Browsing by Author "Bumbaširević, Marko (6602742376)"

This article summarises a comparative retrospective study (1983-2001) of 42 consecutive spastic-diplegic ambulatory patients (aged 2-10 years) by examining the radiographic and clinical results of two soft-tissue procedures for paralytic hip subluxation (PSH). Group A comprised 20 patients (26 PSHs) who were treated by iliopsoas tenotomy, and group B comprised 22 patients (31 PSHs) who were treated by rectus femoris and iliopsoas tenotomy with iliac crest resection (sartorius release). All patients had bilateral adductor tenotomies. At 8.8 years mean follow-up, group A migration percentages (MP) improved from 39.8% to 24.7% with 92.3% good/average results. At a mean follow-up period of 8.3 years, group B improved from 58.0% to 25.9% with 96.8% good/average results. Long-term hip reduction was achieved in 84.6% of group A and 80.6% of group B hips. Relative MP correction was superior in group B. No patient had MP progression in either the PSH or non-PSH hip. Walking ability improved in 55% of group A and 86% of group B patients (Functional Mobility Scale). In conclusion, we recommend release of all the principle hip flexors: rectus femoris, sartorius, and iliopsoas, coupled with adductor tenotomies, in this patient group. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.

This case report describes the management of a 15 year old male with a biologically aggressive chondroblastoma of the knee. Following CT, bone scan, angiography and an open biopsy, the diagnosis was confirmed histologically and immunohistochemically. The patient underwent a 13 cm en-bloc excision of the knee, and knee arthrodesis with simultaneous bone transport using an Ilizarov ring fixator. Following 136 days of bone transport, the patient achieved radiological and clinical bony union after a total frame time of 372 days. He then commenced 50% partial weight-bear in a protective knee brace and gradually worked up to full weight-bearing by 4 months. The patient developed superficial pin tract infections around the k-wires on 2 occasions; these settled with a cephalosporin antibiotic spray and local dressings. At 13 years follow-up there are no signs of disease recurrence or failure at the fusion site. The patient is able to fully weight bear and stand independently on the operated leg. Knee arthrodesis with simultaneous limb-lengthening is an effective treatment modality following en-bloc resection of an aggressive chondroblastoma. The case is discussed with reference to the literature. © 2010 Tomić et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Purpose: The anterolateral ligament, a structure that has been known for 130 years, has again attracted the attention both of orthopaedic doctors and anatomists. Since its initial description until now, this structure has had different names. Whether labelled as the mid-third lateral capsular ligament, the anterior oblique band of the fibular collateral ligament or the anterolateral ligament of the knee, this structure has been responsible for the so-called Segond avulsion fractures. The aim of this study was to determine the precise position and layer of the lateral knee compartment within which the anterolateral ligament is located, as well as its type. Methods: In this study, the anatomical dissection of the lateral segment of 14 cadaveric knees (six male, eight female; seven right, seven left; average age of subjects: 78 years) was performed. The dissection was carried out in keeping with Seebacher, layer by layer. Results: The anterolateral ligament was identified in seven out of 14 cadaveric knee joints (50 %). The length of the ligament was 41 ± 3 mm, while the width was 4 ± 1 mm and the thickness 1 mm (in the middle section). In 14 % of the cases, the anterior oblique band was identified as a part of the FCL. In all of the knee joints, a part of the fibres of the ITT with the same insertions and direction as the ALL was found, located, however, at a much more superficial level than the ALL. Conclusion: Analysis of the current scientific literature related to the anterolateral ligament and layer-by-layer dissection of the lateral region of 14 cadaveric knees has led to the conclusion that the anterolateral ligament is a thickening of the knee joint capsule located in the third layer of the lateral region of the knee (according to Seebacher) which is not always clearly morphologically differentiated from the remainder of the joint capsule. The anterolateral ligament is unequivocally a part of the joint capsule, which is why any damage to it should be treated in the same way as any other damage to the joint capsule. © 2014, European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, Arthroscopy (ESSKA).

Introduction We report a case of calcification of a cervical intervertebral disk in a child. This is a rare condition, and has been described in about 400 cases worldwide. Children affected by it present with the onset of pain, muscle spasm, and the presence of calcification of a intervertebral disk on radiography. Our objective was to present a case of sudden onset of pain in the neck and torticollis. Case outline In our case, the condition was diagnosed after trauma, presented with neck pain and spasm of the right sternocleidomastoid. Initial neck radiography was done, and after identifying the calcification in front of C4 and C5 vertebral bodies, CT analysis was conducted. When it was concluded that there is no compression on spine nerve roots, conservative course of treatment was followed. The child had full regression of symptoms after two weeks. Conclusion Emergency personnel should bear in mind that, even though radiographical finding of a calcification shadow in front of the spine may raise concern, the nature of this disorder is benign in most cases, and responds very well to conservative treatment. © 2019, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

The treatment of severely injured extremities still presents a very difficult task for trauma orthopaedic surgeons. Despite improvements in technology and surgical/microsurgical techniques, sometimes a limb must be amputated, otherwise severe and potentially fatal complications may develop. There is a well-established belief that severe open fractures should be left open. However, Godina proved wound coverage in the first 72 h (after an injury) to be safe and to bring good final results. So early wound cover (no later than one week after an injury) with well vascularized free flaps became the gold standard. Yet for many patients (some of whom have serious health problems), operative treatment needs to be postponed when they arrive to specialized microsurgical departments for microsurgical reconstruction much later than one week after incurring an injury. As the definite wound cover period from one week to 3 months seems to be hazardous, especially due to the potential of infection, we developed a safe, original flap technique that prevents infection and covers important structures such as exposed bones, tendons, nerves and vessels. We named this technique the “close–open–close free flap technique”. It enables difficult wound cover in any biological phase of the wound, by combining complete flap cover first, with the removal of stitches from one side of the flap after 6–12 h. This technique works very well for borderline cases as well; where even after a complete debridement, dead tissue still remains in the wound - making wound cover very dangerous. Closing completely severe open fractures with free (or pedicled) flaps and removing the stitches on one side after 6–12 h, enables orthopaedic surgeons to safely cover any kind of wound in any biological phase of the wound. Additional debridements, lavages and reconstructions can easily be performed under the flap and after the danger of a serious infection has disappeared, definitive wound closure can be carried out. © 2019

Introduction Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning are the most widely used treatment options for displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in children, but there is still no consensus concerning the most preferred technique in injuries of the extension type. Objective The aim of this study was to compare three common orthopaedic procedures in the treatment of displaced extension type supracondylar humerus fractures in children. Methods Total of 93 consecutive patients (66 boys and 27 girls) referred to our hospital with Gartland type II or III extension supracondylar humeral fractures were prospectively included in the study over a six-year period. At initial presentation 48 patients were classified as Gartland type II and 45 as Gartland type III fractures. The patients were subdivided into three groups based on the following treatment modality: closed reduction with percutaneous pinning, open reduction with Kirschner wires (K-wires) fixation, and closed reduction with cast immobilisation. The treatment outcome and clinical characteristics were compared among groups, as well as evaluated using Flynn’s criteria. Results Excellent clinical outcome was reported in 70.3% of patients treated with closed reduction with percutaneous pinning and in 64.7% of patients treated with open reduction with K-wire fixation. The outcome was significantly worse in children treated with closed reduction and cast immobilisation alone, as excellent outcome is achieved in just 36.4% of cases (p=0.011). Conclusion Closed reduction with percutaneous pinning is the method of choice in the treatment of displaced pediatric supracondylar humeral fracture, while open reduction with K-wire fixation is as a good alternative in cases with clear indications. © 2016, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

Background: Depression is the most common mood disorder in elderly people and one of the most prevalent comorbidities in older people with hip fracture. While several authors have confirmed that depressive symptoms assessed at a later stage after hip fracture impact functional outcome and mortality, the role of depressive symptoms identified at an earlier stage after hip fracture remains understudied. The aim of the present study was to determine if depressive symptoms assessed on hospital admission impact early functional outcome after hip fracture surgery. Methods: We studied 112 patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture during a 6-month period. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale on admission to the acute setting. Multidimensional assessment included sociodemographic characteristics, general health status, cognitive status, functional status prior to injury, and perioperative variables. The primary outcome measure was motor Functional Independence Measure at discharge. Results: Adjusted multivariate regression analysis revealed that the presence of moderate to severe depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale≥20), older age, and female gender were independently related to motor Functional Independence Measure at discharge. Conclusion: Increasing levels of depressive symptoms in elderly hip fracture patients influence short-term functional outcome. We strongly support the introduction of routine assessment of this baseline comorbidity, especially in female patients. Failure to identify such patients is a missed opportunity for possible improvement of early functional outcome after hip fracture in elderly. © 2014 Japanese Psychogeriatric Society.

Background: Depression is the most common mood disorder in elderly people and one of the most prevalent comorbidities in older people with hip fracture. While several authors have confirmed that depressive symptoms assessed at a later stage after hip fracture impact functional outcome and mortality, the role of depressive symptoms identified at an earlier stage after hip fracture remains understudied. The aim of the present study was to determine if depressive symptoms assessed on hospital admission impact early functional outcome after hip fracture surgery. Methods: We studied 112 patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture during a 6-month period. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale on admission to the acute setting. Multidimensional assessment included sociodemographic characteristics, general health status, cognitive status, functional status prior to injury, and perioperative variables. The primary outcome measure was motor Functional Independence Measure at discharge. Results: Adjusted multivariate regression analysis revealed that the presence of moderate to severe depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale≥20), older age, and female gender were independently related to motor Functional Independence Measure at discharge. Conclusion: Increasing levels of depressive symptoms in elderly hip fracture patients influence short-term functional outcome. We strongly support the introduction of routine assessment of this baseline comorbidity, especially in female patients. Failure to identify such patients is a missed opportunity for possible improvement of early functional outcome after hip fracture in elderly. © 2014 Japanese Psychogeriatric Society.

Background: Hip fractures in the elderly are followed by considerable risk of functional decline and mortality. Questions/purposes: The purposes of this study were to (1) explore predictive factors of functional level at discharge, (2) evaluate 1-year mortality after hip fracture compared with that of the general population, and (3) evaluate the affect of early functional outcome on 1-year mortality in patients operated on for hip fractures. Methods: A total of 228 consecutive patients (average age, 77.6 ± 7.4 years) with hip fractures who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in an open, prospective, observational cohort study. Functional level at discharge was measured with the motor Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score, which is the most widely accepted functional assessment measure in use in the rehabilitation community. Mortality rates in the study population were calculated in absolute numbers and as the standardized mortality ratio. Multivariate regression analysis was used to explore predictive factors for motor FIM score at discharge and for 1-year mortality adjusted for important baseline variables. Results: Age, health status, cognitive level, preinjury functional level, and pressure sores after hip fracture surgery were independently related to lower discharge motor FIM scores. At 1-year followup, 57 patients (25%; 43 women and 14 men) had died. The 1-year hip fracture mortality rate compared with that of the general population was 31% in our population versus 7% for men and 23% in our population versus 5% for women 65 years or older. The 1-year standardized mortality rate was 341.3 (95% CI, 162.5-520.1) for men and 301.6 (95% CI, 212.4-391.8) for women, respectively. The all-cause mortality rate observed in this group was higher in all age groups and in both sexes when compared with the all-cause age-adjusted mortality of the general population. Motor FIM score at discharge was the only independent predictor of 1-year mortality after hip fracture. Conclusions: Functional level at discharge is the main determinant of long-term mortality in patients with hip fracture. Motor FIM score at discharge is a reliable predictor of mortality and can be recommended for clinical use. Level of Evidence: Level II, prognostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. © 2013 The Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®.

The forearm radial flap is currently and widely used free flap, based on the branches of the radial artery, and which, additionally, could contain bone, tendons, or cutaneous nerves. Variations of the radial artery were recently encountered and presented during the elevation of such a flap in 32-year-old male, who sustained war gunshot injury of the left hand. This is the first reported case of a double radial artery in a radial forearm flap in our country, which successfully survived on the recipient hand, although its surface was at the lower threshold for the application of a vascular graft. In rising of the radial forearm flap, pre- and postoperative evaluation of arteries is advisable. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Introduction Modified, reversal technique of fixation in digital replantation using K-wires was analyzed. The results obtained from the standard technique and reversal technique of fixation using K-wires were compared. Objective The aim was to compare the results of osteofixation using K-wires in digital replantation when either standard or reversal, modified technique was used. Methods A retrospective study included 103 replanted fingers in 72 patients. The first group included standard fixation using K-wires and the second group included fixation using K-wires, but with a modified technique. Modification consisted of the opposite order of moves during the phalanges fixation compared to the standard technique: first, K-wire was introduced intramedullary in the proximal phalanx and the top of the wire was drawn out through the skin in proximal part of the finger or hand. Second, distal part of the wire was introduced in the phalanx of the amputated part of the finger intramedullary until the wire entered the cortex. Results Duration of bone healing after digital replantation was shorter in cases where reversal technique was used in comparison with standard technique (7.2 weeks compared to 7.5 weeks). Conclusion The comparison of standard and reversal technique of phalangeal fixation with K-wires in digital replantation shows that both techniques are useful. Reversal technique expands the choice of operative techniques for bone fixation during the replantation. It shows some advantages and enables avoidance of vein injuries.

Introduction Osteomyelitis of the radius resulting in the radial clubhand is a very rare condition and few studies have been published about its prognosis and treatment. Case Outline This is a case report of hematogenous osteomyelitis of the radius with a complete loss of the radius leaving only the distal radial metaphysis to carry the carpus. In order to achieve best functional results, four-step operative protocol was performed for reconstruction; lengthening of the forearm by external fixator, radioulnar transposition to create a one-bone forearm, plate removal and transposition of brachioradialis to the extensor pollicis longus as well as proximal row carpectomy. After nine years of the last operation, the function of the elbow and hands is good with acceptable cosmetic result. The forearm is 5 cm shorter and there has been a persistent mild limitation of palmar flexion. Conclusion Creation of the one-bone forearm normalizes the elbow and wrist function, corrects forearm malalignment, and improves forearm growth potential.

Giovanni Battista Monteggia was born in Laverne on the 8th of August 1762. Monteggia started his education in the School of Surgery at the Hospital Maggiore in Milano in 1779. This hospital was called “Big House” and it is one of the oldest medical institutions in Italy. He passed exam in surgery in 1781. Monteggia was promoted to assistant at surgery in Maggiore hospital in 1790. He was among the first who gave a complete clinical description of polio. He described traumatic hip dislocation and special forearm fracture which was named after him. Strictly speaking, a Monteggia fracture is a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with an anterior dislocation of the radial head. Monteggia became a member of the renewed Institute of Science, Literature and Art in Milano in 1813.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Ilizarov fine-wire compression/distraction technique in the treatment of scaphoid nonunion (SNU), without the use of bone graft. Design: This is a prospective study of 20 consecutive patients in one center. Patients and methods: This study included 20 patients (19 males) with a mean SNU duration of 14.5 months. Four patients had proximal pole, 15 had waist, and 1 had a distal SNU. Patients with carpal instability, humpback deformities, carpal collapse, avascular necrosis, and marked degenerative change were excluded. Following frame application, the treatment comprises three stages: The frame is distracted by 1 mm per day until the radiographs show a 2–3 mm opening at the SNU site (mean 10 days); the SNU site is compressed for 5 days, at a rate of 1 mm per day, with the wrist in 15 degrees of flexion and 15 degrees of radial deviation; the wrist is then immobilized in the Ilizarov fixator for 8 weeks. Results: Radiographic (radiography and CT scan) and clinical bony union was achieved in all 20 patients after a mean of 90.3 days (70–130 days). All patients returned to their pre-injury occupations. Thirteen patients had excellent results, four good, and three fair, according to the Mayo wrist score. Conclusions: In these selected patients, this technique safely achieved bony union without the need to open the SNU site and without the requirement of bone graft. © 2016, Springer-Verlag France.

Hip fracture in elderly people is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important to identify risk factors that potentially influence outcomes after hip surgery. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of anemia at admission and short-term outcomes after hip fracture. We studied 343 community-dwelling patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture from March 2009 to March 2010. Functional mobility at discharge, postoperative complications, hospital length of stay and in-hospital mortality were analyzed in respect to presence and severity of anemia at admission. Anemia (defined as hemoglobin levels < 13.0 g/dl for men and < 12.0g/dl for women) was present in 185 (53.9%) patients, of whom 54 (29.2%) were severely anemic (defined as hemoglobin level 10.0g/dl or below). In multivariate analysis anemia was associated with age, gender (female), type of fracture (intertrochanteric) and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification (3 or 4), while severity of anemia was associated with recovery of ambulatory ability at discharge. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complication, in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay between the groups at discharge. Overall anemia at admission is an indicator of poor general health status. Ambulatory recovery in hip fracture patients is independently related to severity of anemia at admission. © Versita Sp. z o.o.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine to what extent severe cognitive impairment impacts short-term rehabilitation outcomes of elderly patients with proximal hip fracture. Material and methods: A total of 337 community-dwelling elderly patients with acute hip fracture were observed during a 12-month period at a major teaching hospital in Serbia. Cognitive status was assessed at admission with the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). Outcome after 4 months was analysed with respect to presence of severe cognitive impairment, defined as an SPMSQ score of < 3. Outcome assessment included presence of postoperative complications, absolute motor Functional Independence Measure (FIM) gain, Activities of Daily Living index (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living score (IADL), and walking ability. Results: An SPMSQ score of < 3 was observed in 36 patients (10.7%) with acute hip fracture. Patients with an SPMSQ score of < 3 achieved worse short-term outcomes regarding all observed variables. However, cognitive status was found to be an independent predictor only with respect to mortality at 4 months (odds ratio (OR) = 0.969, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.947-0.992, p = 0.009). In contrast, pre-fracture motor FIM independently predicted mortality (OR = 2.982, 95% CI = 1.271-7.000, p = 0.012), and preserved walking ability at 4 months follow- up (OR = 0.945, 95% CI = 0.912-0.980, p = 0.002). Correspondingly, pre-fracture ADL was an independent predictor of absolute motor FIM gain at 4 months follow-up (OR = 0.175, 95% CI = 0.405-11.426, p = 0.035). Conclusions: Failure to consider functional status prior to fracture might overestimate the impact of cognitive status on functional outcome of hip fracture patients. Copyright © 2012 Termedia & Banach.

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to determine whether the change in the position of the patient’s leg as well as the use of flexible reamers may help in obtaining a longer femoral tunnel with minimal risk of perforating the posterior cortex. Methods: One hundred and twenty-five patients who had undergone anatomic ACL reconstruction between 2010 and 2013 were included in this prospective cohort study. The first group was composed of patients whose femoral tunnel had been drilled with rigid reamers, while the leg being operated on was positioned on an arthroscopic leg holder (82 patients). In the second group of patients, the femoral tunnel was also drilled with rigid reamers, but the leg was positioned on the table (25 patients), while the third group was composed of patients whose femoral tunnel was drilled with flexible reamers, and the leg was positioned on a leg holder (18 patients). The length of the femoral tunnel was measured intraoperationally, while the site of femoral insertion and the position of the tunnel were read from native radiographic images. Results: When the femoral tunnel was drilled on the medial aspect of the lateral condyle, the centre of the tunnel was located at 31.4 % from the most proximal point of the femoral condyle and 34.7 % from the Blumensaat line. The length of the tunnel drilled with rigid reamers on the operating table (36.1 mm) was statistically significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the length of the tunnel drilled with the same reamers, but with the leg positioned on the leg holder (32.5 mm). The length of the tunnel drilled with flexible reamers with the leg positioned on the leg holder (42.5 mm) was highly statistically significantly greater than the length of the tunnel drilled with rigid reamers (p < 0.01), and it was statistically significantly greater than the length of the tunnel drilled with rigid reamers with the leg placed on the operating table (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The drilling of the femoral tunnel during anatomic ACL reconstruction with the use of flexible reamers provides a longer femoral tunnel than when it is drilled with rigid reamers, without any danger of perforation of the posterior cortex. Level of evidence: III. © 2015, European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, Arthroscopy (ESSKA).

Replantation of lower extremity is a very complex and difficult procedure. There are still a lot of controversies about indications, even numerous scoring systems are now available that can facilitate the surgeon's decision. We present the functional results of a replanted below-knee amputation in an elderly patient, 27 years after the injury and discuss the indication for replantation. © 2020

Introduction Considering operative treatment of various pathological conditions and traumatic injuries of extremities latissimus dorsi flap presents the most frequently used flap in reconstructive surgery. Objective The aim of this paper was to analyze anatomical characteristics of the vascular pedicle of the latissimus dorsi muscle followed by morphometric analyzes of vascular elements. Methods This paper was carried out in cooperation with the Institute of Anatomy of the School of Medicine, University of Belgrade. The study was based on 40 cadaver dissections followed by anatomical and morphometric analyzes. The first analysis included the determination of thoracodorsal artery (TDA) origin and its lateral and terminal branches, and the second one the observation of artery path. Furthermore the same features were analyzed on the thoracodorsal vein. During morphometric analyzes artery and vein length and diameter were recorded. Results Our results showed that TDA always contains one lateral branch, while three other lateral branches were inconstant. In most cases TDA terminated in two branches, upper and lower, with average distance of 3.4 cm from the muscle. The mean recorded pedicle length was 9.9 cm. The average inner diameter of TDA was 1.85 mm. In further analyses the average observed thoracodorsal vein length was 10.5 cm with mean diameter of 2.93 mm. The result showed that vein origin was usually represented with two branches. Conclusion The thoracodorsal artery is a blood vessel of considerable length and diameter which represents a great advantage in reconstructive flap surgery.

Background/Aim. Osteoporotic fractures are a major cause of morbidity in the population. Therefore, fracture prevention strategies should be a major concern, and one of the priorities in the primary health care system. The aim of the study was to assess fracture and fall risk factors, and fracture risk level in patients with acute hip fracture, and to evaluate if there had been adequate osteoporosis treatment prior to fracture in this group of patients. Methods. Fracture and fall risk factors were assessed in 342 patients, > 65 years old, hospitalized due to acute hip fracture at the Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Centre of Serbia in a 12-month period. Fall risk factors were assessed with the Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX®) algorithm, and patients were classified in respect to fracture risk level. Results. Hip fracture occurred in the majority of the patients in the high risk group (74.2%), where no additional bone mineral density testing was needed. Less than 10% of the patients had a diagnosis of osteoporosis before injury, while less than 2% were treated. Cognitive impairment (95.3%), visual impairment (58.2%), lower index of daily activities (51.8%), and depression (47.1%) were the most frequently observed fall risk factors. Conclusion. The results of our investigation reveal insufficient identification of clinical fracture risk factors in the primary care setting, inadequate treatment of osteoporosis and, consequently, ineffective prevention of hip fractures in the geriatric population. The introduction of FRAX® into clinical practice enables more effective acknowledgment of patients with elevated fracture risk, even if bone density measurement is not available. The results of this study have a special significance for everyday clinical practice, because they impose a need for reviewing the existing approaches to osteoporosis prevention, and precise definiment of hip prevention strategies.