Browsing by Author "Cohen, A.J. (7404780942)"
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Publication Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2020) ;Abbafati, C. (54917122400) ;Machado, D.B. (56644244100) ;Cislaghi, B. (57194144936) ;Salman, O.M. (57218687764) ;Karanikolos, M. (45961091300) ;McKee, M. (7202304775) ;Abbas, K.M. (57190285707) ;Brady, O.J. (57218716651) ;Larson, H.J. (57223681247) ;Trias-Llimós, S. (57191617020) ;Cummins, S. (9735960200) ;Langan, S.M. (55490520500) ;Sartorius, B. (12788526800) ;Hafiz, A. (57202393213) ;Jenabi, E. (15755615100) ;Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N. (57552959000) ;Borzouei, S. (16678312200) ;Azarian, G. (57220306214) ;Khazaei, S. (55420466900) ;Abbasi, M. (57220606911) ;Asghari, B. (56779960900) ;Masoumi, S. (55769011500) ;Komaki, H. (56712484800) ;Taherkhani, A. (57203973738) ;Adabi, M. (57190491886) ;Abbasifard, M. (37053407900) ;Bazmandegan, G. (56786286000) ;Kamiab, Z. (57193232347) ;Vakilian, A. (15833586300) ;Anjomshoa, M. (57204563282) ;Mokari, A. (57204329164) ;Sabour, S. (16307842100) ;Shahbaz, M. (57222727777) ;Saeedi, R. (16301725400) ;Ahmadieh, H. (57203677679) ;Yousefinezhadi, T. (57039201000) ;Haj-Mirzaian, A. (57210768364) ;Nikbakhsh, R. (57204566375) ;Safi, S. (57219477293) ;Asgari, S. (56010419200) ;Irvani, S.N. (57202975543) ;Jahanmehr, N. (57203122718) ;Ramezanzadeh, K. (57200621924) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, M. (57193543882) ;Khayamzadeh, M. (57212086295) ;Abbastabar, H. (57212441848) ;Shirkoohi, R. (12776374400) ;Fazlzadeh, M. (55199878200) ;Janjani, H. (56229934200) ;Hosseini, M. (57204569481) ;Mansournia, M. (34570618600) ;Tohidinik, H. (56875390400) ;Bakhtiari, A. (56285704100) ;Fazaeli, A. (57204568731) ;Mousavi, S. (56165159700) ;Hasanzadeh, A. (57193162243) ;Nabavizadeh, B. (57222103426) ;Malekzadeh, R. (7005197760) ;Hashemian, M. (42561197000) ;Pourshams, A. (6507521541) ;Salimzadeh, H. (23052386900) ;Sepanlou, S.G. (36248136000) ;Afarideh, M. (56227034300) ;Esteghamati, A. (11240321100) ;Esteghamati, S. (54906169400) ;Ghajar, A. (56226089600) ;Heidari, B. (6603217356) ;Rezaei, N. (57218820767) ;Mohamadi, E. (57202198397) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, A. (8696686900) ;Rahim, F. (23052247800) ;Eskandarieh, S. (57211720158) ;Sahraian, M. (55886074600) ;Mohebi, F. (55633844600) ;Aminorroaya, A. (57567919700) ;Ebrahimi, H. (57195329214) ;Farzadfar, F. (57195049611) ;Mohajer, B. (57039225300) ;Pishgar, F. (56676403900) ;Saeedi Moghaddam, S. (56071020000) ;Shabani, M. (57192437187) ;Zarafshan, H. (55674863400) ;Abolhassani, H. (58597704600) ;Hafezi-Nejad, N. (57216814261) ;Heidari-Soureshjani, R. (57204841868) ;Abdollahi, M. (57940559800) ;Farahmand, M. (57147377700) ;Salamati, P. (14045860600) ;Mehrabi Nasab, E. (56062744400) ;Tajdini, M. (55307976100) ;Aghamir, S. (6508244234) ;Mirzaei, R. (55745833800) ;Dibaji Forooshani, Z. (57215716892) ;Khater, M.M. (57203308114) ;Abd-Allah, F. (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, A. (7801307783) ;Abualhasan, A. (57211135523) ;El-Jaafary, S.I. (34869528300) ;Hassan, A. (55618204400) ;Elsharkawy, A. (55683285000) ;Khater, A.M. (57211138055) ;Elhabashy, H.R. (34869491800) ;Salem, M.R.R. (57194137372) ;Salem, H. (16246117500) ;Sadeghi, M. (35516248000) ;Jafarinia, M. (57194211648) ;Amini-Rarani, M. (55768670300) ;Mohammadifard, N. (23110866700) ;Sarrafzadegan, N. (6701751316) ;Abdollahpour, I. (36997151900) ;Sarveazad, A. (54882387000) ;Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. (57204006020) ;Yoosefi Lebni, J. (57209261974) ;Manafi, N. (57190424904) ;Pazoki Toroudi, H. (24822763100) ;Dorostkar, F. (57214882995) ;Alipour, V. (56436629300) ;Sheikhtaheri, A. (28568128800) ;Arabloo, J. (57208760927) ;Azari, S. (56396696500) ;Ghashghaee, A. (57194174020) ;Rezapour, A. (55548281300) ;Naserbakht, M. (35730253500) ;Kabir, A. (23050698400) ;Mehri, F. (57211542603) ;Yousefifard, M. (57204566585) ;Asadi-Aliabadi, M. (58135916600) ;Babaee, E. (57217157164) ;Eshrati, B. (16030619200) ;Goharinezhad, S. (56731088600) ;Moradi-Lakeh, M. (35617421300) ;Abedi, P. (57219860997) ;Rashedi, V. (55775014100) ;Kumar, V. (57459719500) ;Elgendy, I.Y. (56022050500) ;Basu, S. (9335409500) ;Park, J. (59870205900) ;Pereira, A. (7402230187) ;Norheim, O.F. (7004082597) ;Eagan, A.W. (57192248890) ;Cahill, L.E. (35087909400) ;Sheikh, A. (7202522962) ;Abushouk, A.I. (57191479876) ;Kraemer, M.U.G. (56308225600) ;Thakur, B. (56810826900) ;Bärnighausen, T.W. (23011726900) ;Shrime, M.G. (57204703404) ;Abedi, A. (56673854800) ;Doshi, C.P. (58416032700) ;Abegaz, K.H. (57200726326) ;Geberemariyam, B.S. (57204583027) ;Aynalem, Y.A. (57214332450) ;Shiferaw, W.S. (57214329180) ;Abosetugn, A.E. (57041277200) ;Aboyans, V. (56214736500) ;Abrams, E.M. (53363080800) ;Gitimoghaddam, M. (55954313300) ;Kissoon, N. (7006364038) ;Stubbs, J.L. (57199173174) ;Brauer, M. (57218330976) ;Iyamu, I.O. (57219860603) ;Kopec, J.A. (7006284395) ;Pourmalek, F. (8309390500) ;Ribeiro, A.P. (58592840400) ;Malta, D.C. (15835283500) ;Gomez, R.S. (7402250311) ;Abreu, L.G. (55937631400) ;Abrigo, M.R.M. (56018773400) ;Almulhim, A.M. (57214888779) ;Dahlawi, S.M.A. (57189234459) ;Pottoo, F.H. (56394551400) ;Menezes, R.G. (55517099900) ;Alanzi, T.M. (55978240000) ;Alumran, A.K. (55190329900) ;Abu Haimed, A.K. (57218875672) ;Madadin, M. (55912631700) ;Alanezi, F.M. (57213607595) ;Abu-Gharbieh, E. (24586714800) ;Saddik, B. (23020079300) ;Abu-Raddad, L.J. (14032724700) ;Samy, A.M. (36973661300) ;El Nahas, N. (57479225600) ;Shalash, A.S. (36521728200) ;Nabhan, A.F. (55880870200) ;Kamath, A.M. (57204215390) ;Kassebaum, N.J. (57202562224) ;Aravkin, A.Y. (35386103000) ;Kochhar, S. (57214107714) ;Sorensen, R.J.D. (57196918748) ;Afshin, A. (57217465455) ;Burkart, K. (29067507300) ;Cromwell, E.A. (15727546000) ;Dandona, L. (7007017243) ;Dharmaratne, S.D. (57216324802) ;Gakidou, E. (57202567277) ;Hay, S.I. (7101875313) ;Kyu, H.H. (57217040073) ;Lopez, A.D. (7401455668) ;Lozano, R. (7102198442) ;Misganaw, A.T. (57202808713) ;Mokdad, A.H. (7004813962) ;Naghavi, M. (57207906323) ;Pigott, D.M. (55320335600) ;Reiner, R.C. (57203229088) ;Roth, G.A. (55074747400) ;Stanaway, J.D. (57201210928) ;Vollset, S. (57196315778) ;Vos, T. (57223885848) ;Wang, H. (16507828100) ;Lim, S.S. (57201800433) ;Murray, C.J.L. (57224556036) ;Kalani, R. (13006237100) ;Ikuta, K.S. (57211541916) ;Cho, D.Y. (57192666710) ;Kneib, C.J. (57210614083) ;Crowe, C.S. (55976347800) ;Massenburg, B.B. (55859007400) ;Morrison, S.D. (45661573100) ;Acebedo, A. (57219861105) ;Adelson, J.D. (16678347700) ;Agesa, K.M. (57204562362) ;Alam, T. (57205589820) ;Albertson, S.B. (57204573505) ;Anderson, J.A. (57204563525) ;Antony, C.M. (57218881089) ;Ashbaugh, C. (57218878439) ;Assmus, M. (57219860819) ;Azhar, G. (37107242500) ;Balassyano, S. (57218879056) ;Bannick, M.S. (57206834518) ;Barthelemy, C.M. (57204563787) ;Bender, R.G. (57219860604) ;Bennitt, F.B. (57216889553) ;Bertolacci, G.J. (57204558417) ;Biehl, M.H. (57196041812) ;Bisignano, C. (57211140934) ;Boon-Dooley, A.S. (57209262384) ;Briant, P.S. (57196152334) ;Bryazka, D. (57200015057) ;Bumgarner, B.R. (57196081130) ;Callender, C.S. (57195560691) ;Cao, J. (57202713138) ;Castle, C.D. (57196079840) ;Castro, E. (57218374832) ;Causey, K. (57204560479) ;Cercy, K.M. (57208777587) ;Chalek, J. (57203308287) ;Charlson, F.J. (57191632086) ;Cohen, A.J. (7404780942) ;Comfort, H. (57218875721) ;Compton, K. (57205330541) ;Croneberger, A.J. (57219861145) ;Cruz, J.A. (57219860697) ;Cunningham, M. (57204558787) ;Dandona, R. (57203043697) ;Dangel, W.J. (57219386065) ;Dean, F.E. (57211949247) ;DeCleene, N.K. (57219860801) ;Deen, A. (57219861454) ;Degenhardt, L. (7004040033) ;Dingels, Z.V. (57212508574) ;Dippenaar, I.N. (57218877575) ;Dirac, M.A. (57193092988) ;Dolgert, A.J. (24075682900) ;Emmons-Bell, S. (57195738343) ;Estep, K. (57216550964) ;Farag, T. (16230217600) ;Feigin, V.L. (57203677957) ;Feldman, R. (57204568514) ;Ferrara, G. (57204568707) ;Ferrari, A.J. (57195348907) ;Fitzgerald, R. (57220674795) ;Force, L.M. (57188548035) ;Fox, J.T. (36094087400) ;Frank, T.D. (57203197110) ;Fu, W. (57218882680) ;Fukutaki, K. (57204561888) ;Fuller, J.E. (57204565664) ;Fullman, N. (57211064970) ;Galles, N.C. (57218883244) ;Gardner, W.M. (57204566870) ;Gershberg Hayoon, A. (57219861225) ;Goren, E. (58711669400) ;Gorman, T.M. (57204559340) ;Gottlich, H.C. (57224968970) ;Guo, G. (58236697200) ;Haddock, B. (57219860963) ;Hagins, H. (57219860838) ;Haile, L.M. (57219861536) ;Hamilton, E.B. (57212513365) ;Han, C. (57218882107) ;Han, H. (57210111561) ;Harvey, J.D. (57196074369) ;Henny, K. (57219860694) ;Henrikson, H.J. (57219861283) ;Henry, N.J. (57196076616) ;Herbert, M.E. (57219861063) ;Hsiao, T. (57204559888) ;Huynh, C.K. (57202556112) ;Iannucci, V.C. (57219860539) ;Ippolito, H. (57219861518) ;Irvine, C.M.S. (57203666733) ;Jafari, H. (57219860982) ;Jahagirdar, D. (57213764835) ;James, S.L. (57202557998) ;Johnson, C.O. (57212301236) ;Johnson, S.C. (57207904886) ;Keller, C. (57222513603) ;Kemmer, L. (57205017265) ;Kendrick, P.J. (57217087655) ;Knight, M. (57218877591) ;Kocarnik, J.M. (56041211800) ;Krohn, K.J. (57194138806) ;Larson, S.L. (57204569813) ;Lau, K.M. (57204566924) ;Ledesma, J.R. (57204449040) ;Leever, A.T. (57204179781) ;LeGrand, K.E. (57216789066) ;Lescinsky, H. (57219385330) ;Lin, C. (57219861546) ;Liu, H. (57219861204) ;Liu, Z. (57210830015) ;Lo, J. (57219861047) ;Lu, A. (57218878815) ;Ma, J. (58040920000) ;Maddison, E.R. (57196084094) ;Manguerra, H. (57208121153) ;Marks, A. (57204558704) ;Martopullo, I. (57193550189) ;Mastrogiacomo, C.I. (57218875426) ;May, E.A. (57219861462) ;Mooney, M.D. (57216598823) ;Mosser, J.F. (56111776300) ;Mullany, E.C. (57208989650) ;Mumford, J. (57221821974) ;Munro, S.B. (7004622934) ;Nandakumar, V. (57204605749) ;Nguyen, J. (57207723790) ;Nguyen, M. (57204097034) ;Nichols, E. (57205756163) ;Nixon, M.R. (57204562047) ;Odell, C.M. (57204283884) ;Ong, K.L. (57210793447) ;Orji, A.U. (57214664166) ;Ostroff, S.M. (57219860984) ;Pasovic, M. (57204523203) ;Paulson, K.R. (57203437789) ;Pease, S.A. (57218883086) ;Pennini, A. (57210820174) ;Pierce, M. (57204558070) ;Pilz, T.M. (57218881168) ;Pletcher, M. (57196075669) ;Rao, P.C. (57191835613) ;Razo, C. (57203531684) ;Redford, S.B. (57211069898) ;Reinig, N. (57208577401) ;Reitsma, M.B. (57208766315) ;Rhinehart, P. (57219860832) ;Robalik, T. (57218377634) ;Roberts, S. (58666376300) ;Roberts, N.L.S. (57204562597) ;Rolfe, S. (57219860774) ;Sbarra, A.N. (57200546253) ;Schaeffer, L.E. (57208868098) ;Shackelford, K.A. (57202959163) ;Shadid, J. (57219861146) ;Sharara, F. (57218875897) ;Shaw, D.H. (8611274800) ;Sheena, B.S. (57219376405) ;Simpson, K.E. (57218689127) ;Smith, A. (56128141700) ;Spencer, C.N. (57219861184) ;Spurlock, E.E. (57218543838) ;Stark, B.A. (57219860666) ;Steiner, C. (57205358084) ;Steuben, K.M. (57208867341) ;Sylte, D.O. (57211183601) ;Tang, M. (57219860595) ;Taylor, H.J. (57204184856) ;Terrason, S. (57219860754) ;Thomson, A.M. (58376949000) ;Torre, A.E. (57196074351) ;Travillian, R. (8242478000) ;Troeger, C.E. (57195223624) ;Vongpradith, A. (57216661011) ;Walters, M.K. (58375486400) ;Wang, J. (57219861570) ;Watson, A. (57219861320) ;Watson, S. (57211319603) ;Whisnant, J.L. (57204171508) ;Whiteford, H.A. (55906494000) ;Wiens, K.E. (55515807800) ;Wilner, L.B. (57193699787) ;Wilson, S. (57204557765) ;Wool, E.E. (57207302408) ;Wozniak, S.S. (57219861542) ;Wu, J. (57209007575) ;Wulf Hanson, S. (57212263269) ;Wunrow, H. (57218375682) ;Xu, R. (57204186670) ;Yadgir, S. (57192837280) ;Yearwood, J.A. (57202282849) ;York, H.W. (57204171585) ;Yuan, C. (57205704701) ;Zhao, J.T. (57221069965) ;Zheng, P. (57213707656) ;Zimsen, S.R.M. (57196078433) ;Zlavog, B.S. (57201657821) ;Chang, A.Y. (58614821800) ;Oren, E. (36815569400) ;Buchbinder, R. (7004966093) ;Chin, K.L. (57216745370) ;Guo, Y. (55712472800) ;Polkinghorne, K.R. (6601997825) ;Thrift, A.G. (7004824524) ;Lee, S.W.H. (35201185800) ;Ackerman, I.N. (8925517400) ;Cicuttini, F.M. (7005887430) ;Li, S. (57216631901) ;Zaman, S. (57193070058) ;Suleria, H. (55496122500) ;Zhang, J. (56966801100) ;Cowie, B.C. (57202566182) ;Wijeratne, T. (14051317700) ;Patton, G.C. (7102184358) ;Sawyer, S.M. (7103253172) ;Adair, T. (24480317900) ;Meretoja, A. (12775885500) ;Adetokunboh, O.O. (56598104300) ;Adamu, A.A. (57202024381) ;Iwu, C.J. (56904084900) ;Parry, C.D.H. (7102561312) ;Seedat, S. (7003445887) ;Ndwandwe, D.E. (36612016600) ;Mahasha, P.W. (28767805500) ;Stein, D.J. (55769747595) ;Nnaji, C.A. (57204873792) ;Sambala, E.Z. (36718133800) ;Wiysonge, C.S. (6507441509) ;Adebayo, O.M. (57194329853) ;Ilesanmi, O.S. (54782692800) ;Owolabi, M.O. (57222581892) ;Adeoye, A.M. (26654031000) ;Adedeji, I.A. (57208456508) ;Adekanmbi, V. (53463192900) ;Ibitoye, S.E. (57212027408) ;John-Akinola, Y.O. (35114976300) ;Oluwasanu, M.M. (56724196000) ;Oghenetega, O.B. (57216588908) ;Akinyemi, R.O. (25633566800) ;Zandian, H. (57205175627) ;Adham, D. (55346682700) ;Zahirian Moghadam, T. (57201718494) ;Advani, S.M. (56841222900) ;Teagle, W.L. 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(57200677785) ;Lauriola, P. (7004129174) ;Corso, B. (54402100400) ;Hugo, F.N. (13403199800) ;Kieling, C. (57218820714) ;Cousin, E. (57194620705) ;Duncan, B.B. (35476478500) ;Goulart, B.N.G. (55958854600) ;Schmidt, M.I. (7404398885) ;Stein, C. (57196039610) ;Cowden, R.G. (56463772700) ;MacLachlan, J.H. (55431229800) ;Leigh, J. (7202089604) ;Cross, M. (57200967636) ;Ferreira, M.L. (35721627100) ;Smith, E.U.R. (57224807295) ;Driscoll, T.R. (7005928308) ;Huda, T.M. (37088471400) ;Hoy, D.G. (8553772600) ;Horita, N. (57217110823) ;Cross, D.H. (57219861130) ;Dai, H. (57209506663) ;Hu, G. (57218106596) ;Damasceno, A.A.M. (6602880109) ;Damiani, G. (57218701806) ;La Vecchia, C. (36063266200) ;Sanabria, J. (7006262917) ;Pandey, A. (55633420800) ;Mathur, M.R. (55270329300) ;Zodpey, S. (7003415080) ;Kumar, G. (57139550500) ;Lal, D.K. (57222488984) ;Hamagharib Abdullah, K. (57219861075) ;Hosseinzadeh, M. (57201880569) ;Darwesh, A.M. (57199749880) ;Faraj, A. (57216632076) ;Omar Bali, A. (57201273344) ;Das Gupta, R. (57215122060) ;Dash, A.P. (7102622168) ;Davey, G. (7102000901) ;Deribe, K. (57193912587) ;Gebremedhin, K.B. (57200529247) ;Wondmieneh, A.B. (57211141647) ;Dereje, N.D. (57211330555) ;Dávila-Cervantes, C.A. (45561136400) ;Davletov, K. (6602803024) ;Mereke, A. (57205595662) ;Serdar, B. (57216717159) ;Haile, T.G. (57218875310) ;Tadesse, D.B. (57213597502) ;Weldesamuel, G.T. (57219520857) ;Demoz, G.T. (57202214514) ;Woldu, G. (57208146649) ;Handiso, D. (57201501075) ;Dervenis, N. (35368148900) ;Topouzis, F. (57194262710) ;Desai, R. (57188681812) ;Dhungana, G.P. (24066372700) ;Emamian, M. (55181897800) ;Diaz, D. (56644152500) ;Djalalinia, S. (37113718000) ;Nguyen, T.H. (59142352200) ;Vu, G.T. (57202424871) ;Do, H.T. (57201113071) ;Dokova, K. (57201523771) ;Doku, D.T. (36015210300) ;Neupane, S. (57215632313) ;Takala, J.S. (35425471300) ;Doxey, M.C. (57210408930) ;Doyle, K.E. (55693710800) ;Renzaho, A.M.N. (6505786588) ;Ogbo, F.A. (57217186813) ;Robinson, S.R. (7402673969) ;Vukovic, A. (57189182795) ;Ilic, I.M. (57210823522) ;Santric-Milicevic, M.M. (57211144346) ;Vujcic, I.S. (55957120100) ;Dubljanin, E. (55957442600) ;Vukovic, R. (37027529000) ;Rasella, D. (36184697300) ;Duraes, A.R. (30867558600) ;Ebrahimi Kalan, M. (57201131024) ;Effiong, A. (57213158150) ;Pond, C.D. (7006633763) ;Ehrlich, J.R. (57190136174) ;Liu, X. (37050047900) ;Wei, M.Y.W. (8881342000) ;El Sayed, I. (7004479194) ;El Tantawi, M. (57214851491) ;El Sayed Zaki, M. (57203666922) ;Elbarazi, I. (58509635500) ;Tsai, A.C. (35362700200) ;Elyazar, I.R. (6506894785) ;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V. (56017415700) ;Eskandari, K. (54937223200) ;Sharifi, H. (16643763200) ;Halvaei, I. (55217593400) ;Ghaffarifar, F. (55951262400) ;Zaki, L. (57204106631) ;Hasanpoor, E. (56049728500) ;Esmaeilzadeh, F. (56450483600) ;Etemadi, A. (7004686554) ;Lan, Q. (23970641100) ;Yeheyis, T.Y. (57219861340) ;Etisso, A.E. (57216638693) ;Ezekannagha, O. (57192130654) ;e Farinha, C.S. (57219861144) ;Farioli, A. (57207608705) ;Violante, F.S. (7003555890) ;Faris, P.S. (57203120211) ;Faro, A. (36770969600) ;Lam, J.O. (57201997930) ;Filip, I. (55570061400) ;Fischer, F. (55508208800) ;Flor, L.S. (54414102000)Foigt, N.A. (57216998893)The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2020) ;Abbafati, C. (54917122400) ;Machado, D.B. (56644244100) ;Cislaghi, B. (57194144936) ;Salman, O.M. (57218687764) ;Karanikolos, M. (45961091300) ;McKee, M. (7202304775) ;Abbas, K.M. (57190285707) ;Brady, O.J. (57218716651) ;Larson, H.J. (57223681247) ;Trias-Llimós, S. (57191617020) ;Cummins, S. (9735960200) ;Langan, S.M. (55490520500) ;Sartorius, B. (12788526800) ;Hafiz, A. (57202393213) ;Jenabi, E. (15755615100) ;Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N. (57552959000) ;Borzouei, S. (16678312200) ;Azarian, G. (57220306214) ;Khazaei, S. (55420466900) ;Abbasi, M. (57220606911) ;Asghari, B. (56779960900) ;Masoumi, S. (55769011500) ;Komaki, H. (56712484800) ;Taherkhani, A. (57203973738) ;Adabi, M. (57190491886) ;Abbasifard, M. (37053407900) ;Bazmandegan, G. (56786286000) ;Kamiab, Z. (57193232347) ;Vakilian, A. (15833586300) ;Anjomshoa, M. (57204563282) ;Mokari, A. (57204329164) ;Sabour, S. (16307842100) ;Shahbaz, M. (57202132226) ;Saeedi, R. (16301725400) ;Ahmadieh, H. (57203677679) ;Yousefinezhadi, T. (57039201000) ;Haj-Mirzaian, A. (57210768364) ;Nikbakhsh, R. (57204566375) ;Safi, S. (57219477293) ;Asgari, S. (56010419200) ;Irvani, S.N. (57202975543) ;Jahanmehr, N. (57203122718) ;Ramezanzadeh, K. (57200621924) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, M. (57193543882) ;Khayamzadeh, M. (57212086295) ;Abbastabar, H. (57212441848) ;Shirkoohi, R. (12776374400) ;Fazlzadeh, M. (55199878200) ;Janjani, H. (56229934200) ;Hosseini, M. (57204569481) ;Mansournia, M. (34570618600) ;Tohidinik, H. (56875390400) ;Bakhtiari, A. (56285704100) ;Fazaeli, A. (57204568731) ;Mousavi, S. (56165159700) ;Hasanzadeh, A. (57193162243) ;Nabavizadeh, B. (56305727900) ;Malekzadeh, R. (7005197760) ;Hashemian, M. (42561197000) ;Pourshams, A. (6507521541) ;Salimzadeh, H. 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(57192807651) ;Khammarnia, M. (55804349000) ;Antonazzo, I. (57219860691) ;Ferrara, P. (58098198000) ;Conti, S. (24329297700) ;Cortesi, P.A. (57200306512) ;Fornari, C. (15022250200) ;Lee, P.H. (57200302692) ;Antriyandarti, E. (57201775415) ;Yousefi, Z. (9743306100) ;Rafiei, A. (13205769200) ;Javidnia, J. (59357196200) ;Faridnia, R. (55945212000) ;Anvari, D. (57201259536) ;Goudarzian, A. (57195581528) ;Moosazadeh, M. (35771326500) ;Rezai, M. (55273796300) ;Daryani, A. (16021522200) ;Fareed, M. (24491815600) ;Anwer, R. (54416938700) ;Appiah, S. (57204569403) ;Paudel, D. (57207871851) ;Dichgans, M. (7004050470) ;Riahi, S. (57193205976) ;Rajabpour-Sanati, A. (57118287000) ;Arab-Zozani, M. (57210284593) ;Arba, A.A.K. (57212216122) ;Aremu, O. (57214958833) ;Ariani, F. (36887464400) ;Aripov, T. (35104283700) ;Armoon, B. (57191472455) ;Mahdavi, M.M. (55412693600) ;Arowosegbe, O.O. (57219860799) ;Tediosi, F. (6603388399) ;Aryal, K.K. (57203859052) ;Mosapour, A. (16425956900) ;Yaminfirooz, M. 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(55627535500) ;Bohlouli, S. (56523246300) ;Esmaeilnejad, S. (37161242600) ;Bohluli, M. (55809185800) ;Bolla, S.R. (23048516100) ;Borges, G. (35373585600) ;Bose, D. (57205255835) ;Bourne, R. (7103377631) ;Brayne, C. (57210386759) ;Breitborde, N.J.K. (6603260895) ;Fisher, J.L. (7404013876) ;Breitner, S. (24075260300) ;Brenner, H. (7201832825) ;Breusov, A.V. (6508162798) ;Rakovac, I. (57201180617) ;Briko, N.I. (7004344976) ;Lopukhov, P.D. (57191340780) ;Glushkova, E.V. (57208983629) ;Korshunov, V.A. (57203303920) ;Polibin, R.V. (36721857100) ;Jakovljevic, M. (14318929700) ;Briko, A.N. (57202792237) ;Britton, G.B. (7004997832) ;Castro, F. (57204567353) ;Moreno Velásquez, I. (56499291900) ;Burnett, R.T. (26643599300) ;Burugina Nagaraja, S. (46961272800) ;Busse, R. (35589070800) ;Butt, Z.A. (57202522739) ;Caetano dos Santos, F. (56373058500) ;Cai, T. (24281176800) ;Hall, B.J. (57218302519) ;Cahuana-Hurtado, L. (57207890731) ;Cámera, L.A. (7003354253) ;Valdez, P.R. (57202115577) ;Tudor Car, L. (48561867100) ;Cárdenas, R. (57216482927) ;Gorini, G. (56509988200) ;Carreras, G. (57221176357) ;Fernandes, E. (34770207500) ;Freitas, M. (13406823400) ;Pereira, D.M. (57200690024) ;Santos, J.V. (57226214352) ;Ribeiro, D. (23986392500) ;Pinheiro, M. (54397531500) ;Massano, J. (25632444800) ;das Neves, J. (57208073193) ;Dias da Silva, D. (57867385000) ;Carvalho, F. (7103070417) ;Costa, V.M. (17134373000) ;Silva, J.P. (57204703526) ;Morgado-da-Costa, J. (57204560697) ;Castelpietra, G. (25227417100) ;Catalá-López, F. (57202553733) ;Pakhale, S. (57220937499) ;Cerin, E. (14522064200) ;Yip, P. (7102503720) ;Ho, H. (58753081000) ;Chang, J. (57202568248) ;Chang, A.R. (55649305800) ;Chang, K. (56937465900) ;Cooper, O.R. (6603872903) ;Chaturvedi, S. (55540347700) ;Chimed-Ochir, O. (57217262222) ;Chirinos-Caceres, J.L. (6701724783) ;Choi, J.J. (57212075838) ;Christensen, H. (57202099623) ;Truelsen, T.C. (57202824565) ;Chu, D. (56239816300) ;Kivimäki, M. (7004391239) ;Chung, S. (56008137900) ;Kumar, M. (57219860814) ;Ward, J.L. (57189990192) ;Chung, M.T. (55551050400) ;Cirillo, M. (35247478400) ;Virclo, R. (57219971854) ;Classen, T.K.D. (57200677785) ;Lauriola, P. (7004129174) ;Corso, B. (54402100400) ;Hugo, F.N. (13403199800) ;Kieling, C. (57218820714) ;Cousin, E. (57194620705) ;Duncan, B.B. (35476478500) ;Goulart, B.N.G. (55958854600) ;Schmidt, M.I. (7404398885) ;Stein, C. (57196039610) ;Cowden, R.G. (56463772700) ;MacLachlan, J.H. (58871159300) ;Leigh, J. (7202089604) ;Cross, M. (57200967636) ;Ferreira, M.L. (35721627100) ;Smith, E.U.R. (57224807295) ;Driscoll, T.R. (7005928308) ;Huda, T.M. (37088471400) ;Hoy, D.G. (8553772600) ;Horita, N. (57217110823) ;Cross, D.H. (57219861130) ;Dai, H. (57209506663) ;Hu, G. (57218106596) ;Damasceno, A.A.M. (6602880109) ;Damiani, G. (57218701806) ;La Vecchia, C. (36063266200) ;Sanabria, J. (7006262917) ;Pandey, A. (55633420800) ;Mathur, M.R. (55270329300) ;Zodpey, S. (7003415080) ;Kumar, G. (57139550500) ;Lal, D.K. (57222488984) ;Hamagharib Abdullah, K. (57219861075) ;Hosseinzadeh, M. (57201880569) ;Darwesh, A.M. (57199749880) ;Faraj, A. (57216632076) ;Omar Bali, A. (57201273344) ;Das Gupta, R. (57215122060) ;Dash, A.P. (7102622168) ;Davey, G. (7102000901) ;Deribe, K. (57193912587) ;Gebremedhin, K.B. (57200529247) ;Wondmieneh, A.B. (57211141647) ;Dereje, N.D. (57211330555) ;Dávila-Cervantes, C.A. (45561136400) ;Davletov, K. (6602803024) ;Mereke, A. (57205595662) ;Serdar, B. (57216717159) ;Haile, T.G. (57218875310) ;Tadesse, D.B. (57213597502) ;Weldesamuel, G.T. (57219520857) ;Demoz, G.T. (57202214514) ;Woldu, G. (57208146649) ;Handiso, D. (57201501075) ;Dervenis, N. (35368148900) ;Topouzis, F. (57194262710) ;Desai, R. (57188681812) ;Dhungana, G.P. (24066372700) ;Emamian, M. (55181897800) ;Diaz, D. (56644152500) ;Djalalinia, S. (37113718000) ;Nguyen, T.H. (59142352200) ;Vu, G.T. (57202424871) ;Do, H.T. (57201113071) ;Dokova, K. (57201523771) ;Doku, D.T. (36015210300) ;Neupane, S. (57215632313) ;Takala, J.S. (35425471300) ;Doxey, M.C. (57210408930) ;Doyle, K.E. (55693710800) ;Renzaho, A.M.N. (6505786588) ;Ogbo, F.A. (57217186813) ;Robinson, S.R. (7402673969) ;Vukovic, A. (57189182795) ;Ilic, I.M. (57210823522) ;Santric-Milicevic, M.M. (57211144346) ;Vujcic, I.S. (55957120100) ;Dubljanin, E. (55957442600) ;Vukovic, R. (37027529000) ;Rasella, D. (36184697300) ;Duraes, A.R. (30867558600) ;Ebrahimi Kalan, M. (57201131024) ;Effiong, A. (57213158150) ;Pond, C.D. (7006633763) ;Ehrlich, J.R. (57190136174) ;Liu, X. (37050047900) ;Wei, M.Y.W. (8881342000) ;El Sayed, I. (7004479194) ;El Tantawi, M. (57214851491) ;El Sayed Zaki, M. (57203666922) ;Elbarazi, I. (58509635500) ;Tsai, A.C. (35362700200) ;Elyazar, I.R. (6506894785) ;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V. (56017415700) ;Eskandari, K. (54937223200) ;Sharifi, H. (16643763200) ;Halvaei, I. (55217593400) ;Ghaffarifar, F. (55951262400) ;Zaki, L. (57204106631) ;Hasanpoor, E. (56049728500) ;Esmaeilzadeh, F. (56450483600) ;Etemadi, A. (7004686554) ;Lan, Q. (23970641100) ;Yeheyis, T.Y. (57219861340) ;Etisso, A.E. (57216638693) ;Ezekannagha, O. (57192130654) ;e Farinha, C.S. (57219861144) ;Farioli, A. (57207608705) ;Violante, F.S. (7003555890) ;Faris, P.S. (57203120211) ;Faro, A. (36770969600) ;Lam, J.O. (57201997930) ;Filip, I. (55570061400) ;Fischer, F. (55508208800) ;Flor, L.S. (54414102000)Foigt, N.A. (57216998893)Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation: Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. 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(57204096389) ;Sposato, L.A. (25640261000) ;Steckling, N. (57199195462) ;Sreeramareddy, C.T. (57212263335) ;Stathopoulou, V. (57209726581) ;Stroumpoulis, K. (57211777127) ;Sunguya, B.F. (57209060557) ;Swaminathan, S. (7102380757) ;Sykes, B.L. (57211183396) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. (6602981102) ;Talongwa, R.T. (57195568335) ;Tanne, D. (7006302238) ;Tuzcu, E.M. (7005951350) ;Thakur, J. (57204002123) ;Shaddick, G. (57216802010) ;Thomas, M.L. (57191835351) ;Thrift, A.G. (7004824524) ;Thurston, G.D. (7102270013) ;Thomson, A.J. (57969994200) ;Topor-Madry, R. (57211182892) ;Topouzis, F. (57194262710) ;Towbin, J.A. (7102520568) ;Uthman, O.A. (23026328100) ;Tobe-Gai, R. (57209276611) ;Tsilimparis, N. (17435999400) ;Tsala, Z. (57216802130) ;Tyrovolas, S. (57207793475) ;Ukwaja, K.N. (57202824584) ;van Os, J. (7102358027) ;Vasankari, T. (57200592416) ;Venketasubramanian, N. (56804702100) ;Violante, F.S. (7003555890) ;Waller, S.G. (57201445180) ;Uneke, C.J. (57202824589) ;Wang, Y. (8576812100) ;Weichenthal, S. (57202555239) ;Woolf, A.D. (7102882171) ;Xavier, D. (55403963100) ;Xu, G. (57203583113) ;Yakob, B. (57203811497) ;Yip, P. (7102503720) ;Kesavachandran, C.N. (57218000521) ;Montico, M. (57202563609) ;Ronfani, L. (6602565620) ;Yu, C. (57208140344) ;Zaidi, Z. (57197376721) ;Yonemoto, N. (57204947657) ;Younis, M.Z. (8549393000) ;Wubshet, M. (54409732600) ;Zuhlke, L.J. (57209027746) ;Zaki, M.E. (57203666922)Zhu, J. (56215097100)Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors—the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accounted for 57·8% (95% CI 56·6–58·8) of global deaths and 41·2% (39·8–42·8) of DALYs. In 2015, the ten largest contributors to global DALYs among Level 3 risks were high systolic blood pressure (211·8 million [192·7 million to 231·1 million] global DALYs), smoking (148·6 million [134·2 million to 163·1 million]), high fasting plasma glucose (143·1 million [125·1 million to 163·5 million]), high BMI (120·1 million [83·8 million to 158·4 million]), childhood undernutrition (113·3 million [103·9 million to 123·4 million]), ambient particulate matter (103·1 million [90·8 million to 115·1 million]), high total cholesterol (88·7 million [74·6 million to 105·7 million]), household air pollution (85·6 million [66·7 million to 106·1 million]), alcohol use (85·0 million [77·2 million to 93·0 million]), and diets high in sodium (83·0 million [49·3 million to 127·5 million]). From 1990 to 2015, attributable DALYs declined for micronutrient deficiencies, childhood undernutrition, unsafe sanitation and water, and household air pollution; reductions in risk-deleted DALY rates rather than reductions in exposure drove these declines. Rising exposure contributed to notable increases in attributable DALYs from high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, occupational carcinogens, and drug use. Environmental risks and childhood undernutrition declined steadily with SDI; low physical activity, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose increased with SDI. In 119 countries, metabolic risks, such as high BMI and fasting plasma glucose, contributed the most attributable DALYs in 2015. Regionally, smoking still ranked among the leading five risk factors for attributable DALYs in 109 countries; childhood underweight and unsafe sex remained primary drivers of early death and disability in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation Declines in some key environmental risks have contributed to declines in critical infectious diseases. Some risks appear to be invariant to SDI. Increasing risks, including high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, drug use, and some occupational exposures, contribute to rising burden from some conditions, but also provide opportunities for intervention. Some highly preventable risks, such as smoking, remain major causes of attributable DALYs, even as exposure is declining. Public policy makers need to pay attention to the risks that are increasingly major contributors to global burden. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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(57194968519)Zonies, D. (6507066392)Background In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). Methods We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of 33 health-related SDG indicators for 188 countries from 1990 to 2015. We rescaled each indicator on a scale from 0 (worst observed value between 1990 and 2015) to 100 (best observed). Indices representing all 33 health-related SDG indicators (health-related SDG index), health-related SDG indicators included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG index), and health-related indicators not included in the MDGs (non-MDG index) were computed as the geometric mean of the rescaled indicators by SDG target. We used spline regressions to examine the relations between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI, a summary measure based on average income per person, educational attainment, and total fertility rate) and each of the health-related SDG indicators and indices. Findings In 2015, the median health-related SDG index was 59·3 (95% uncertainty interval 56·8–61·8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85·5 (84·2–86·5) in Iceland to 20·4 (15·4–24·9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the health-related SDG index (r2=0·88) and the MDG index (r2=0·92), whereas the non-MDG index had a weaker relation with SDI (r2=0·79). Between 2000 and 2015, the health-related SDG index improved by a median of 7·9 (IQR 5·0–10·4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10·0 [6·7–13·1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5·5 [2·1–8·9]). Since 2000, pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern contraception, under-5 mortality, and neonatal mortality, as well as the indicator for universal health coverage tracer interventions. Moderate improvements were found for indicators such as HIV and tuberculosis incidence, minimal changes for hepatitis B incidence took place, and childhood overweight considerably worsened. Interpretation GBD provides an independent, comparable avenue for monitoring progress towards the health-related SDGs. Our analysis not only highlights the importance of income, education, and fertility as drivers of health improvement but also emphasises that investments in these areas alone will not be sufficient. Although considerable progress on the health-related MDG indicators has been made, these gains will need to be sustained and, in many cases, accelerated to achieve the ambitious SDG targets. The minimal improvement in or worsening of health-related indicators beyond the MDGs highlight the need for additional resources to effectively address the expanded scope of the health-related SDGs. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2016 The Authors(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license
