800)
    ;
    Hossain, Md Mahbub (57207311791)
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    Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain (36028425500)
    ;
    Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar (57209828879)
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    Hosseini, Mostafa (57204569481)
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    Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569)
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    Hostiuc, Mihaela (51763789200)
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    Hostiuc, Sorin (24829099800)
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    Househ, Mowafa (8667908000)
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    Hsairi, Mohamed (57209033943)
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    Huang, Junjie (57199198962)
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    Hugo, Fernando N. (13403199800)
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    Hussain, Rabia (7103224786)
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    Hussein, Nawfal R. (24766000100)
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    Hwang, Bing-Fang (7201453928)
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    Iavicoli, Ivo (6603685479)
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    Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel (57212027408)
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    Ida, Fidelia (57218557641)
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    Ikuta, Kevin S. (57211541916)
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    Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800)
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    Ilic, Irena M. (57210823522)
    ;
    Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394)
    ;
    Irham, Lalu Muhammad (57195464918)
    ;
    Islam, Jessica Y. (26032107000)
    ;
    Islam, Rakibul M. (57205202128)
    ;
    Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100)
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    Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah (57885381900)
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    Isola, Gaetano (25825125500)
    ;
    Iwagami, Masao (54381883100)
    ;
    Jacob, Louis (56779678900)
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    Jain, Vardhmaan (57208149266)
    ;
    Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B. (14318929700)
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    Javaheri, Tahereh (36102883000)
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    Jayaram, Shubha (57221589240)
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    Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad (55260694800)
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    Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400)
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    Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953)
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    Joo, Tamas (57214777013)
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    Joseph, Nitin (35292547200)
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    Joukar, Farahnaz (26024213000)
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    Jürisson, Mikk (55547524800)
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    Kabir, Ali (23050698400)
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    Kahrizi, Danial (15725585500)
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    Kalankesh, Leila R. (12796418600)
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    Kalhor, Rohollah (55670548600)
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    Kaliyadan, Feroze (16836323500)
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    Kalkonde, Yogeshwar (57211874790)
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    Kamath, Ashwin (35724313100)
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    Kameran Al-Salihi, Nawzad (24576701300)
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    Kandel, Himal (57226834655)
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    Kapoor, Neeti (56340726700)
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    Karch, André (55917217700)
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    Kasa, Ayele Semachew (57203538861)
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    Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal (6508254091)
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    Kauppila, Joonas H. (37665210400)
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    Kavetskyy, Taras (57220358576)
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    Kebede, Sewnet Adem (57215661049)
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    Keshavarz, Pedram (57209008531)
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    Keykhaei, Mohammad (57208162861)
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    Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600)
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    Khalilov, Rovshan (57193308858)
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    Khan, Gulfaraz (6701635515)
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    Khan, Maseer (57215721758)
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    Khan, Md Nuruzzaman (57209404949)
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    Khan, Moien A.B. (57209800900)
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    Khang, Young-Ho (57198904674)
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    Khater, Amir M. (57211138055)
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    Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295)
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    Kim, Gyu Ri (57204396981)
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    Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375)
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    Kisa, Adnan (6603346067)
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    Kisa, Sezer (14030019900)
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    Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna (6508376962)
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    Kopec, Jacek A. (7006284395)
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    Koteeswaran, Rajasekaran (56685819200)
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    Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900)
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    Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi (57196152832)
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    Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912)
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    Kucuk Bicer, Burcu (57204528360)
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    Kugbey, Nuworza (57195398167)
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    Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500)
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    Kumar, Narinder (8215803600)
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    Kumar, Nithin (36678889900)
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    Kurmi, Om P. (23389886800)
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    Kutluk, Tezer (20934856000)
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    La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200)
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    Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005)
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    Landires, Iván (15063040000)
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    Lauriola, Paolo (7004129174)
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    Lee, Sang-Woong (57193130569)
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    Lee, Shaun Wen Huey (35201185800)
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    Lee, Wei-Chen (57394248700)
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    Lee, Yo Han (57193632340)
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    Leigh, James (7202089604)
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    Leong, Elvynna (56462346200)
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    Li, Jiarui (57205664641)
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    Li, Ming-Chieh (56144176300)
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    Liu, Xuefeng (37050047900)
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    Loureiro, Joana A. (55851941412)
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    Lunevicius, Raimundas (57216165063)
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    Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed (57201191366)
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    Majeed, Azeem (7102027801)
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    Makki, Alaa (57224607101)
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    Male, Shilpa (57404584000)
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    Malik, Ahmad Azam (57198682313)
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    Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600)
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    Martini, Santi (57162600900)
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    Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra (55769011500)
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    Mathur, Prashant (7201845777)
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    McKee, Martin (7202304775)
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    Mehrotra, Ravi (7203045563)
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    Mendoza, Walter (57216905642)
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    Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900)
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    Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku (57216203521)
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    Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal (57204623773)
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    Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107)
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    Miao Jonasson, Junmei (35875296300)
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    Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900)
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    Miazgowski, Tomasz (6701404689)
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    Michalek, Irmina Maria (56982945900)
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    Miller, Ted R. (7403948600)
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    Mirzaei, Hamed (37034594600)
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    Mirzaei, Hamid Reza (57218466685)
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    Misra, Sanjeev (35501005200)
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    Mithra, Prasanna (36018632500)
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    Moghadaszadeh, Masoud (57200791890)
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    Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378)
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    Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710)
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    Mohammadi, Mokhtar (57188972365)
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    Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh (57190491827)
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    Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah (55602206500)
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    Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000)
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    Moka, Nagabhishek (35764778400)
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    Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962)
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    Molokhia, Mariam (7004121920)
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    Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497)
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    Moni, Mohammad Ali (35119094400)
    ;
    Moosavi, Mohammad Amin (8677868300)
    ;
    Moradi, Yousef (55338348700)
    ;
    Moraga, Paula (46761426800)
    ;
    Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana (57204560697)
    ;
    Morrison, Shane Douglas (45661573100)
    ;
    Mosapour, Abbas (16425956900)
    ;
    Mubarik, Sumaira (57202290474)
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    Mwanri, Lillian (6603154148)
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    Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074)
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    Force, Lisa M. (57188548035)
    IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. © 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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    Publication
    Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    (2022)
    Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800)
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    Zhang, Jianrong (56966801100)
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    Zhong, Chenwen (59289905900)
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    Zhou, Linghui (57200969310)
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    Zhu, Cong (57215121592)
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    Zimmermann, Ivan R. (55907922000)
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    Force, Lisa M. (57188548035)
    IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. © 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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    Publication
    Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    (2020)
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    Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu (57214781514)
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    Miller, Ted R. (7403948600)
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    Mirzaei, Roya (55745833800)
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    Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi (57201700997)
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    Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen (57202808713)
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    Mitchell, Philip B. (35354747000)
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    Mithra, Prasanna (36018632500)
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    Moazen, Babak (57204324006)
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    Moghadaszadeh, Masoud (57200791890)
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    Mohajer, Bahram (57039225300)
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    Mohamad, Osama (36342663600)
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    Mohamadi, Efat (57202198397)
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    Mohammad, Dara K. (43161421200)
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    Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710)
    Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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    Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
    (2024)
    Steinmetz, Jaimie D. (57221591053)
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    Seeher, Katrin Maria (34067802300)
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    Schiess, Nicoline (19640564900)
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    Nichols, Emma (57205756163)
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    Cao, Bochen (56027521000)
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    Servili, Chiara (36618157200)
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    Cavallera, Vanessa (57199391089)
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    Cousin, Ewerton (57194620705)
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    Hagins, Hailey (57219860838)
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    Moberg, Madeline E. (57820324700)
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    Mehlman, Max L. (58355570300)
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    Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis (58492166600)
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    Abbas, Jaffar (57217776454)
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    Abbasi, Madineh Akram (57193923353)
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    Abbasian, Mohammadreza (9846109700)
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    Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848)
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    Abdelmasseh, Michael (57356690000)
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    Abdollahi, Mohammad (57940559800)
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    Abdollahi, Mozhan (57780545000)
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    Abdollahifar, Mohammad-Amin (56117187400)
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    Abd-Rabu, Rami (57214966967)
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    Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel (57737618600)
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    Aboagye, Richard Gyan (57221438826)
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    Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600)
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    Aboyans, Victor (56214736500)
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    Abrha, Woldu Aberhe (57210943530)
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    Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523)
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    Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800)
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    Nguyen, Ngoc-Trinh Thi (57205676953)
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    Nguyen, Phat Tuan (58366936400)
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    Nguyen, Van Thanh (58491437100)
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    Niazi, Robina Khan (57204666021)
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    Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos (57196237879)
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    Niranjan, Vikram (57216689994)
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    Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles (57190763438)
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    Noman, Efaq Ali (57191746290)
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    Noroozi, Nafise (57219412726)
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    Norrving, Bo (12792377500)
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    Noubiap, Jean Jacques (55490374000)
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    Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi (57218593582)
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    Ntaios, George (16426036800)
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    Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia (15063201000)
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    Nurrika, Dieta (57204936262)
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    Oancea, Bogdan (26658614800)
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    Odetokun, Ismail A. (58518431400)
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    O'Donnell, Martin James (57210591242)
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    Ogunsakin, Ropo Ebenezer (57196124624)
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    Oguta, James Odhiambo (57218948901)
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    Oh, In-Hwan (57204090669)
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    Okati-Aliabad, Hassan (57211186862)
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    Okeke, Sylvester Reuben (57200939187)
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    Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul (56668691000)
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    Okonji, Osaretin Christabel (57222864302)
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    Okwute, Patrick Godwin (58492412800)
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    Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700)
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    Olaiya, Muideen Tunbosun (55889996900)
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    Olana, Matifan Dereje (58559794000)
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    Olatubi, Matthew Idowu (57200278115)
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    Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes (6505822894)
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    Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa (57216286071)
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    Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola (57218504682)
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    Bali, Ahmed Omar (57201273344)
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    Ong, Sokking (36614524300)
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    Onwujekwe, Obinna E. (7003992855)
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    Ordak, Michal (55992015900)
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    Orji, Aislyn U. (57214664166)
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    Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V. (6505938824)
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    Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi (46062324800)
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    Otstavnov, Nikita (57202947262)
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    Otstavnov, Stanislav S. (57204561394)
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    Ouyahia, Amel (36499964800)
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    Owolabi, Mayowa O. (57222581892)
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    Mahesh Padukudru, P.A. (57195664371)
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    Pacheco-Barrios, Kevin (57201981698)
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    Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300)
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    Pal, Pramod Kumar (35578625800)
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    Palange, Padmavali Nanaji (58537285400)
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    Palladino, Claudia (13006718100)
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    Palladino, Raffaele (57215205417)
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    Palma-Alvarez, Raul Felipe (57028413200)
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    Pan, Feng (57220873446)
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    Panagiotakos, Demosthenes (7005977027)
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    Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra (6603112353)
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    Pandey, Anamika (55633420800)
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    Pandey, Ashok (57210886573)
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    Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai (57204787123)
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    Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha (57217140455)
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    Pantazopoulos, Ioannis (35574470700)
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    Pardhan, Shahina (7003706887)
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    Parija, Pragyan Paramita (57209003444)
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    Parikh, Romil R. (57204150124)
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    Park, Seoyeon (57384211300)
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    Parthasarathi, Ashwaghosha (57222979782)
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    Pashaei, Ava (59196552700)
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    Patel, Jay (59222700400)
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    Patil, Shankargouda (58278922000)
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    Patoulias, Dimitrios (57038894600)
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    Pawar, Shrikant (58594958600)
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    Pedersini, Paolo (57202983547)
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    Pensato, Umberto (57210585166)
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    Pereira, David M. (57217991596)
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    Pereira, Jeevan (57218878130)
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    Pereira, Maria Odete (42462181200)
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    Peres, Mario F. P. (7006723305)
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    Perico, Norberto (57220168045)
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    Perna, Simone (57202419601)
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    Petcu, Ionela-Roxana (57094897500)
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    Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily (57220028899)
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    Pham, Hoang Tran (58627023500)
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    Phillips, Michael R. (57206972395)
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    Pinilla-Monsalve, Gabriel D. (57201459168)
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    Piradov, Michael A. (7003731802)
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    Plotnikov, Evgenii (58956985600)
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    Poddighe, Dimitri (14623163000)
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    Polat, Burcu (55372554800)
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    Poluru, Ramesh (57205250311)
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    Pond, Constance Dimity (7006633763)
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    Poudel, Govinda Raj (26321907500)
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    Pouramini, Alireza (57224324063)
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    Pourbagher-Shahri, Ali Mohammad (57205605713)
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    Pourfridoni, Mohammad (57222014546)
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    Pourtaheri, Naeimeh (57204143814)
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    Prakash, Peralam Yegneswaran (26024818200)
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    Prakash, Sanjay (57218145497)
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    Prakash, V. (55722781800)
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    Prates, Elton Junio Sady (58628448600)
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    Pritchett, Natalie (57195807365)
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    Purnobasuki, Hery (8644457800)
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    Qasim, Nameer Hashim (56674669100)
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    Qattea, Ibrahim (57222260346)
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    Qian, Gangzhen (58572293600)
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    Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman (34873452800)
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    Raee, Pourya (57201070773)
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    Shahraki, Hadi Raeisi (57194484011)
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    Rafique, Ibrar (56113184100)
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    Raggi, Alberto (8514468700)
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    Raghav, Pankaja Raghav (57208123272)
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    Rahati, Meghdad M. (57740871000)
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    Rahim, Fakher (23052247800)
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    Rahimi, Zahra (57198183597)
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    Rahimifard, Mahban (55051387600)
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    Rahman, Md Obaidur (57222599251)
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    Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur (57208867497)
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    Rahman, Mosiur (55457953000)
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    Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600)
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    Rahmani, Amir Masoud (57204588830)
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    Rahmani, Shayan (57226290079)
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    Youshanlouei, Hamed Rahmani (57745852100)
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    Rahmati, Masoud (55802046400)
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    Raj Moolambally, Sheetal (57199730439)
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    Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali (57118287000)
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    Ramadan, Hazem (55502685800)
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    Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran (58321724400)
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    Ramasubramani, Premkumar (59722112000)
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    Ramazanu, Sheena (57211945291)
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    Rancic, Nemanja (54941042300)
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    Rao, Indu Ramachandra (57195308442)
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    Rao, Sowmya J. (57195423591)
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    Rapaka, Deepthi (56394669700)
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    Rashedi, Vahid (55775014100)
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    Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa (57463539300)
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    Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi (57324471900)
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    Rashidi Alavijeh, Mehran (58704651700)
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    Rasouli-Saravani, Ashkan (57222281825)
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    Rawaf, Salman (6602475959)
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    Razo, Christian (57203531684)
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    Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed (59012858000)
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    Bana, Atefe Rekabi (59027770000)
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    Remuzzi, Giuseppe (56466188600)
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    Rezaei, Nazila (36700192900)
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    Rezaei, Negar (57218820767)
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    Rezaei, Nima (57216077273)
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    Rezaeian, Mohsen (15053682700)
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    Rhee, Taeho Gregory (56373089300)
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    Riad, Abanoub (57218221621)
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    Robinson, Stephen R. (7402673969)
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    Rodrigues, Mónica (57206840982)
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    Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia (22936575000)
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    Roever, Leonardo (56641632800)
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    Rogowski, Emma L. B. (57218889998)
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    Romoli, Michele (56592186200)
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    Ronfani, Luca (58842981900)
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    Roy, Priyanka (58956986100)
    Background: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. Methods: We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. Findings: Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. Interpretation: As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2024 World Health Organization
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    Publication
    Global, regional, and national burden of respiratory tract cancers and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    (2021)
    Ebrahimi, Hedyeh (57195329214)
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    Aryan, Zahra (55479968600)
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    Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar (56071020000)
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    Bisignano, Catherine (57211140934)
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    Rezaei, Shahabeddin (57192378061)
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    Pishgar, Farhad (56676403900)
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    Force, Lisa M. (57188548035)
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    Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600)
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    Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800)
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    Advani, Shailesh M. (56841222900)
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    Ahmad, Sohail (57214884975)
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    Alahdab, Fares (55135922900)
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    Alipour, Vahid (56436629300)
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    Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159)
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    Amini, Saeed (57210811281)
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    Ancuceanu, Robert (35728302200)
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    Andrei, Catalina Liliana (36543507200)
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    Andrei, Tudorel (24179349400)
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    Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927)
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    Arab-Zozani, Morteza (57210284593)
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    Asaad, Malke (57209296864)
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    Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907)
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    Awedew, Atalel Fentahun (57216741537)
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    Baig, Atif Amin (49460999600)
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    Bijani, Ali (23134684900)
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    Biondi, Antonio (57226837403)
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    Bjørge, Tone (7004208100)
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    Braithwaite, Dejana (7006987079)
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    Brauer, Michael (57218330976)
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    Brenner, Hermann (7201832825)
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    Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa (6506392089)
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    Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739)
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    Carreras, Giulia (57221176357)
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    Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700)
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    Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel (57217262222)
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    Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300)
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    Chung, Michael T. (55551050400)
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    Cohen, Aaron J. (7404780942)
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    Compton, Kelly (57205330541)
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    Dagnew, Baye (57208599718)
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    Dai, Xiaochen (57221591169)
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    Dandona, Lalit (7007017243)
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    Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697)
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    Dean, Frances E. (57211949247)
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    Derbew Molla, Meseret (57211542342)
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    Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu (57224144903)
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    Driscoll, Tim Robert (7005928308)
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    Faraon, Emerito Jose A. (57195414019)
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    Faris, Pawan Sirwan (57203120211)
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    Filip, Irina (55570061400)
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    Fischer, Florian (55508208800)
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    Fu, Weijia (57218882680)
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    Gallus, Silvano (7005387365)
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    Gebregiorgis, Birhan Gebresillassie (57221131881)
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    Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020)
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    Golechha, Mahaveer (36006347600)
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    Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele (57221603337)
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    Gorini, Giuseppe (56509988200)
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    Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia (55958854600)
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    Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro (56818011600)
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    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261)
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    Hamidi, Samer (24366336000)
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    Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)
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    Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100)
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    Hoang, Chi Linh (57205123375)
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    Horita, Nobuyuki (57217110823)
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    Hostiuc, Mihaela (51763789200)
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    Househ, Mowafa (8667908000)
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    Iavicoli, Ivo (6603685479)
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    Ilic, Irena M. (57210823522)
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    Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394)
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    Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543)
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    Islami, Farhad (56926442900)
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    Kamath, Ashwin (35724313100)
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    Kaur, Supreet (57213734521)
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    Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800)
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    Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500)
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    La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200)
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    Lan, Qing (23970641100)
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    Landires, Iván (15063040000)
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    Lasrado, Savita (36632480900)
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    Lauriola, Paolo (7004129174)
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    Leong, Elvynna (56462346200)
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    Li, Bingyu (57205248886)
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    Lim, Stephen S. (57201800433)
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    Lopez, Alan D. (7401455668)
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    Majeed, Azeem (7102027801)
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    Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760)
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    Manafi, Navid (57190424904)
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    Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900)
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    Miazgowski, Tomasz (6701404689)
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    Misra, Sanjeev (35501005200)
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    Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah (55602206500)
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    Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000)
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    Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962)
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    Molassiotis, Alex (7006805773)
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    Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497)
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    Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah (55179399300)
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    Morawska, Lidia (7004773965)
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    Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana (57204560697)
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    Morrison, Shane Douglas (45661573100)
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    Naimzada, Mukhammad David (57209744761)
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    Nazari, Javad (57207759174)
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    Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200)
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    Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406)
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    Nikbakhsh, Rajan (57204566375)
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    Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia (15063201000)
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    Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700)
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    Otstavnov, Nikita (57202947262)
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    Otstavnov, Stanislav S. (57204561394)
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    Mahesh, P.A. (57202421244)
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    Pana, Adrian (57191837583)
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    Park, Eun-Kee (57216814178)
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    Pottoo, Faheem Hyder (56394551400)
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    Pourshams, Akram (6507521541)
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    Rabiee, Mohammad (24587922100)
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    Rabiee, Navid (57201008317)
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    Radfar, Amir (57194428768)
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    Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200)
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    Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600)
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    Ram, Pradhum (55961669800)
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    Rathi, Priya (57216633909)
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    Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052)
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    Rawaf, Salman (6602475959)
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    Rezaei, Nima (57216077273)
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    Roberts, Nicholas L.S. (57204562597)
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    Roberts, Thomas J. (57190111163)
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    Ronfani, Luca (6602565620)
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    Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800)
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    Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300)
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    Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346)
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    Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500)
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    Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola (57201292772)
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    Sekerija, Mario (30268005400)
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    Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000)
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    Sha, Feng (57190308655)
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    Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601)
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    Sharma, Rajesh (58228412600)
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    Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962)
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    Sheikhbahaei, Sara (57219637352)
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    Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K. (57208838253)
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    Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736)
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    Sitas, Freddy (7003393668)
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    Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth (57218543838)
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    Steiropoulos, Paschalis (55965229900)
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    Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102)
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    Tadesse, Eyayou Girma (57221591705)
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    Takahashi, Ken (55741242600)
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    Traini, Eugenio (57211137081)
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    Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515)
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    Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536)
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    Travillian, Ravensara S. (8242478000)
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    Vacante, Marco (23037085900)
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    Villeneuve, Paul J. (7102602822)
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    Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890)
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    Yousefi, Zabihollah (9743306100)
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    Yuce, Deniz (57514476300)
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    Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428)
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    Zamanian, Maryam (57201292465)
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    Zendehdel, Kazem (23483051200)
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    Zhang, Jianrong (56966801100)
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    Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400)
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    Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611)
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    Murray, Christopher J.L. (57224556036)
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    Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323)
    Background Prevention, control, and treatment of respiratory tract cancers are important steps towards achieving target 3.4 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—a one-third reduction in premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases by 2030. We aimed to provide global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 methodology, we evaluated the incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of respiratory tract cancers (ie, tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer). Deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer attributable to each risk factor were estimated on the basis of risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input from 204 countries and territories, stratified by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Trends were estimated from 1990 to 2019, with an emphasis on the 2010-19 period. Findings Globally, there were 2·26 million (95% uncertainty interval 2·07 to 2·45) new cases of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer, and 2·04 million (1·88 to 2·19) deaths and 45·9 million (42·3 to 49·3) DALYs due to tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer in 2019. There were 209 000 (194 000 to 225 000) new cases of larynx cancer, and 123 000 (115 000 to 133 000) deaths and 3·26 million (3·03 to 3·51) DALYs due to larynx cancer globally in 2019. From 2010 to 2019, the number of new tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer cases increased by 23·3% (12·9 to 33·6) globally and the number of larynx cancer cases increased by 24·7% (16·0 to 34·1) globally. Global age-standardised incidence rates of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer decreased by 7·4% (−16·8 to 1·6) and age-standardised incidence rates of larynx cancer decreased by 3 ·0% (−10·5 to 5·0) in males over the past decade; however, during the same period, age-standardised incidence rates in females increased by 0·9% (−8·2 to 10·2) for tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and decreased by 0·5% (−8·4 to 8·1) for larynx cancer. Furthermore, although age-standardised incidence and death rates declined in both sexes combined from 2010 to 2019 at the global level for tracheal, bronchus, lung and larynx cancers, some locations had rising rates, particularly those on the lower end of the SDI range. Smoking contributed to an estimated 64·2% (61·9–66·4) of all deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and 63·4% (56·3–69·3) of all deaths from larynx cancer in 2019. For males and for both sexes combined, smoking was the leading specific risk factor for age-standardised deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer per 100 000 in all SDI quintiles and GBD regions in 2019. However, among females, household air pollution from solid fuels was the leading specific risk factor in the low SDI quintile and in three GBD regions (central, eastern, and western sub-Saharan Africa) in 2019. Interpretation The numbers of incident cases and deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer increased globally during the past decade. Even more concerning, age-standardised incidence and death rates due to tracheal, bronchus, lung cancer and larynx cancer increased in some populations—namely, in the lower SDI quintiles and among females. Preventive measures such as smoking control interventions, air quality management programmes focused on major air pollution sources, and widespread access to clean energy should be prioritised in these settings. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
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    Publication
    The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    (2022)
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    Zhang, Jianrong (56966801100)
    ;
    Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400)
    ;
    Ziapour, Arash (57202571078)
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    Zoladl, Mohammad (53980736300)
    ;
    Murray, Christopher J. L. (57224556036)
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    Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757)
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    Bleyer, Archie (57192109538)
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    Bhakta, Nickhill (55503867200)
    Background: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15–39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11–1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000–425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15–39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5–65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8–57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9–15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6–14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9–25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9–3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4–98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation: Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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    The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Adult Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer in 204 Countries and Territories: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    (2023)
    Da Cunha, Amanda Ramos (57214078354)
    ;
    Compton, Kelly (57205330541)
    ;
    Xu, Rixing (57204186670)
    ;
    Mishra, Rashmi (59585097000)
    ;
    Drangsholt, Mark Thomas (6701699849)
    ;
    Antunes, Jose Leopoldo Ferreira (7005765907)
    ;
    Kerr, Alexander R. (24477055900)
    ;
    Acheson, Alistair R. (57912642400)
    ;
    Lu, Dan (59057346200)
    ;
    Wallace, Lindsey E. (57356541900)
    ;
    Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800)
    ;
    Fu, Weijia (57218882680)
    ;
    Dean, Frances E. (57211949247)
    ;
    Pennini, Alyssa (57210820174)
    ;
    Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline (57219861283)
    ;
    Alam, Tahiya (57205589820)
    ;
    Ababneh, Emad (57210792873)
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    Abd-Elsalam, Sherief (57189845325)
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    Abdoun, Meriem (20336514800)
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    Abidi, Hassan (36769387800)
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    Abubaker Ali, Hiwa (57441328600)
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    Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800)
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    Adane, Tigist Demssew (57219700847)
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    Addo, Isaac Yeboah (56305995900)
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    Ahmad, Aqeel (57210400531)
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    Ahmad, Sajjad (57218961022)
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    Ahmed Rashid, Tarik (57023479100)
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    Akonde, Maxwell (57221786267)
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    Al Hamad, Hanadi (56955516200)
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    Alahdab, Fares (55135922900)
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    Alimohamadi, Yousef (56069375900)
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    Alipour, Vahid (56436629300)
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    Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali (36023535700)
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    Alsharif, Ubai (57211633255)
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    Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza (57192807651)
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    Anwar, Sumadi Lukman (55251130100)
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    Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward (57192947419)
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    Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927)
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    Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. (35386103000)
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    Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo (57200625209)
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    Asaad, Malke (57209296864)
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    Ashraf, Tahira (56366752600)
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    Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin (26653399600)
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    Attia, Sameh (57191255716)
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    Azadnajafabad, Sina (57219389837)
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    Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza (57219384569)
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    Badar, Muhammad (59429105700)
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    Baghcheghi, Nayereh (35092167000)
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    Banach, Maciej (22936699500)
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    Bardhan, Mainak (57819452400)
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    Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat (57194494747)
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    Bashir, Nasir Z. (57219778431)
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    Bashiri, Azadeh (56900999700)
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    Benzian, Habib (57195256480)
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    Bernabe, Eduardo (57194696150)
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    Bhagat, Devidas S. (57327243700)
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    Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S. (55989506600)
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    Bjørge, Tone (7004208100)
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    Bouaoud, Souad (57196422454)
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    Braithwaite, Dejana (7006987079)
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    Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich (7004344976)
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    Calina, Daniela (36451890700)
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    Carreras, Giulia (57221176357)
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    Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo (57218384775)
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    Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500)
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    Chaurasia, Akhilanand (57189323507)
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    Chen, Meng Xuan (57216954444)
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    Cho, William C. S. (58556411300)
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    Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300)
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    Chukwu, Isaac Sunday (57217204488)
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    Chung, Eunice (58652631100)
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    Cruz-Martins, Natália (57203415019)
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    Dadras, Omid (57205721978)
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    Dai, Xiaochen (58530783700)
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    Dandona, Lalit (7007017243)
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    Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697)
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    Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz (55341296000)
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    Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza (24438229500)
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    Darwesh, Aso Mohammad (57199749880)
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    Debela, Sisay Abebe (57209640708)
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    Derbew Molla, Meseret (57211542342)
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    Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu (57459332800)
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    Dianati-Nasab, Mostafa (57281638900)
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    Digesa, Lankamo Ena (57223025144)
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    Dixit, Shilpi Gupta (23993802900)
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    Dixit, Abhinav (8728401600)
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    Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000)
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    El Sayed, Iman (7004479194)
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    El Tantawi, Maha (57214851491)
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    Enyew, Daniel Berhanie (57226671568)
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    Erku, Daniel Asfaw (57190738018)
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    Ezzeddini, Rana (54917204900)
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    Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis (50861113000)
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    Falzone, Luca (57057684700)
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    Fetensa, Getahun (57211853863)
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    Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300)
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    Gaewkhiew, Piyada (57194079692)
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    Gallus, Silvano (7005387365)
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    Gebrehiwot, Mesfin (57192100745)
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    Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020)
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    Gill, Paramjit Singh (7202766660)
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    Golechha, Mahaveer (36006347600)
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    Goleij, Pouya (57217533849)
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    Gomez, Ricardo Santiago (7402250311)
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    Gorini, Giuseppe (56509988200)
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    Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena (7102920800)
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    Gupta, Bhawna (56763353100)
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    Gupta, Sapna (57217857409)
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    Gupta, Veer Bala (57194978364)
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    Gupta, Vivek Kumar (35073936800)
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    Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364)
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    Halboub, Esam S. (36028027700)
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    Halwani, Rabih (15065354400)
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    Hanif, Asif (55360052800)
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    Hariyani, Ninuk (57190349243)
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    Harorani, Mehdi (57195316126)
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    Hasani, Hamidreza (55632123200)
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    Hassan, Abbas M. (57659064800)
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    Hassanipour, Soheil (57191513993)
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    Hassen, Mohammed Bheser (58491683100)
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    Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)
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    Hayat, Khezar (57219918947)
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    Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana (57204618451)
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    Holla, Ramesh (55270371800)
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    Horita, Nobuyuki (57217110823)
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    Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569)
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    Hussain, Salman (57193956545)
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    Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800)
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    Ilic, Irena M. (57210823522)
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    Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394)
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    Isola, Gaetano (25825125500)
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    Jaiswal, Abhishek (57196884767)
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    Jani, Chinmay T. (57218651211)
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    Javaheri, Tahereh (36102883000)
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    Jayarajah, Umesh (57192238672)
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    Jayaram, Shubha (57221589240)
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    Joseph, Nitin (35292547200)
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    Kadashetti, Vidya (56724219200)
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    Kandaswamy, Eswar (57191343580)
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    Karanth, Shama D. (57208742503)
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    Karaye, Ibraheem M. (55598638900)
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    Kauppila, Joonas H. (37665210400)
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    Kaur, Harkiran (57860762900)
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    Keykhaei, Mohammad (57208162861)
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    Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600)
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    Khajuria, Himanshu (56639982500)
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    Khanali, Javad (57219388410)
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    Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli (25825057100)
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    Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza (57132486000)
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    Khazeei Tabari, Mohammad Amin (57217587801)
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    Kim, Min Seo (57203591936)
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    Kompani, Farzad (56071483000)
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    Koohestani, Hamid Reza (26423051700)
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    Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500)
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    Kurmi, Om P. (57219034567)
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    La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200)
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    Lal, Dharmesh Kumar (57222488984)
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    Landires, Iván (15063040000)
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    Lasrado, Savita (36632480900)
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    Ledda, Caterina (54885410300)
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    Lee, Yo Han (57193632340)
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    Libra, Massimo (6603852432)
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    Lim, Stephen S. (57201800433)
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    Listl, Stefan (35759488300)
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    Lopukhov, Platon D. (57191340780)
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    Mafi, Ahmad R. (23571119200)
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    Mahumud, Rashidul Alam (57188551083)
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    Malik, Ahmad Azam (57198682313)
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    Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300)
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    Maulud, Sazan Qadir (57205675578)
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    Meena, Jitendra Kumar (57217997226)
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    Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar (56062744400)
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    Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107)
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    Mirfakhraie, Reza (57923553700)
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    Misganaw, Awoke (57202808713)
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    Misra, Sanjeev (35501005200)
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    Mithra, Prasanna (36018632500)
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    Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710)
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    Mohammadi, Mokhtar (57188972365)
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    Mohammadi, Esmaeil (57210443452)
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    Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962)
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    Moni, Mohammad Ali (35119094400)
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    Moraga, Paula (46761426800)
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    Morrison, Shane Douglas (45661573100)
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    Mozaffari, Hamid Reza (56789924600)
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    Mubarik, Sumaira (57202290474)
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    Murray, Christopher J. L. (57224556036)
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    Nair, Tapas Sadasivan (59496484400)
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    Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas (57226829643)
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    Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod (26530691100)
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    Nassereldine, Hasan (57226192220)
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    Natto, Zuhair S. (37000768500)
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    Nayak, Biswa Prakash (56639942500)
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    Negru, Serban Mircea (6602216697)
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    Nggada, Haruna Asura (8376121100)
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    Nouraei, Hasti (55360408900)
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    Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia (15063201000)
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    Oancea, Bogdan (26658614800)
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    Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700)
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    Omar Bali, Ahmed (57201273344)
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    Padron-Monedero, Alicia (56532107100)
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    Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300)
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    Pandey, Anamika (55633420800)
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    Pardhan, Shahina (7003706887)
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    Patel, Jay (59222700400)
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    Pezzani, Raffaele (6602481624)
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    Piracha, Zahra Zahid (57189084862)
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    Rabiee, Navid (57201008317)
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    Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman (34873452800)
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    Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal (7103113006)
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    Rahmani, Amir Masoud (57204588830)
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    Rahmanian, Vahid (55367908800)
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    Rao, Chythra R. (35771430100)
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    Rao, Sowmya J. (57195423591)
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    Rath, Goura Kishor (35444818200)
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    Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052)
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    Rawaf, Salman (6602475959)
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    Rawassizadeh, Reza (36634807900)
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    Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh (57203060460)
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    Rezaei, Nazila (36700192900)
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    Rezaei, Negar (57218820767)
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    Rezaei, Nima (57216077273)
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    Rezapour, Aziz (55548281300)
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    Riad, Abanoub (57218221621)
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    Roberts, Thomas J. (57190111163)
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    Romero-Rodríguez, Esperanza (57189989890)
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    Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800)
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    Manjula, S. (57405727400)
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    Chandan, S.N. (58523385100)
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    Saddik, Basema (23020079300)
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    Saeb, Mohammad Reza (24833454900)
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    Saeed, Umar (36612315100)
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    Safaei, Mohsen (36612136800)
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    Sahebazzamani, Maryam (57350889700)
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    Sahebkar, Amirhossein (26639699900)
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    Salek Farrokhi, Amir (57191290025)
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    Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300)
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    Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346)
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    Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500)
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    Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691)
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    Šekerija, Mario (30268005400)
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    Senthilkumaran, Subramanian (36191387000)
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    Seylani, Allen (57222325334)
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    Shafaat, Omid (55567483500)
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    Shahsavari, Hamid R. (6505834447)
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    Shamsoddin, Erfan (57208402503)
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    Sharew, Mequannent Melaku (57224505062)
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    Sharifi-Rad, Javad (56022647300)
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    Shetty, Jeevan K. (15844347300)
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    Shivakumar, K.M. (57221603938)
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    Shobeiri, Parnian (57218601156)
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    Shorofi, Seyed Afshin (35086976700)
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    Shrestha, Sunil (56453947500)
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    Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K. (57208838253)
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    Singh, Paramdeep (57202809996)
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    Singh, Jasvinder A. (58179112300)
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    Singh, Garima (57224794687)
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    Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609)
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    Solomon, Yonatan (57220875005)
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    Suleman, Muhammad (57196800921)
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    Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan (57226832737)
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    Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman (57211386327)
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    Talaat, Iman M. (7801465176)
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    Tan, Ker-Kan (16745396700)
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    Tbakhi, Abdelghani (6602349888)
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    Thiyagarajan, Arulmani (57208205338)
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    Tiyuri, Amir (57201850751)
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    Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900)
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    Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran (12790012100)
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    Vo, Bay (35147075900)
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    Volovat, Simona Ruxandra (44961657900)
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    Wang, Cong (15924372200)
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    Westerman, Ronny (57218361023)
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    Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana (55326938000)
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    Xiao, Hong (57214631433)
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    Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344)
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    Yuce, Deniz (57514476300)
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    Yunusa, Ismaeel (57202137670)
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    Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428)
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    Zare, Iman (57224488480)
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    Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400)
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    Zoladl, Mohammad (53980736300)
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    Force, Lisa M. (57188548035)
    ;
    Hugo, Fernando N. (13403199800)
    Importance: Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning. Objective: To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates. Evidence Review: The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019. Findings: In 2019, 370000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338000-401000) cases and 199000 (95% UI, 181000-217000) deaths for LOC and 167000 (95% UI, 153000-180000) cases and 114000 (95% UI, 103000-126000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia. Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts. © 2023 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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    Publication
    The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Adult Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer in 204 Countries and Territories: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    (2023)
    Da Cunha, Amanda Ramos (57214078354)
    ;
    Compton, Kelly (57205330541)
    ;
    Xu, Rixing (57204186670)
    ;
    Mishra, Rashmi (59585097000)
    ;
    Drangsholt, Mark Thomas (6701699849)
    ;
    Antunes, Jose Leopoldo Ferreira (7005765907)
    ;
    Kerr, Alexander R. (24477055900)
    ;
    Acheson, Alistair R. (57912642400)
    ;
    Lu, Dan (59057346200)
    ;
    Wallace, Lindsey E. (57356541900)
    ;
    Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800)
    ;
    Fu, Weijia (57218882680)
    ;
    Dean, Frances E. (57211949247)
    ;
    Pennini, Alyssa (57210820174)
    ;
    Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline (57219861283)
    ;
    Alam, Tahiya (57205589820)
    ;
    Ababneh, Emad (57210792873)
    ;
    Abd-Elsalam, Sherief (57189845325)
    ;
    Abdoun, Meriem (20336514800)
    ;
    Abidi, Hassan (36769387800)
    ;
    Abubaker Ali, Hiwa (57441328600)
    ;
    Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800)
    ;
    Adane, Tigist Demssew (57219700847)
    ;
    Addo, Isaac Yeboah (56305995900)
    ;
    Ahmad, Aqeel (57210400531)
    ;
    Ahmad, Sajjad (57218961022)
    ;
    Ahmed Rashid, Tarik (57023479100)
    ;
    Akonde, Maxwell (57221786267)
    ;
    Al Hamad, Hanadi (56955516200)
    ;
    Alahdab, Fares (55135922900)
    ;
    Alimohamadi, Yousef (56069375900)
    ;
    Alipour, Vahid (56436629300)
    ;
    Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali (36023535700)
    ;
    Alsharif, Ubai (57211633255)
    ;
    Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza (57192807651)
    ;
    Anwar, Sumadi Lukman (55251130100)
    ;
    Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward (57192947419)
    ;
    Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927)
    ;
    Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. (35386103000)
    ;
    Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo (57200625209)
    ;
    Asaad, Malke (57209296864)
    ;
    Ashraf, Tahira (56366752600)
    ;
    Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin (26653399600)
    ;
    Attia, Sameh (57191255716)
    ;
    Azadnajafabad, Sina (57219389837)
    ;
    Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza (57219384569)
    ;
    Badar, Muhammad (59429105700)
    ;
    Baghcheghi, Nayereh (35092167000)
    ;
    Banach, Maciej (22936699500)
    ;
    Bardhan, Mainak (57819452400)
    ;
    Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat (57194494747)
    ;
    Bashir, Nasir Z. (57219778431)
    ;
    Bashiri, Azadeh (56900999700)
    ;
    Benzian, Habib (57195256480)
    ;
    Bernabe, Eduardo (57194696150)
    ;
    Bhagat, Devidas S. (57327243700)
    ;
    Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S. (55989506600)
    ;
    Bjørge, Tone (7004208100)
    ;
    Bouaoud, Souad (57196422454)
    ;
    Braithwaite, Dejana (7006987079)
    ;
    Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich (7004344976)
    ;
    Calina, Daniela (36451890700)
    ;
    Carreras, Giulia (57221176357)
    ;
    Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo (57218384775)
    ;
    Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500)
    ;
    Chaurasia, Akhilanand (57189323507)
    ;
    Chen, Meng Xuan (57216954444)
    ;
    Cho, William C. S. (58556411300)
    ;
    Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300)
    ;
    Chukwu, Isaac Sunday (57217204488)
    ;
    Chung, Eunice (58652631100)
    ;
    Cruz-Martins, Natália (57203415019)
    ;
    Dadras, Omid (57205721978)
    ;
    Dai, Xiaochen (58530783700)
    ;
    Dandona, Lalit (7007017243)
    ;
    Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697)
    ;
    Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz (55341296000)
    ;
    Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza (24438229500)
    ;
    Darwesh, Aso Mohammad (57199749880)
    ;
    Debela, Sisay Abebe (57209640708)
    ;
    Derbew Molla, Meseret (57211542342)
    ;
    Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu (57459332800)
    ;
    Dianati-Nasab, Mostafa (57281638900)
    ;
    Digesa, Lankamo Ena (57223025144)
    ;
    Dixit, Shilpi Gupta (23993802900)
    ;
    Dixit, Abhinav (8728401600)
    ;
    Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000)
    ;
    El Sayed, Iman (7004479194)
    ;
    El Tantawi, Maha (57214851491)
    ;
    Enyew, Daniel Berhanie (57226671568)
    ;
    Erku, Daniel Asfaw (57190738018)
    ;
    Ezzeddini, Rana (54917204900)
    ;
    Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis (50861113000)
    ;
    Falzone, Luca (57057684700)
    ;
    Fetensa, Getahun (57211853863)
    ;
    Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300)
    ;
    Gaewkhiew, Piyada (57194079692)
    ;
    Gallus, Silvano (7005387365)
    ;
    Gebrehiwot, Mesfin (57192100745)
    ;
    Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020)
    ;
    Gill, Paramjit Singh (7202766660)
    ;
    Golechha, Mahaveer (36006347600)
    ;
    Goleij, Pouya (57217533849)
    ;
    Gomez, Ricardo Santiago (7402250311)
    ;
    Gorini, Giuseppe (56509988200)
    ;
    Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena (7102920800)
    ;
    Gupta, Bhawna (56763353100)
    ;
    Gupta, Sapna (57217857409)
    ;
    Gupta, Veer Bala (57194978364)
    ;
    Gupta, Vivek Kumar (35073936800)
    ;
    Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364)
    ;
    Halboub, Esam S. (36028027700)
    ;
    Halwani, Rabih (15065354400)
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    Hanif, Asif (55360052800)
    ;
    Hariyani, Ninuk (57190349243)
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    Harorani, Mehdi (57195316126)
    ;
    Hasani, Hamidreza (55632123200)
    ;
    Hassan, Abbas M. (57659064800)
    ;
    Hassanipour, Soheil (57191513993)
    ;
    Hassen, Mohammed Bheser (58491683100)
    ;
    Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)
    ;
    Hayat, Khezar (57219918947)
    ;
    Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana (57204618451)
    ;
    Holla, Ramesh (55270371800)
    ;
    Horita, Nobuyuki (57217110823)
    ;
    Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569)
    ;
    Hussain, Salman (57193956545)
    ;
    Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800)
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    Ilic, Irena M. (57210823522)
    ;
    Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394)
    ;
    Isola, Gaetano (25825125500)
    ;
    Jaiswal, Abhishek (57196884767)
    ;
    Jani, Chinmay T. (57218651211)
    ;
    Javaheri, Tahereh (36102883000)
    ;
    Jayarajah, Umesh (57192238672)
    ;
    Jayaram, Shubha (57221589240)
    ;
    Joseph, Nitin (35292547200)
    ;
    Kadashetti, Vidya (56724219200)
    ;
    Kandaswamy, Eswar (57191343580)
    ;
    Karanth, Shama D. (57208742503)
    ;
    Karaye, Ibraheem M. (55598638900)
    ;
    Kauppila, Joonas H. (37665210400)
    ;
    Kaur, Harkiran (57860762900)
    ;
    Keykhaei, Mohammad (57208162861)
    ;
    Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600)
    ;
    Khajuria, Himanshu (56639982500)
    ;
    Khanali, Javad (57219388410)
    ;
    Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli (25825057100)
    ;
    Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza (57132486000)
    ;
    Khazeei Tabari, Mohammad Amin (57217587801)
    ;
    Kim, Min Seo (57203591936)
    ;
    Kompani, Farzad (56071483000)
    ;
    Koohestani, Hamid Reza (26423051700)
    ;
    Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500)
    ;
    Kurmi, Om P. (57219034567)
    ;
    La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200)
    ;
    Lal, Dharmesh Kumar (57222488984)
    ;
    Landires, Iván (15063040000)
    ;
    Lasrado, Savita (36632480900)
    ;
    Ledda, Caterina (54885410300)
    ;
    Lee, Yo Han (57193632340)
    ;
    Libra, Massimo (6603852432)
    ;
    Lim, Stephen S. (57201800433)
    ;
    Listl, Stefan (35759488300)
    ;
    Lopukhov, Platon D. (57191340780)
    ;
    Mafi, Ahmad R. (23571119200)
    ;
    Mahumud, Rashidul Alam (57188551083)
    ;
    Malik, Ahmad Azam (57198682313)
    ;
    Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300)
    ;
    Maulud, Sazan Qadir (57205675578)
    ;
    Meena, Jitendra Kumar (57217997226)
    ;
    Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar (56062744400)
    ;
    Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107)
    ;
    Mirfakhraie, Reza (57923553700)
    ;
    Misganaw, Awoke (57202808713)
    ;
    Misra, Sanjeev (35501005200)
    ;
    Mithra, Prasanna (36018632500)
    ;
    Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710)
    ;
    Mohammadi, Mokhtar (57188972365)
    ;
    Mohammadi, Esmaeil (57210443452)
    ;
    Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962)
    ;
    Moni, Mohammad Ali (35119094400)
    ;
    Moraga, Paula (46761426800)
    ;
    Morrison, Shane Douglas (45661573100)
    ;
    Mozaffari, Hamid Reza (56789924600)
    ;
    Mubarik, Sumaira (57202290474)
    ;
    Murray, Christopher J. L. (57224556036)
    ;
    Nair, Tapas Sadasivan (59496484400)
    ;
    Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas (57226829643)
    ;
    Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod (26530691100)
    ;
    Nassereldine, Hasan (57226192220)
    ;
    Natto, Zuhair S. (37000768500)
    ;
    Nayak, Biswa Prakash (56639942500)
    ;
    Negru, Serban Mircea (6602216697)
    ;
    Nggada, Haruna Asura (8376121100)
    ;
    Nouraei, Hasti (55360408900)
    ;
    Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia (15063201000)
    ;
    Oancea, Bogdan (26658614800)
    ;
    Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700)
    ;
    Omar Bali, Ahmed (57201273344)
    ;
    Padron-Monedero, Alicia (56532107100)
    ;
    Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300)
    ;
    Pandey, Anamika (55633420800)
    ;
    Pardhan, Shahina (7003706887)
    ;
    Patel, Jay (59222700400)
    ;
    Pezzani, Raffaele (6602481624)
    ;
    Piracha, Zahra Zahid (57189084862)
    ;
    Rabiee, Navid (57201008317)
    ;
    Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman (34873452800)
    ;
    Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal (7103113006)
    ;
    Rahmani, Amir Masoud (57204588830)
    ;
    Rahmanian, Vahid (55367908800)
    ;
    Rao, Chythra R. (35771430100)
    ;
    Rao, Sowmya J. (57195423591)
    ;
    Rath, Goura Kishor (35444818200)
    ;
    Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052)
    ;
    Rawaf, Salman (6602475959)
    ;
    Rawassizadeh, Reza (36634807900)
    ;
    Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh (57203060460)
    ;
    Rezaei, Nazila (36700192900)
    ;
    Rezaei, Negar (57218820767)
    ;
    Rezaei, Nima (57216077273)
    ;
    Rezapour, Aziz (55548281300)
    ;
    Riad, Abanoub (57218221621)
    ;
    Roberts, Thomas J. (57190111163)
    ;
    Romero-Rodríguez, Esperanza (57189989890)
    ;
    Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800)
    ;
    Manjula, S. (57405727400)
    ;
    Chandan, S.N. (58523385100)
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    Saddik, Basema (23020079300)
    ;
    Saeb, Mohammad Reza (24833454900)
    ;
    Saeed, Umar (36612315100)
    ;
    Safaei, Mohsen (36612136800)
    ;
    Sahebazzamani, Maryam (57350889700)
    ;
    Sahebkar, Amirhossein (26639699900)
    ;
    Salek Farrokhi, Amir (57191290025)
    ;
    Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300)
    ;
    Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346)
    ;
    Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500)
    ;
    Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691)
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    Šekerija, Mario (30268005400)
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    Senthilkumaran, Subramanian (36191387000)
    ;
    Seylani, Allen (57222325334)
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    Shafaat, Omid (55567483500)
    ;
    Shahsavari, Hamid R. (6505834447)
    ;
    Shamsoddin, Erfan (57208402503)
    ;
    Sharew, Mequannent Melaku (57224505062)
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    Sharifi-Rad, Javad (56022647300)
    ;
    Shetty, Jeevan K. (15844347300)
    ;
    Shivakumar, K.M. (57221603938)
    ;
    Shobeiri, Parnian (57218601156)
    ;
    Shorofi, Seyed Afshin (35086976700)
    ;
    Shrestha, Sunil (56453947500)
    ;
    Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K. (57208838253)
    ;
    Singh, Paramdeep (57202809996)
    ;
    Singh, Jasvinder A. (58179112300)
    ;
    Singh, Garima (57224794687)
    ;
    Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609)
    ;
    Solomon, Yonatan (57220875005)
    ;
    Suleman, Muhammad (57196800921)
    ;
    Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan (57226832737)
    ;
    Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman (57211386327)
    ;
    Talaat, Iman M. (7801465176)
    ;
    Tan, Ker-Kan (16745396700)
    ;
    Tbakhi, Abdelghani (6602349888)
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    Thiyagarajan, Arulmani (57208205338)
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    Tiyuri, Amir (57201850751)
    ;
    Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900)
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    Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran (12790012100)
    ;
    Vo, Bay (35147075900)
    ;
    Volovat, Simona Ruxandra (44961657900)
    ;
    Wang, Cong (15924372200)
    ;
    Westerman, Ronny (57218361023)
    ;
    Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana (55326938000)
    ;
    Xiao, Hong (57214631433)
    ;
    Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344)
    ;
    Yuce, Deniz (57514476300)
    ;
    Yunusa, Ismaeel (57202137670)
    ;
    Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428)
    ;
    Zare, Iman (57224488480)
    ;
    Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400)
    ;
    Zoladl, Mohammad (53980736300)
    ;
    Force, Lisa M. (57188548035)
    ;
    Hugo, Fernando N. (13403199800)
    Importance: Lip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning. Objective: To analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates. Evidence Review: The incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019. Findings: In 2019, 370000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338000-401000) cases and 199000 (95% UI, 181000-217000) deaths for LOC and 167000 (95% UI, 153000-180000) cases and 114000 (95% UI, 103000-126000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia. Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts. © 2023 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

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