Browsing by Author "Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381)"
Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
- Results Per Page
- Sort Options
- Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Department of Error: Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2020) 395(10239) (1779–1801), (S0140673620301148), (10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30114-8))(2020) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Troeger, Christopher E. (57195223624) ;Earl, Lucas (57190371340) ;Munro, Sandra B. (7004622934) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Getaneh (57202422848) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adham, Davoud (55346682700) ;Adhena, Beyene Meressa (57322512000) ;Afarideh, Mohsen (56227034300) ;Ahmadi, Keivan (59396073300) ;Ahmadi, Mehdi (16644923000) ;Ahmed, Anwar E. (58205901100) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Ahmed, Rushdia (57195530549) ;Ajumobi, Olufemi (14033771400) ;Akal, Chalachew Genet (57205385708) ;Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie (57203189637) ;Akanda, Ali S. (35290419100) ;Alamene, Genet Melak (57211135938) ;Alanzi, Turki M. (55978240000) ;Albright, James R. (57210320079) ;Alcalde Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth (35749450200) ;Alemnew, Birhan Tamene (57211138846) ;Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw (57202557784) ;Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir (57208356112) ;Ali, Muhammad (57221004192) ;Alijanzadeh, Mehran (56236864700) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Almasi, Ali (19433600700) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. (8625547100) ;Altirkawi, Khalid (57202762923) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. (57193279948) ;Amare, Azmeraw T. (57202220009) ;Amini, Saeed (57210811281) ;Amit, Arianna Maever Loreche (57211322011) ;Andrei, Catalina Liliana (36543507200) ;Anegago, Masresha Tessema (57216865286) ;Anjomshoa, Mina (57204563282) ;Ansari, Fereshteh (56478531800) ;Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. (55247644500) ;Antriyandarti, Ernoiz (57201775415) ;Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw (57204569403) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Armoon, Bahram (57191472455) ;Aryal, Krishna K. (57203859052) ;Arzani, Afsaneh (57094774900) ;Asadi-Lari, Mohsen (6603191961) ;Ashagre, Alebachew Fasil (57211139593) ;Atalay, Hagos Tasew (57203535974) ;Atique, Suleman (56505419100) ;Atre, Sachin R. (22933845900) ;Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907) ;Avila-Burgos, Leticia (8530790100) ;Awasthi, Ashish (58420926700) ;Awoke, Nefsu (57207257383) ;Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina (55598298700) ;Ayano, Getinet (57189617474) ;Ayanore, Martin Amogre (57070358300) ;Ayele, Asnakew Achaw (57194280930) ;Aynalem, Yared Asmare (57214332450) ;Azari, Samad (56396696500) ;Babaee, Ebrahim (57217157164) ;Badawi, Alaa (57216776029) ;Bakkannavar, Shankar M. (34970692400) ;Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar (56640778400) ;Bali, Ayele Geleto (57204564615) ;Banach, Maciej (22936699500) ;Barac, Aleksandra (55550748700) ;Barnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900) ;Basaleem, Huda (6505771974) ;Bassat, Quique (23024176000) ;Bayati, Mohsen (56906776500) ;Bedi, Neeraj (57988442200) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Behzadifar, Meysam (59429991000) ;Bekele, Yibeltal Alemu (57214868211) ;Bell, Michelle L. (7401466450) ;Bennett, Derrick A. (57650836400) ;Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema (57195346523) ;Beyranvand, Tina (57203000763) ;Bhat, Anusha Ganapati (57208836680) ;Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266) ;Bhattarai, Suraj (55646532200) ;Bhaumik, Soumyadeep (55643126300) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Bikbov, Boris (57219957158) ;Biswas, Raaj Kishore (57194226969) ;Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw (57209212251) ;Bohlouli, Somayeh (56523246300) ;Brady, Oliver J. (57218716651) ;Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi (57212030091) ;Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich (57202792237) ;Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich (7004344976) ;Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath (46961272800) ;Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739) ;Campos-Nonato, Ismael R. (57203424784) ;Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar (6505846919) ;Cárdenas, Rosario (57216482927) ;Carvalho, Felix (7103070417) ;Castro, Franz (57204567353) ;Chansa, Collins (24400981500) ;Chatterjee, Pranab (57202798650) ;Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500) ;Chauhan, Bal Govind (57195315447) ;Chin, Ken Lee (57216745370) ;Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533) ;Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300) ;Claro, Rafael M. (16834671700) ;Cormier, Natalie M. (57216638260) ;Costa, Vera M. (17134373000) ;Damiani, Giovanni (57218701806) ;Daoud, Farah (57201079837) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Darwish, Amira Hamed (57194473558) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Das, Jai K. (55644705500) ;Das Gupta, Rajat (57215122060) ;Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye (57204268402) ;Davila, Claudio Alberto (45561136400) ;Davis Weaver, Nicole (57203300193) ;Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil (57202555163) ;De Neve, Jan-Walter (57039962400) ;Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen (57204717669) ;Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh (57207453281) ;Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam (57202214514) ;Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar (25228198700) ;Deribe, Kebede (57193912587) ;Desalew, Assefa (57203766919) ;Dessie, Getenet Ayalew (57202055866) ;Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda (57216324802) ;Dhillon, Preeti (55520200200) ;Dhimal, Meghnath (54941157300) ;Dhungana, Govinda Prasad (24066372700) ;Diaz, Daniel (56644152500) ;Ding, Eric L. (54413849800) ;Diro, Helen Derara (57204564180) ;Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000) ;Do, Huyen Phuc (57200737094) ;Doku, David Teye (36015210300) ;Dolecek, Christiane (35784177100) ;Dubey, Manisha (57219898654) ;Dubljanin, Eleonora (55957442600) ;Duko Adema, Bereket (56845644100) ;Dunachie, Susanna J. (57225394332) ;Durães, Andre R. (30867558600) ;Duraisamy, Senbagam (58956978800) ;Effiong, Andem (57213158150) ;Eftekhari, Aziz (56829076800) ;El Sayed, Iman (7004479194) ;El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa (57203666922) ;El Tantawi, Maha (57214851491) ;Elemineh, Demelash Abewa (57214777126) ;El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. (34869528300) ;Elkout, Hajer (36102315300) ;Elsharkawy, Aisha (55683285000) ;Enany, Shymaa (23972375400) ;Endalamaw, Aklilu (57202040629) ;Endalew, Daniel Adane (57211158603) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Esteghamati, Alireza (11240321100) ;Etemadi, Arash (7004686554) ;Farag, Tamer H. (16230217600) ;Faraon, Emerito Jose A. (57195414019) ;Fareed, Mohammad (24491815600) ;Faridnia, Roghiyeh (55945212000) ;Farioli, Andrea (57207608705) ;Faro, Andre (36770969600) ;Farzam, Hossein (57202061001) ;Fazaeli, Ali Akbar (57204568731) ;Fazlzadeh, Mehdi (55199878200) ;Fentahun, Netsanet (56394665400) ;Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad (57202557520) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Foroutan, Masoud (58948371300) ;Francis, Joel Msafiri (35198028700) ;Franklin, Richard Charles (7201428429) ;Frostad, Joseph Jon (57222306717) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye (57225049499) ;Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse (57191226393) ;Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork (57200529247) ;Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn (57748459200) ;Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze (57204453564) ;Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea (57204563310) ;Geta, Birhanu (57208190927) ;Gezae, Kebede Embaye (57204561611) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Ghassemi, Fariba (35271776100) ;Gill, Paramjit Singh (7202766660) ;Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed (57192378390) ;Goli, Srinivas (39761832500) ;Gomes, Nelson G.M. (55326199700) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia (55958854600) ;Grada, Ayman (55797741000) ;Gugnani, Harish Chander (7005567008) ;Guido, Davide (56314778600) ;Guimarães, Rafael Alves (56534712800) ;Guo, Yuming (55712472800) ;Gupta, Rahul (57204120071) ;Gupta, Rajeev (55705295300) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Haile, Michael Tamene (57204564050) ;Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa (57219637263) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arya (57226201352) ;Hall, Brian James (57218302519) ;Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes (57201501075) ;Haririan, Hamidreza (36157009700) ;Hariyani, Ninuk (57190349243) ;Hasaballah, Ahmed I. (56002305300) ;Hasan, Md. Mehedi (57213529757) ;Hasanzadeh, Amir (57193162243) ;Hassankhani, Hadi (26436359700) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Hayelom, Desta Haftu (57216638000) ;Heidari, Behnam (6603217356) ;Henry, Nathaniel J. (57196076616) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Heydarpour, Fatemeh (57192381690) ;de Hidru, Hagos D. (57216634249) ;Hoang, Chi Linh (57205123375) ;Hoogar, Praveen (57204240256) ;Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi, Mojtaba (57003517600) ;Hossain, Naznin (57195380270) ;Hosseini, Mostafa (57204569481) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Househ, Mowafa (8667908000) ;Hu, Guoqing (57218106596) ;Humayun, Ayesha (25226911300) ;Hussain, Syed Ather (56910575300) ;Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel (57212027408) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394) ;Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja (55988289600) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100) ;Iwu, Chinwe Juliana (56904084900) ;Jaca, Anelisa (57191066193) ;Jafari Balalami, Nader (57211139609) ;Jahanmehr, Nader (57203122718) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (14318929700) ;Jalali, Amir (23469738000) ;Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra (57204797176) ;Jenabi, Ensiyeh (15755615100) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jha, Vivekanand (7005119423) ;Ji, John S. (58562329500) ;Jia, Peng (55092981100) ;Johnson, Kimberly B. (57207359220) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Jóźwiak, Jacek Jerzy (21833993700) ;Kabir, Ali (23050698400) ;Kabir, Zubair (57207901718) ;Kahsay, Amaha (57216608121) ;Kalani, Hamed (54984350500) ;Kanchan, Tanuj (35237157900) ;Karami Matin, Behzad (56943457000) ;Karch, Andre (55917217700) ;Karki, Surendra (55329873800) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie (57209913312) ;Kayode, Gbenga A. (53463867400) ;Kazemi Karyani, Ali (56664511600) ;Keiyoro, Peter Njenga (57203177260) ;Ketema, Daniel Bekele (57207259667) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif (55608324700) ;Khalid, Nauman (57204561542) ;Khalil, Ali Talha (55978863400) ;Khalil, Ibrahim (58255049500) ;Khalilov, Rovshan (57193308858) ;Khan, Md Nuruzzaman (57209404949) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Gulfaraz (6701635515) ;Khan, Junaid (57203436148) ;Khatab, Khaled (27267685100) ;Khater, Amir (57211138055) ;Khater, Mona M. (57203308114) ;Khatony, Alireza (32667760800) ;Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295) ;Khazaei, Mohammad (57204562878) ;Khazaei, Salman (55420466900) ;Khodamoradi, Ehsan (23094184200) ;Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein (56524167000) ;Khubchandani, Jagdish (57211720011) ;Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A. (57199100665) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kimokoti, Ruth W. (8647554600) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Kissoon, Niranjan (7006364038) ;Kondlahalli, Shivakumar K.M. (57221603938) ;Kosek, Margaret N. (6701330606) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kraemer, Moritz U.G. (56308225600) ;Krishan, Kewal (57202279708) ;Kugbey, Nuworza (57195398167) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kumar, Manasi (21739940700) ;Kumar, Pushpendra (57208849920) ;Kusuma, Dian (57190047530) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Lacey, Ben (7004338442) ;Lal, Aparna (55163011100) ;Lal, Dharmesh Kumar (57222488984) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Lansingh, Van C. (57209471470) ;Lasrado, Savita (36632480900) ;Lee, Paul H. (57200302692) ;Leili, Mostafa (57204565987) ;Lenjebo, Tsegaye Lolaso (57212018109) ;Levine, Aubrey J. (57189577844) ;Lewycka, Sonia (57212496031) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Linn, Shai (7102590173) ;Lodha, Rakesh (7007019609) ;Longbottom, Joshua (56785671300) ;Lopukhov, Platon D. (57191340780) ;Magdeldin, Sameh (22634774300) ;Mahasha, Phetole Walter (28767805500) ;Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur (55924241300) ;Malta, Deborah Carvalho (15835283500) ;Mamun, Abdullah A. (55666602500) ;Manafi, Farzad (55351495800) ;Manafi, Navid (57190424904) ;Manda, Ana-Laura (57204567674) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Mapoma, Chabila Christopher (57208956832) ;Marami, Dadi (57200546490) ;Marczak, Laurie B. (57200295553) ;Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio (57204796807) ;März, Winfried (57220877383) ;Masaka, Anthony (57204084551) ;Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300) ;Maulik, Pallab K. (7005919685) ;Mayala, Benjamin K. (23980407900) ;McAlinden, Colm (35325278500) ;Mehndiratta, Man Mohan (57202557864) ;Mehrotra, Ravi (7203045563) ;Mehta, Kala M. (7201939418) ;Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael (57211140536) ;Melese, Addisu (56901393600) ;Memish, Ziad A. (7005059350) ;Mena, Alemayehu Toma (57212025187) ;Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900) ;Mengesha, Melkamu Merid (57192953602) ;Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese (57194776802) ;Mengistu, Getnet (57193539632) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57219008708) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu M. (57214781514) ;Miller-Petrie, Molly K. (56387657900) ;Mills, Edward J. (57205301363) ;Mir, Seyed Mostafa (56715133100) ;Mirabi, Parvaneh (51864302500) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57216202888) ;Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Amjad (57192238333) ;Mohammad, Dara K. (43161421200) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710) ;Mohammad Darwesh, Aso (57209007333) ;Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser (57552959000) ;Mohammadifard, Noushin (23110866700) ;Mohammed, Ammas Siraj (57211140223) ;Mohammed, Jemal Abdu (57211142589) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mohebi, Farnam (55633844600) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moodley, Yoshan (57210652387) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradi, Masoud (56506570100) ;Moradi-Joo, Mohammad (56367798400) ;Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar (35617421300) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Mosapour, Abbas (16425956900) ;Mouodi, Simin (55372646500) ;Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam (56165159700) ;Mozaffor, Miliva (57202792134) ;Muluneh, Atalay Goshu (57208013708) ;Muriithi, Moses K. (55824830500) ;Murray, Christopher J.L. (55481130700) ;Murthy, G.V.S. (7101778322) ;Musa, Kamarul Imran (57194536466) ;Mustafa, Ghulam (57190395960) ;Muthupandian, Saravanan (54585668500) ;Naderi, Mehdi (57202026927) ;Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074) ;Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323) ;Najafi, Farid (21743304900) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Nazari, Javad (57207759174) ;Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith (36612016600) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Ngunjiri, Josephine W. (57195296110) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, QuynhAnh P. (57211556351) ;Nguyen, Trang Huyen (59142352200) ;Nigatu, Dabere (56275854800) ;Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini (57195329470) ;Nnaji, Chukwudi A. (57204873792) ;Nojomi, Marzieh (22941666400) ;Noubiap, Jean Jacques (55490374000) ;Oh, In-Hwan (57204090669) ;Okpala, Oluchi (26323868100) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Omar Bali, Ahmed (57201273344) ;Onwujekwe, Obinna E. (7003992855) ;Ortega-Altamirano, Doris D.V. (6505938824) ;Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo (57211311925) ;Osei, Frank B. (24829542600) ;Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo (57222581892) ;Mahesh, P.A. (57202421244) ;Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Pashaei, Tahereh (54950121600) ;Pati, Sanghamitra (55441302100) ;Patle, Ajay (57203309187) ;Patton, George C. (7102184358) ;Paulos, Kebreab (57212022022) ;Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino (59750226200) ;Pereira, Alexandre (7402230187) ;Perico, Norberto (56481931200) ;Pesudovs, Konrad (7004576721) ;Pigott, David M. (55320335600) ;Piroozi, Bakhtiar (57188976684) ;Platts-Mills, James A. (8540918800) ;Poljak, Mario (55142297400) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Pourjafar, Hadi (54881252100) ;Pourmalek, Farshad (8309390500) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Poustchi, Hossein (8622806500) ;Prada, Sergio I. (55259772200) ;Preotescu, Liliana (36011288800) ;Quintana, Hedley (56835362100) ;Rabiee, Mohammad (24587922100) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa (6507646446) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rajati, Fatemeh (54780507400) ;Ramezanzadeh, Kiana (57200621924) ;Rana, Saleem M. (57204884092) ;Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal (56719695500) ;Rasella, Davide (36184697300) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Rawal, Lal (37262106500) ;Remuzzi, Giuseppe (56466188600) ;Renjith, Vishnu (56468022200) ;Renzaho, Andre M.N. (6505786588) ;Reta, Melese Abate (57219956463) ;Rezaei, Satar (55791003000) ;Ribeiro, Ana Isabel (36860251200) ;Rickard, Jennifer (56581573500) ;Rios González, Carlos Miguel (57194781192) ;Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus (57208577330) ;Roever, Leonardo (56641632800) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Roro, Elias Merdassa (57203038680) ;Rostami, Ali (7005439033) ;Rothenbacher, Dietrich (7004765162) ;Rubagotti, Enrico (57208389589) ;Rubino, Salvatore (55240504800) ;Saad, Anas M. (57143724900) ;Sabour, Siamak (16307842100) ;Sadeghi, Ehsan (37010381500) ;Safari, Saeed (55549255200) ;Safdarian, Mahdi (57203849024) ;Sagar, Rajesh (26643103100) ;Sahraian, Mohammad Ali (55886074600) ;Sajadi, S. Mohammad (22136195900) ;Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza (55580011800) ;Salam, Nasir (23992664500) ;Salehi, Farkhonde (57211142013) ;Salehi Zahabi, Saleh (57208184518) ;Salem, Hosni (16246117500) ;Salem, Marwa R. Rashad (57194137372) ;Salimi, Yahya (54421017000) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Sambala, Evanson Zondani (36718133800) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Santos, Itamar S. (57198312911) ;Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer (57211312277) ;Sarker, Abdur Razzaque (55908816200) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691) ;Sbarra, Alyssa N. (57200546253) ;Schaeffer, Lauren E. (57208868098) ;Schwebel, David C. (6603681532) ;Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta (57212584644) ;Senthilkumaran, Subramanian (36191387000) ;Shabaninejad, Hosein (56047947500) ;Shaheen, Amira A. (57202560956) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shalash, Ali S. (36521728200) ;Shallo, Seifadin Ahmed (57210789508) ;Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran (57193608415) ;Shamsi, Mohammad Bagher (57204557980) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Sharif, Mehdi (16022734200) ;Shey, Muki Shehu (10138820000) ;Shibuya, Kenji (8948057900) ;Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw (57214329180) ;Shigematsu, Mika (23968093000) ;Shil, Apurba (59351162700) ;Shin, Jae Il (57964880100) ;Shiri, Rahman (57200737050) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Si, Si (56706979500) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Singh, Narinder Pal (57211864736) ;Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609) ;Sisay, Malede Mequanent (57211322781) ;Skiadaresi, Eirini (37100428500) ;Smith, David L. (55574206203) ;Sobhiyeh, Mohammad Reza (35280718200) ;Sokhan, Anton (57201637884) ;Soofi, Moslem (56373891000) ;Soriano, Joan B. (7101973935) ;Sorrie, Muluken Bekele (57195303874) ;Soyiri, Ireneous N. (15052406400) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. (57212263335) ;Sudaryanto, Agus (57305372500) ;Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul (55496122500) ;Sykes, Bryan L. (57218362022) ;Tamirat, Koku Sisay (57204562393) ;Tassew, Aberash Abay (57204559404) ;Taveira, Nuno (6602731390) ;Taye, Bineyam (57210469900) ;Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash (57204006020) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Tesfay, Berhe Etsay (57211142477) ;Tesfay, Fisaha Haile (57203977293) ;Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse (57211312128) ;Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (57202955435) ;Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish (54407369300) ;Thomas, Nihal (7401830494) ;Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh (57205240663) ;Tlou, Boikhutso (56554117100) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Traini, Eugenio (57211137081) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Trihandini, Indang (8449988100) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran (12790012100) ;Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel (57216154072) ;Valdez, Pascual R. (57202115577) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Veisani, Yousef (55370882600) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vollmer, Sebastian (24460878700) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Wada, Fiseha Wadilo (57194049305) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wang, Yafeng (57208674780) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay (57211811032) ;Welgan, Catherine A. (57188448200) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wiangkham, Taweewat (56829456300) ;Wijeratne, Tissa (14051317700) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wolde, Haileab Fekadu (57199530258) ;Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu (57207771936) ;Wonde, Tewodros Eshete (57207759070) ;Wu, Ai-Min (57203702647) ;Xu, Gelin (57203583113) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein (26029029100) ;Yamada, Tomohide (37662679800) ;Yaseri, Mehdi (23029507000) ;Yenesew, Muluken Azage (39361108000) ;Yeshaneh, Alex (57204564144) ;Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu (57212019529) ;Yimer, Ebrahim M. (57204849530) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn (49664327400) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A. (56183368000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos (57193255530) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw (57193096860) ;Zepro, Nejimu Biza (57193095335) ;Zewale, Taye Abuhay (57209219258) ;Zhang, Dongyu (57216327764) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhao, Xiu-Ju (8360350900) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080)Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Reiner RC Jr, Hay SI. Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2020; 395: 1779–801—In this Article, the author byline has been amended to Local Burden of Disease Diarrhoea Collaborators. This correction has been made to the online version as of June 4, 2020, and the printed version is correct. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Erratum: Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1736–1788)(S0140673618322037)(10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7))(2018) ;Roth, Gregory A. (55074747400) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abate, Kalkidan Hassen (57207943858) ;Abay, Solomon M. (35306466900) ;Abbafati, Cristiana (54917122400) ;Abbasi, Nooshin (57212442022) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdela, Jemal (57200613000) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Haftom Temesgen (55950002100) ;Abebe, Molla (57211131124) ;Abebe, Zegeye (57193002719) ;Abejie, Ayenew Negesse (57203015573) ;Abera, Semaw F. (57205180598) ;Abil, Olifan Zewdie (57204558002) ;Abraha, Haftom Niguse (57195289877) ;Abrham, Aklilu Roba (57202704637) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adamu, Abdu A. (57202024381) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adhena, Beyene Meressa (57322512000) ;Adib, Mina G. (57204560513) ;Admasie, Amha (56609274200) ;Afshin, Ashkan (57217465455) ;Agarwal, Gina (57220151944) ;Agesa, Kareha M. (57204562362) ;Agrawal, Anurag (35214460700) ;Agrawal, Sutapa (57202841733) ;Ahmadi, Alireza (56336080700) ;Ahmadi, Mehdi (16644923000) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Ahmed, Sayem (58601030100) ;Aichour, Amani Nidhal (57195486768) ;Aichour, Ibtihel (57195485980) ;Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine (57195488258) ;Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil (56666938200) ;Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola (25633566800) ;Akseer, Nadia (57207801968) ;Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500) ;Al-Eyadhy, Ayman (24554080400) ;Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. (57219673720) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Alam, Khurshid (57203681299) ;Alam, Tahiya (57205589820) ;Alebel, Animut (57195961302) ;Alene, Kefyalew Addis (57202583764) ;Alijanzadeh, Mehran (56236864700) ;Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza (36024974700) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Alkerwi, Ala'a (57197724313) ;Alla, Francois (6701580827) ;Allebeck, Peter (7005187575) ;Alonso, Jordi (7403482329) ;Altirkawi, Khalid (57202762923) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Amare, Azmeraw T. (57202220009) ;Aminde, Leopold N. (56287711300) ;Amini, Erfan (35073393800) ;Ammar, Walid (57208159281) ;Amoako, Yaw Ampem (44960986700) ;Anber, Nahla Hamed (57202351369) ;Andrei, Catalina Liliana (36543507200) ;Androudi, Sofia (6603286512) ;Animut, Megbaru Debalkie (57204558749) ;Anjomshoa, Mina (57204563282) ;Ansari, Hossein (56919376000) ;Ansha, Mustafa Geleto (57195329453) ;Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. (55247644500) ;Anwari, Palwasha (57217465526) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Arnlov, Johan (6602512227) ;Arora, Amit (36676951800) ;Arora, Monika (8700408200) ;Artaman, Al (57217223811) ;Aryal, Krishna K. (57203859052) ;Asayesh, Hamid (55334322800) ;Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay (57203306449) ;Ataro, Zerihun (57204563849) ;Atique, Suleman (56505419100) ;Atre, Sachin R. (22933845900) ;Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907) ;Avokpaho, Euripide F.G.A. (57209842037) ;Awasthi, Ashish (58420926700) ;Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina (55598298700) ;Ayele, Yohanes (57195129631) ;Ayer, Rakesh (56051098100) ;Azzopardi, Peter S. (56861081000) ;Babazadeh, Arefeh (57200079032) ;Bacha, Umar (57200173721) ;Badali, Hamid (15123728900) ;Badawi, Alaa (57216776029) ;Bali, Ayele Geleto (57204564615) ;Ballesteros, Katherine E. (57207968050) ;Banach, Maciej (22936699500) ;Banerjee, Kajori (57193448932) ;Bannick, Marlena S. (57206834518) ;Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar (57204568975) ;Barboza, Miguel A. (56650777100) ;Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn (57193065514) ;Barnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900) ;Barquera, Simon (6601928375) ;Barrero, Lope H. (57208560675) ;Bassat, Quique (23024176000) ;Basu, Sanjay (9335409500) ;Baune, Bernhard T. (6603807336) ;Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw (57192710748) ;Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad (57205912040) ;Bedi, Neeraj (57988442200) ;Beghi, Ettore (7004809655) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Behzadifar, Meysam (59429991000) ;Bejot, Yannick (14038743100) ;Bekele, Bayu Begashaw (57196083941) ;Belachew, Abate Bekele (57201657313) ;Belay, Ezra (56372891800) ;Belay, Yihalem Abebe (57202972558) ;Bell, Michelle L. (7401466450) ;Bello, Aminu K. (12759638700) ;Bennett, Derrick A. (57650836400) ;Bensenor, Isabela M. (7004830338) ;Berman, Adam E. (7201959854) ;Bernabe, Eduardo (57194696150) ;Bernstein, Robert S. (56971681200) ;Bertolacci, Gregory J. (57204558417) ;Beuran, Mircea (25229806700) ;Beyranvand, Tina (57203000763) ;Bhalla, Ashish (57202555305) ;Bhattarai, Suraj (55646532200) ;Bhaumik, Soumyadeeep (55643126300) ;Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. (24342648300) ;Biadgo, Belete (55672090500) ;Biehl, Molly H. (57196041812) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Bikbov, Boris (57219957158) ;Bilano, Ver (57189663783) ;Bililign, Nigus (57216264444) ;Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat (55408904500) ;Bisanzio, Donal (57196394991) ;Biswas, Tuhin (59824959000) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Basara, Berrak Bora (23089934500) ;Borschmann, Rohan (35091024300) ;Bosetti, Cristina (7005452936) ;Bozorgmehr, Kayvan (34767823500) ;Brady, Oliver J. (57218716651) ;Brant, Luisa C. (40160889400) ;Brayne, Carol (57210386759) ;Brazinova, Alexandra (57216996405) ;Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. (6603260895) ;Brenner, Hermann (7201832825) ;Briant, Paul Svitil (57196152334) ;Britton, Gabrielle (7004997832) ;Brugha, Traolach (35370057100) ;Busse, Reinhard (35589070800) ;Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739) ;Callender, Charlton S.K.H. (57195560691) ;Campos-Nonato, Ismael R. (57203424784) ;Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar (6505846919) ;Cano, Jorge (7201865982) ;Car, Mate (57113377700) ;Cardenas, Rosario (57216482927) ;Carreras, Giulia (57221176357) ;Carrero, Juan J. (16834646800) ;Carter, Austin (57201756395) ;Carvalho, Felix (7103070417) ;Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700) ;Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline (57197814657) ;Castle, Chris D. (57196079840) ;Castro, Clara (54787333700) ;Castro, Franz (57204567353) ;Catala-Lopez, Ferran (57202553733) ;Cerin, Ester (14522064200) ;Chaiah, Yazan (57204565480) ;Chang, Jung-Chen (57202568248) ;Charlson, Fiona J. (57191632086) ;Chaturvedi, Pankaj (35547314900) ;Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia (59846886500) ;Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel (57217262222) ;Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe (56761895800) ;Chitheer, Abdulaal (57209314488) ;Chowdhury, Rajiv (57216138475) ;Christensen, Hanne (57202099623) ;Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533) ;Chung, Sheng-Chia (56008137900) ;Cicuttini, Flavia M. (7005887430) ;Ciobanu, Liliana G. (57201603453) ;Cirillo, Massimo (35247478400) ;Cohen, Aaron J. (7404780942) ;Cooper, Leslie Trumbull (15754277900) ;Cortesi, Paolo Angelo (57200306512) ;Cortinovis, Monica (57207893885) ;Cousin, Ewerton (57194620705) ;Cowie, Benjamin C. (57202566182) ;Criqui, Michael H. (57212369327) ;Cromwell, Elizabeth A. (15727546000) ;Crowe, Christopher Stephen (55976347800) ;Crump, John A. (57202595111) ;Cunningham, Matthew (57204558787) ;Daba, Alemneh Kabeta (57203300408) ;Dadi, Abel Fekadu (57031690900) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Dang, Anh Kim (57195728465) ;Dargan, Paul I. (57212154356) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Das, Siddharth K. (55362129800) ;Gupta, Rajat Das (57215122060) ;Neves, Jose Das (57208073193) ;Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye (57204268402) ;Dash, Aditya Prasad (57205497428) ;Davis, Adrian C. (7404296836) ;Davis Weaver, Nicole (57203300193) ;Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil (57202555163) ;Davletov, Kairat (6602803024) ;De La Hoz, Fernando Pio (23134262800) ;De Neve, Jan-Walter (57039962400) ;Degefa, Meaza Girma (57204559873) ;Degenhardt, Louisa (7004040033) ;Degfie, Tizta T. (57194129130) ;Deiparine, Selina (57205252200) ;Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam (57202214514) ;Demtsu, Balem Betsu (57204566544) ;Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar (25228198700) ;Deribe, Kebede (57193912587) ;Dervenis, Nikolaos (35368148900) ;Des Jarlais, Don C. (56990451200) ;Dessie, Getenet Ayalew (57202055866) ;Dey, Subhojit (25958052600) ;Dharmaratne, Samath D. (57216324802) ;Dicker, Daniel (57196026676) ;Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese (57201669580) ;Ding, Eric L. (54413849800) ;Dirac, M. Ashworth (57193092988) ;Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000) ;Dokova, Klara (57201523771) ;Doku, David Teye (36015210300) ;Donnelly, Christl A. (35468127900) ;Dorsey, E. Ray (23102496300) ;Doshi, Pratik P. (57202595536) ;Douwes-Schultz, Dirk (57196081398) ;Doyle, Kerrie E. (55693710800) ;Driscoll, Tim R. (7005928308) ;Dubey, Manisha (57219898654) ;Dubljanin, Eleonora (55957442600) ;Duken, Eyasu Ejeta (57204560558) ;Duncan, Bruce B. (35476478500) ;Duraes, Andre R. (30867558600) ;Ebrahimi, Hedyeh (57195329214) ;Ebrahimpour, Soheil (57204558416) ;Edessa, Dumessa (56922334200) ;Edvardsson, David (35229255500) ;Eggen, Anne Elise (7007019553) ;El Bcheraoui, Charbel (25027689700) ;El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa (57203666922) ;El-Khatib, Ziad (54908919000) ;Elkout, Hajer (36102315300) ;Ellingsen, Christian Lycke (7801360950) ;Endres, Matthias (7005056946) ;Endries, Aman Yesuf (57216324852) ;Er, Benjamin (57204568328) ;Erskine, Holly E. (57202798676) ;Eshrati, Babak (16030619200) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Esmaeili, Reza (57193352042) ;Esteghamati, Alireza (11240321100) ;Fakhar, Mahdi (24168542800) ;Fakhim, Hamed (56532027000) ;Faramarzi, Mahbobeh (8928307700) ;Fareed, Mohammad (24491815600) ;Farhadi, Farzaneh (55869726400) ;Farinha, Carla Sofia Esá (57190279273) ;Faro, Andre (36770969600) ;Farvid, Maryam S. (57216534761) ;Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611) ;Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein (36458335600) ;Feigin, Valery L. (57203677957) ;Feigl, Andrea B. (57202461042) ;Fentahun, Netsanet (56394665400) ;Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad (57202557520) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Fernandes, Joao C. (35274726800) ;Ferrari, Alize J. (57195348907) ;Feyissa, Garumma Tolu (55504728900) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Finegold, Samuel (57195558156) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Foigt, Nataliya A. (57216998893) ;Foreman, Kyle J. (57209064414) ;Fornari, Carla (15022250200) ;Frank, Tahvi D. (57203197110) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Fuller, John E. (57204565664) ;Fullman, Nancy (57211064970) ;Furst, Thomas (57208431345) ;Furtado, Joao M. (36801755000) ;Futran, Neal D. (35554564000) ;Gallus, Silvano (7005387365) ;Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L. (57200187168) ;Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A. (55930749500) ;Gardner, William M. (57204566870) ;Gebre, Abadi Kahsu (59426751000) ;Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde (57216482917) ;Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay (57202566187) ;Gebremichael, Bereket (57191254167) ;Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo (57204566728) ;Gelano, Tilayie Feto (57200628899) ;Geleijnse, Johanna M. (35195702500) ;Genova-Maleras, Ricard (15070563900) ;Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea (57204563310) ;Gething, Peter W. (57193559189) ;Gezae, Kebede Embaye (57204561611) ;Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul (57204797800) ;Ghadimi, Reza (57202290802) ;Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil (15724975400) ;Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam (55371171100) ;Ghimire, Mamata (57190385188) ;Gibney, Katherine B. (57202564104) ;Gill, Paramjit Singh (7202766660) ;Gill, Tiffany K. (8545441900) ;Gillum, Richard F. (7103181331) ;Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed (57192378390) ;Giroud, Maurice (7203027541) ;Giussani, Giorgia (57200843076) ;Goenka, Shifalika (57217111080) ;Goldberg, Ellen M. (57191842703) ;Goli, Srinivas (39761832500) ;Gomez-Dantes, Hector (57202555692) ;Gona, Philimon N. (57219703762) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Gorman, Taren M. (57204559340) ;Goto, Atsushi (57193212299) ;Goulart, Alessandra C. (57201181348) ;Gnedovskaya, Elena V. (56806916500) ;Grada, Ayman (55797741000) ;Grosso, Giuseppe (57196998256) ;Gugnani, Harish Chander (7005567008) ;Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena (7102920800) ;Guo, Yuming (55712472800) ;Gupta, Prakash C. (58767181900) ;Gupta, Rahul (57204120071) ;Gupta, Rajeev (55705295300) ;Gupta, Tanush (57219956402) ;Gutierrez, Reyna Alma (57200298415) ;Gyawali, Bishal (56237046200) ;Haagsma, Juanita A. (57202571125) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Hagos, Tekleberhan B. (57204236893) ;Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa (57202206322) ;Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa (57219637263) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arya (57226201352) ;Hamadeh, Randah R. (57202769526) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Handal, Alexis J. (57208977398) ;Hankey, Graeme J. (7102816661) ;Harb, Hilda L. (57221443122) ;Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai (57202524069) ;Haro, Josep Maria (57215877903) ;Hasan, Mehedi (57908537100) ;Hassankhani, Hadi (26436359700) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Havmoeller, Rasmus (57212075728) ;Hay, Roderick J. (56785229200) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;He, Yihua (57204561423) ;Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar (35867288600) ;Hegazy, Mohamed I. (35110336200) ;Heibati, Behzad (55341086000) ;Heidari, Mohsen (56814474300) ;Hendrie, Delia (6602071966) ;Henok, Andualem (57196451824) ;Henry, Nathaniel J. (57196076616) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Heydarpour, Fatemeh (57192381690) ;Heydarpour, Pouria (57202568884) ;Heydarpour, Sousan (53871251300) ;Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw (57200538678) ;Hoek, Hans W. (57202570421) ;Hole, Michael K. (57159282400) ;Homaie Rad, Enayatollah (57196329821) ;Hoogar, Praveen (57204240256) ;Hosgood, H. Dean (56353204400) ;Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa (59438018800) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Hostiuc, Mihaela (51763789200) ;Hostiuc, Sorin (24829099800) ;Hotez, Peter J. (7004958298) ;Hoy, Damian G. (57216593652) ;Hsiao, Thomas (57204559888) ;Hu, Guoqing (57218106596) ;Huang, John J. (56135699200) ;Husseini, Abdullatif (6603689690) ;Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama (56125214500) ;Hutfless, Susan (35331919500) ;Idrisov, Bulat (57208773503) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Iqbal, Usman (55572166900) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter (57203666733) ;Islam, Nazrul (57217501333) ;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100) ;Islami, Farhad (56926442900) ;Jacobsen, Kathryn H. (26029163100) ;Jahangiry, Leila (56281924800) ;Jahanmehr, Nader (57203122718) ;Jain, Sudhir Kumar (55461277300) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (14318929700) ;Jalu, Moti Tolera (57200541197) ;James, Spencer L. (57202557998) ;Javanbakht, Mehdi (57204619886) ;Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra (57204797176) ;Jeemon, Panniyammakal (57216324831) ;Jenkins, Kathy J. (7103360798) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jha, Vivekanand (7005119423) ;Johnson, Catherine O. (57212301236) ;Johnson, Sarah C. (57207904886) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Joshi, Ankur (7402453097) ;Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy (21833993700) ;Jungari, Suresh Banayya (57188682037) ;Jurisson, Mikk (55547524800) ;Kabir, Zubair (57207901718) ;Kadel, Rajendra (57196080325) ;Kahsay, Amaha (57216608121) ;Kalani, Rizwan (13006237100) ;Karami, Manoochehr (26655761400) ;Karami Matin, Behzad (56943457000) ;Karch, Andre (57223444197) ;Karema, Corine (57202557522) ;Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza (56524603600) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kassa, Dessalegn H. (57203308233) ;Kassa, Getachew Mullu (56229895500) ;Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale (58686045600) ;Kassebaum, Nicholas J. (57202562224) ;Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal (6508254091) ;Kaul, Anil (16156995700) ;Kazemi, Zhila (57193419725) ;Kazemi Karyani, Ali (56664511600) ;Kazi, Dhruv Satish (57216814161) ;Kefale, Adane Teshome (57194507694) ;Keiyoro, Peter Njenga (57203177260) ;Kemp, Grant Rodgers (57203301895) ;Kengne, Andre Pascal (7801322838) ;Keren, Andre (7005620132) ;Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair (57218000521) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khafaei, Behzad (55608664400) ;Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif (55608324700) ;Khajavi, Alireza (59211059000) ;Khalid, Nauman (57204561542) ;Khalil, Ibrahim A. (58255049500) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb (55808731000) ;Khan, Muhammad Ali (7410318229) ;Khang, Young-Ho (57198904674) ;Khater, Mona M. (57203308114) ;Khoja, Abdullah T. (57194229795) ;Khosravi, Ardeshir (57201190837) ;Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein (56524167000) ;Khubchandani, Jagdish (57211720011) ;Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A. (57199100665) ;Kibret, Getiye D. (57194615380) ;Kidanemariam, Zelalem Teklemariam (49864952300) ;Kiirithio, Daniel N. (57203306067) ;Kim, Daniel (57223019104) ;Kim, Young-Eun (59475314200) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kimokoti, Ruth W. (8647554600) ;Kinfu, Yohannes (12770281900) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna (6508376962) ;Kivimaki, Mika (7004391239) ;Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo (57192966362) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800) ;Kochhar, Sonali (57214107714) ;Kokubo, Yoshihiro (56155004000) ;Kolola, Tufa (57191620788) ;Kopec, Jacek A. (7006284395) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kravchenko, Michael A. (57202569007) ;Krishan, Kewal (57202279708) ;Kuate Defo, Barthelemy (6602271655) ;Kucuk Bicer, Burcu (57204528360) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kumar, Manasi (21739940700) ;Kumar, Pushpendra (57208849920) ;Kutz, Michael J. (57195617315) ;Kuzin, Igor (7003625390) ;Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe (57217040073) ;Lad, Deepesh P. (58072597300) ;Lad, Sheetal D. (57204569391) ;Lafranconi, Alessandra (55767061200) ;Lal, Dharmesh Kumar (57222488984) ;Lalloo, Ratilal (57189334553) ;Lallukka, Tea (6508300634) ;Lam, Jennifer O. (57201997930) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Lansingh, Van C. (57194598546) ;Lansky, Sonia (56038709700) ;Larson, Heidi J. (57202559142) ;Latifi, Arman (57203006419) ;Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming (57204566924) ;Lazarus, Jeffrey V. (55431519100) ;Lebedev, Georgy (57204560431) ;Lee, Paul H. (57200302692) ;Leigh, James (7202089604) ;Leili, Mostafa (57204565987) ;Leshargie, Cheru Tesema (57195295462) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Li, Yichong (57218426673) ;Liang, Juan (57198351058) ;Lim, Lee-Ling (56988527400) ;Lim, Stephen S. (7404081544) ;Limenih, Miteku Andualem (57194062676) ;Linn, Shai (7102590173) ;Liu, Shiwei (57209574351) ;Liu, Yang (57202561981) ;Lodha, Rakesh (7007019609) ;Lonsdale, Chris (12760126800) ;Lopez, Alan D. (7401455668) ;Lorkowski, Stefan (57203677656) ;Lotufo, Paulo A. (7003331101) ;Lozano, Rafael (7102198442) ;Lunevicius, Raimundas (57216165063) ;Ma, Stefan (7403723389) ;Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King (56330601800) ;Mackay, Mark T. (7103172855) ;MacLachlan, Jennifer H. (55431229800) ;Maddison, Emilie R. (57196084094) ;Madotto, Fabiana (16029150500) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan (57195948985) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed (57201191366) ;Maghavani, Dhaval P. (57204558721) ;Majdan, Marek (36147855100) ;Majdzadeh, Reza (9246620000) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760) ;Malta, Deborah Carvalho (15835283500) ;Manda, Ana-Laura (57204567674) ;Mandarano-Filho, Luiz Garcia (55342472900) ;Manguerra, Helena (57208121153) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Mapoma, Chabila Christopher (57208956832) ;Marami, Dadi (57200546490) ;Maravilla, Joemer C. (57008289000) ;Marcenes, Wagner (7005668102) ;Marczak, Laurie (57200295553) ;Marks, Ashley (57204558704) ;Marks, Guy B. (7202971580) ;Martinez, Gabriel (57208099155) ;Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio (57204796807) ;Martopullo, Ira (57193550189) ;Marz, Winfried (57220877383) ;Marzan, Melvin B. (57200737144) ;Masci, Joseph R. (56787746300) ;Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard (55859007400) ;Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300) ;Mathur, Prashant (7201845777) ;Matzopoulos, Richard (57203438721) ;Maulik, Pallab K. (7005919685) ;Mazidi, Mohsen (57200232563) ;McAlinden, Colm (35325278500) ;McGrath, John J. (57202560550) ;McKee, Martin (7202304775) ;McMahon, Brian J. (56713188900) ;Mehata, Suresh (57211773159) ;Mehndiratta, Man Mohan (57202557864) ;Mehrotra, Ravi (7203045563) ;Mehta, Kala M. (7201939418) ;Mehta, Varshil (57158753300) ;Mekonnen, Tefera C. (57193872649) ;Melese, Addisu (56901393600) ;Melku, Mulugeta (56032188500) ;Memiah, Peter T.N. (57217207827) ;Memish, Ziad A. (7005059350) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese (57194776802) ;Mengistu, Getnet (57193539632) ;Mensah, George A. (57196028147) ;Mereta, Seid Tiku (57203628211) ;Meretoja, Atte (12775885500) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57202554188) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane (57222113213) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Miazgowski, Tomasz (6701404689) ;Millear, Anoushka I. (57204879537) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine (56387657900) ;Mini, G.K. (12800865800) ;Mirabi, Parvaneh (51864302500) ;Mirarefin, Mojde (57222113397) ;Mirica, Andreea (57188983765) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57216202888) ;Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen (57202808713) ;Mitiku, Habtamu (49864023500) ;Moazen, Babak (57204324006) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammadi, Moslem (56274033300) ;Mohammadifard, Noushin (23110866700) ;Mohammed, Mohammed A. (57196575014) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mohan, Viswanathan (57216603627) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Molokhia, Mariam (7004121920) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar (35617421300) ;Moradinazar, Mehdi (59750499200) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Morawska, Lidia (7004773965) ;Velasquez, Ilais Moreno (56499291900) ;Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana (57204560697) ;Morrison, Shane Douglas (45661573100) ;Moschos, Marilita M. (7004456074) ;Mouodi, Simin (55372646500) ;Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam (56165159700) ;Muchie, Kindie Fentahun (57194458469) ;Mueller, Ulrich Otto (8512347500) ;Mukhopadhyay, Satinath (36342847700) ;Muller, Kate (57196075658) ;Mumford, John Everett (57221821974) ;Musa, Jonah (15022919200) ;Musa, Kamarul Imran (57194536466) ;Mustafa, Ghulam (57190395960) ;Muthupandian, Saravanan (54585668500) ;Nachega, Jean B. (6701544088) ;Nagel, Gabriele (7103201623) ;Naheed, Aliya (57202560989) ;Nahvijou, Azin (18837247000) ;Naik, Gurudatta (56020694000) ;Nair, Sanjeev (7402726229) ;Najafi, Farid (21743304900) ;Naldi, Luigi (7004954781) ;Nam, Hae Sung (7102066169) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Nansseu, Jobert Richie (55548984700) ;Nascimento, Bruno Ramos (14424406800) ;Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan (55804491100) ;Neamati, Nahid (57204566952) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Negoi, Ruxandra Irina (55566106200) ;Neupane, Subas (57215632313) ;Newton, Charles R.J. (35465836500) ;Ngalesoni, Frida N. (57219463339) ;Ngunjiri, Josephine W. (57195296110) ;Nguyen, Anh Quynh (57204557413) ;Nguyen, Grant (57191591002) ;Nguyen, Ha Thu (57468278900) ;Nguyen, Huong Thanh (37093238600) ;Nguyen, Long Hoang (56567321800) ;Nguyen, Minh (58203329200) ;Nguyen, Trang Huyen (59142352200) ;Nichols, Emma (57205756163) ;Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini (57195329470) ;Nirayo, Yirga Legesse (57201651103) ;Nixon, Molly R. (57204562047) ;Nolutshungu, Nomonde (57204567895) ;Nomura, Shuhei (55632290700) ;Norheim, Ole F. (7004082597) ;Noroozi, Mehdi (57035125300) ;Norrving, Bo (12792377500) ;Noubiap, Jean Jacques (55490374000) ;Nouri, Hamid Reza (58754802100) ;Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour (56960536000) ;Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza (8866311900) ;Nyasulu, Peter S. (36700333500) ;Odell, Christopher M. (57204283884) ;Ofori-Asenso, Richard (57209300265) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57217186813) ;Oh, In-Hwan (57204090669) ;Oladimeji, Olanrewaju (57216495380) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olivares, Pedro R. (7003510190) ;Olsen, Helen Elizabeth (57203080494) ;Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola (57218504682) ;Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun (57222488860) ;Ong, Kanyin L. (57210793447) ;Ong, Sok King Sk (36614524300) ;Oren, Eyal (36815569400) ;Orpana, Heather M. (6507559930) ;Ortiz, Alberto (7201911399) ;Ortiz, Justin R. (57201758478) ;Otstavnov, Stanislav S. (57204561394) ;Overland, Simon (23028540300) ;Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo (57222581892) ;Ozdemir, Raziye (46761319200) ;Mahesh, P.A. (57202421244) ;Pacella, Rosana (57194839077) ;Pakhale, Smita (57220937499) ;Pakhare, Abhijit P. (54383993100) ;Pakpour, Amir H. (56181056500) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra (6603112353) ;Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai (6701618847) ;Parisi, Andrea (57203642960) ;Park, Eun-Kee (57216814178) ;Parry, Charles D.H. (7102561312) ;Parsian, Hadi (55991107900) ;Patel, Shanti (57072227700) ;Pati, Sanghamitra (55441302100) ;Patton, George C. (7102184358) ;Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao (56499299400) ;Paulson, Katherine R. (57203437789) ;Pereira, Alexandre (7402230187) ;Pereira, David M. (57200690024) ;Perico, Norberto (56481931200) ;Pesudovs, Konrad (7004576721) ;Petzold, Max (7003628893) ;Phillips, Michael R. (57202563610) ;Piel, Frederic B. (56866735900) ;Pigott, David M. (55320335600) ;Pillay, Julian David (57197803061) ;Pirsaheb, Meghdad (25645282200) ;Pishgar, Farhad (56676403900) ;Polinder, Suzanne (12766122200) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Poustchi, Hossein (8622806500) ;Pujar, Ashwini (57204567538) ;Prakash, Swayam (57212263375) ;Prasad, Narayan (23028765700) ;Purcell, Caroline A. (56203575500) ;Qorbani, Mostafa (24831040300) ;Quintana, Hedley (56835362100) ;Quistberg, D.Alex (6507023057) ;Rade, Kirankumar Waman (53264601000) ;Anwar Rafay, Amir Radfar (57194428768) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimi, Kazem (58482212900) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin (8696686900) ;Rahman, Mahfuzar (35571661300) ;Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur (57208867497) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rai, Rajesh Kumar (51864423900) ;Rajsic, Sasa (57196448260) ;Ram, Usha (26653819000) ;Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal (56719695500) ;Ranjan, Prabhat (57200595370) ;Rao, Puja C. (57191835613) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Razo-Garcia, Christian (57191620919) ;Reddy, K. Srinath (35417788900) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Reitsma, Marissa B. (57208766315) ;Remuzzi, Giuseppe (56466188600) ;Renzaho, Andre M.N. (6505786588) ;Resnikoff, Serge (7006012071) ;Rezaei, Satar (55791003000) ;Rezaeian, Shahab (55214334100) ;Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh (55273796300) ;Riahi, Seyed Mohammad (57193205976) ;Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P. (57204577960) ;Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus (57208577330) ;Roba, Kedir Teji (57203667432) ;Roberts, Nicholas L.S. (57204562597) ;Robinson, Stephen R. (7402673969) ;Roever, Leonardo (56641632800) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Rostami, Ali (7005439033) ;Rothenbacher, Dietrich (7004765162) ;Roy, Ambuj (7402704658) ;Rubagotti, Enrico (57208389589) ;Sachdev, Perminder S. (7102284091) ;Saddik, Basema (23020079300) ;Sadeghi, Ehsan (37010381500) ;Safari, Hosein (57204236925) ;Safdarian, Mahdi (57203849024) ;Safi, Sare (57219477293) ;Safiri, Saeid (56009654100) ;Sagar, Rajesh (26643103100) ;Sahebkar, Amirhossein (26639699900) ;Sahraian, Mohammad Ali (55886074600) ;Salam, Nasir (23992664500) ;Salama, Joseph S. (57202975625) ;Salamati, Payman (14045860600) ;De Freitas Saldanha, Raphael (57193063393) ;Saleem, Zikria (56179814800) ;Salimi, Yahya (54421017000) ;Salvi, Sundeep Santosh (7005258777) ;Salz, Inbal (57199623777) ;Sambala, Evanson Zondani (36718133800) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria (57202569015) ;Santomauro, Damian Francesco (56912450700) ;Santos, Itamar S. (57198312911) ;Santos, Joao Vasco (57226214352) ;Santric Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao (57202052980) ;Sarker, Abdur Razzaque (55908816200) ;Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo (57204744430) ;Sarrafzadegan, Nizal (6701751316) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Sarvi, Shahabeddin (56168398100) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691) ;Sawant, Arundhati R. (57204568004) ;Sawhney, Monika (57217153893) ;Saxena, Sonia (57203151746) ;Sayyah, Mehdi (10540414200) ;Schaeffner, Elke (6507021741) ;Schmidt, Maria Ines (7404398885) ;Schneider, Ione J.C. (57201292772) ;Schottker, Ben (37665918200) ;Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth (57216814352) ;Schwebel, David C. (6603681532) ;Schwendicke, Falk (55639536600) ;Scott, James G. (57218307442) ;Sekerija, Mario (30268005400) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Servan-Mori, Edson (57202594826) ;Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba (57204698893) ;Shabaninejad, Hosein (56047947500) ;Shackelford, Katya Anne (57202959163) ;Shafieesabet, Azadeh (56964338900) ;Shahbazi, Mehdi (58427375600) ;Shaheen, Amira A. (57202560956) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran (57193608415) ;Shamsi, Mohammadbagher (57204557980) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Sharafi, Kiomars (57194516056) ;Sharif, Mehdi (16022734200) ;Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi (35108018000) ;Sharma, Rajesh (58228412600) ;She, Jun (57209122131) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Shi, Peilin (57203064901) ;Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay (57205232012) ;Shigematsu, Mika (23968093000) ;Shiri, Rahman (57200737050) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Shiue, Ivy (35811219800) ;Shokraneh, Farhad (36146063000) ;Shrime, Mark G. (57204703404) ;Si, Si (56706979500) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Siddiqi, Tariq J. (57193718539) ;Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora (57195363778) ;Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig (56006396200) ;Silberberg, Donald H. (57223420256) ;Santos Silva, Diego Augusto (36985158000) ;Silva, Joao Pedro (7403023631) ;Da Silva, Natacha Torres (57207324515) ;Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves (57190284103) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Singh, Narinder Pal (57211864736) ;Singh, Prashant Kumar (57208090732) ;Singh, Virendra (57191848598) ;Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609) ;Sliwa, Karen (57207223988) ;Smith, Mari (57195484737) ;Sobaih, Badr Hasan (57202564080) ;Sobhani, Soheila (57193095221) ;Sobngwi, Eugene (6701427993) ;Soneji, Samir S. (57204096389) ;Soofi, Moslem (56373891000) ;Sorensen, Reed J.D. (57196918748) ;Soriano, Joan B. (7101973935) ;Soyiri, Ireneous N. (15052406400) ;Sposato, Luciano A. (25640261000) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. (57212263335) ;Srinivasan, Vinay (57196077031) ;Stanaway, Jeffrey D. (57201210928) ;Starodubov, Vladimir I. (6701820838) ;Stathopoulou, Vasiliki (57209726581) ;Stein, Dan J. (55769747595) ;Steiner, Caitlyn (57205358084) ;Stewart, Leo G. (57204565284) ;Stokes, Mark A. (7102859000) ;Subart, Michelle L. (57194140438) ;Sudaryanto, Agus (57305372500) ;Sufiyan, Mu'Awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Sur, Patrick John (57218360398) ;Sutradhar, Ipsita (57202349742) ;Sykes, Bryan L. (57211183396) ;Sylaja, P.N. (12787344300) ;Sylte, Dillon O. (57211183601) ;Szoeke, Cassandra E.I. (6505920990) ;Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tabuchi, Takahiro (55177892400) ;Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar (57207799926) ;Takahashi, Ken (55741242600) ;Tandon, Nikhil (7101833756) ;Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel (57204569108) ;Taveira, Nuno (6602731390) ;Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash (57204006020) ;Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw (57204558037) ;Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin (57204237146) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Temsah, Omar (57204559820) ;Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman (57211144258) ;Teshale, Manaye Yihune (57204566390) ;Tessema, Belay (20735503600) ;Tessema, Gizachew Assefa (57196316304) ;Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (57202955435) ;Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish (54407369300) ;Thomas, Nihal (7401830494) ;Thrift, Amanda G. (7004824524) ;Thurston, George D. (7102270013) ;Tilahun, Binyam (57212075730) ;To, Quyen G. (55827789100) ;Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan (57209276611) ;Tonelli, Marcello (7103102534) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Torre, Anna E. (57196074351) ;Tortajada-Girbes, Miguel (16242320900) ;Touvier, Mathilde (8877033300) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Tripathi, Suryakant (57225821627) ;Troeger, Christopher E. (57195223624) ;Truelsen, Thomas Clement (57202824565) ;Truong, Nu Thi (57204178907) ;Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel (57204562442) ;Tsoi, Derrick (57196074984) ;Tudor Car, Lorainne (48561867100) ;Murat Tuzcu, E. (7005951350) ;Tyrovolas, Stefanos (57207793475) ;Ukwaja, Kingsley N. (57202824584) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Undurraga, Eduardo A. (57204092789) ;Updike, Rachel L. (57204698680) ;Usman, Muhammad Shariq (57203046075) ;Uthman, Olalekan A. (23026328100) ;Uzun, Selen Begum (57200327315) ;Vaduganathan, Muthiah (16417973600) ;Vaezi, Afsane (55698015300) ;Vaidya, Gaurang (55551507300) ;Valdez, Pascual R. (57202115577) ;Varavikova, Elena (7801408611) ;Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (23096834700) ;Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy (56804702100) ;Villafaina, Santos (57195804127) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch (57195959162) ;Vlassov, Vasily (57211633239) ;Vollset, Stein Emil (57196315778) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Wagner, Gregory R. (57219005948) ;Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw (57200917385) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wallin, Mitchell Taylor (57201573668) ;Walson, Judd L. (57203254111) ;Wang, Yanping (57215440165) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Wassie, Molla Mesele (56499356400) ;Weiderpass, Elisabete (57205018947) ;Weintraub, Robert G. (7006079405) ;Weldegebreal, Fitsum (56112812300) ;Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey (57203308107) ;Werdecker, Andrea (57208964895) ;Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew (57195675398) ;West, T. Eoin (57756844000) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Whiteford, Harvey A. (55906494000)Widecka, Justyna (15047205800)GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1736–88—The bottom row in figure 7 was cut off. This correction has been made to the online version as of Nov 9, 2018, and has been made to the printed Article. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1923–1994), (S0140673618322256), (10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6))(2019) ;Stanaway, Jeffrey D. (57201210928) ;Afshin, Ashkan (57217465455) ;Gakidou, Emmanuela (57202567277) ;Lim, Stephen S. (7404081544) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abate, Kalkidan Hassen (57207943858) ;Abbafati, Cristiana (54917122400) ;Abbasi, Nooshin (57212442022) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdela, Jemal (57200613000) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Molla (57211131124) ;Abebe, Zegeye (57193002719) ;Abera, Semaw F. (57205180598) ;Abil, Olifan Zewdie (57204558002) ;Abraha, Haftom Niguse (57195289877) ;Abrham, Aklilu Roba (57202704637) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E. (57216675148) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Acharya, Pawan (56435749900) ;Adamu, Abdu A. (57202024381) ;Adane, Akilew Awoke (56993205300) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Ademi, Zanfina (32867460300) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adib, Mina G. (57204560513) ;Admasie, Amha (56609274200) ;Adsuar, Jose C. (21738958900) ;Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko (57189844785) ;Afarideh, Mohsen (56227034300) ;Agarwal, Gina (57220151944) ;Aggarwal, Anju (36665699700) ;Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi (57202646096) ;Agrawal, Anurag (59030333500) ;Agrawal, Sutapa (57202841733) ;Ahmadi, Alireza (56336080700) ;Ahmadi, Mehdi (16644923000) ;Ahmadieh, Hamid (57203677679) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Aichour, Amani Nidhal (57195486768) ;Aichour, Ibtihel (57195485980) ;Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine (57195488258) ;Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil (56666938200) ;Akinyemiju, Tomi (57202561503) ;Akseer, Nadia (57207801968) ;Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500) ;Al-Eyadhy, Ayman (24554080400) ;Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. (8625547100) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Alam, Khurshid (57203681299) ;Alam, Samiah (57208071722) ;Alam, Tahiya (57205589820) ;Alashi, Alaa (57190305608) ;Alavian, Seyed Moayed (55103199900) ;Alene, Kefyalew Addis (57202583764) ;Ali, Komal (57201650740) ;Ali, Syed Mustafa (57188688612) ;Alijanzadeh, Mehran (56236864700) ;Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza (36024974700) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Alkerwi, Ala’a (57197724313) ;Alla, François (6701580827) ;Alsharif, Ubai (57211633255) ;Altirkawi, Khalid (57202762923) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Amare, Azmeraw T. (57202220009) ;Ammar, Walid (57208159281) ;Anber, Nahla Hamed (57202351369) ;Anderson, Jason A. (57204563525) ;Andrei, Catalina Liliana (36543507200) ;Androudi, Sofia (6603286512) ;Animut, Megbaru Debalkie (57204558749) ;Anjomshoa, Mina (57204563282) ;Ansha, Mustafa Geleto (57195329453) ;Antó, Josep M. (56196020900) ;Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. (55247644500) ;Anwari, Palwasha (57217465526) ;Appiah, Lambert Tetteh (26643827800) ;Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw (57204569403) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Ärnlöv, Johan (6602512227) ;Artaman, Al (57217223811) ;Aryal, Krishna K. (57203859052) ;Asayesh, Hamid (55334322800) ;Ataro, Zerihun (57204563849) ;Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907) ;Avokpaho, Euripide F.G.A. (57209842037) ;Awasthi, Ashish (58420926700) ;Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina (55598298700) ;Ayer, Rakesh (56051098100) ;Ayuk, Tambe B. (57203307639) ;Azzopardi, Peter S. (56861081000) ;Babazadeh, Arefeh (57200079032) ;Badali, Hamid (15123728900) ;Badawi, Alaa (57216776029) ;Balakrishnan, Kalpana (7103222725) ;Bali, Ayele Geleto (57204564615) ;Ball, Kylie (7101771723) ;Ballew, Shoshana H. (34067516900) ;Banach, Maciej (22936699500) ;Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar (57204568975) ;Barac, Aleksandra (55550748700) ;Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn (57193065514) ;Bärnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900) ;Barrero, Lope H. (57208560675) ;Basu, Sanjay (9335409500) ;Baune, Bernhard T. (6603807336) ;Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad (57205912040) ;Bedi, Neeraj (57988442200) ;Beghi, Ettore (7004809655) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Behzadifar, Meysam (59429991000) ;Béjot, Yannick (14038743100) ;Bekele, Bayu Begashaw (57196083941) ;Bekru, Eyasu Tamru (57193329462) ;Belay, Ezra (56372891800) ;Belay, Yihalem Abebe (57202972558) ;Bell, Michelle L. (7401466450) ;Bello, Aminu K. (12759638700) ;Bennett, Derrick A. (57650836400) ;Bensenor, Isabela M. (7004830338) ;Bergeron, Gilles (7005133555) ;Berhane, Adugnaw (57200410735) ;Bernabe, Eduardo (57194696150) ;Bernstein, Robert S. (56971681200) ;Beuran, Mircea (25229806700) ;Beyranvand, Tina (57203000763) ;Bhala, Neeraj (15759186000) ;Bhalla, Ashish (57202555305) ;Bhattarai, Suraj (55646532200) ;Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. (24342648300) ;Biadgo, Belete (55672090500) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Bikbov, Boris (57219957158) ;Bilano, Ver (57189663783) ;Bililign, Nigus (57216264444) ;Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat (55408904500) ;Bisanzio, Donal (57196394991) ;Biswas, Tuhin (59824959000) ;Bjørge, Tone (7004208100) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Bleyer, Archie (57192109538) ;Borschmann, Rohan (35091024300) ;Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R. (57193524147) ;Boufous, Soufiane (6507794444) ;Bourne, Rupert (7103377631) ;Brady, Oliver J. (57218716651) ;Brauer, Michael (57218330976) ;Brazinova, Alexandra (57216996405) ;Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. (6603260895) ;Brenner, Hermann (7201832825) ;Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich (57202792237) ;Britton, Gabrielle (7004997832) ;Brugha, Traolach (35370057100) ;Buchbinder, Rachelle (7004966093) ;Burnett, Richard T. (26643599300) ;Busse, Reinhard (35589070800) ;Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739) ;Cahill, Leah E. (35087909400) ;Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero (57207890731) ;Campos-Nonato, Ismael R. (57203424784) ;Cárdenas, Rosario (57216482927) ;Carreras, Giulia (57221176357) ;Carrero, Juan J. (16834646800) ;Carvalho, Félix (7103070417) ;Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700) ;Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline (57197814657) ;Castro, Franz (57204567353) ;Catalá-López, Ferrán (57202553733) ;Causey, Kate (57204560479) ;Cercy, Kelly M. (57208777587) ;Cerin, Ester (14522064200) ;Chaiah, Yazan (57204565480) ;Chang, Hsing-Yi (7407523087) ;Chang, Jung-Chen (57202568248) ;Chang, Kai-Lan (56937465900) ;Charlson, Fiona J. (57191632086) ;Chattopadhyay, Aparajita (14827821600) ;Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500) ;Chee, Miao Li (57195338207) ;Cheng, Ching-Yu (55539712500) ;Chew, Adrienne (57209171085) ;Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia (59846886500) ;Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel (57217262222) ;Chin, Ken Lee (57216745370) ;Chitheer, Abdulaal (57209314488) ;Choi, Jee-Young J. (57209706428) ;Chowdhury, Rajiv (57216138475) ;Christensen, Hanne (57202099623) ;Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533) ;Chung, Sheng-Chia (56008137900) ;Cicuttini, Flavia M. (7005887430) ;Cirillo, Massimo (35247478400) ;Cohen, Aaron J. (7404780942) ;Collado-Mateo, Daniel (56820108800) ;Cooper, Cyrus (36041345700) ;Cooper, Owen R. (6603872903) ;Coresh, Josef (7005367498) ;Cornaby, Leslie (57191837051) ;Cortesi, Paolo Angelo (57200306512) ;Cortinovis, Monica (57207893885) ;Costa, Megan (55453279900) ;Cousin, Ewerton (57194620705) ;Criqui, Michael H. (57212369327) ;Cromwell, Elizabeth A. (15727546000) ;Cundiff, David K. (57196028111) ;Daba, Alemneh Kabeta (57203300408) ;Dachew, Berihun Assefa (56289825700) ;Dadi, Abel Fekadu (57031690900) ;Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura (6602880109) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Darby, Sarah C. (24550144100) ;Dargan, Paul I. (57212154356) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Das Gupta, Rajat (57215122060) ;Das Neves, José (57208073193) ;Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye (57204268402) ;Dash, Aditya Prasad (57205497428) ;Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil (57202555163) ;Davletov, Kairat (6602803024) ;De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa (55326484300) ;De La Hoz, Fernando Pio (23134262800) ;De Leo, Diego (7006128644) ;De Neve, Jan-Walter (57039962400) ;Degenhardt, Louisa (7004040033) ;Deiparine, Selina (57205252200) ;Dellavalle, Robert P. (7003806771) ;Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam (57202214514) ;Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar (25228198700) ;Deribe, Kebede (57193912587) ;Dervenis, Nikolaos (35368148900) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Des Jarlais, Don C. (56990451200) ;Dessie, Getenet Ayalew (57202055866) ;Deveber, Gabrielle Aline (57204345472) ;Dey, Subhojit (25958052600) ;Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda (57216324802) ;Dhimal, Meghnath (54941157300) ;Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese (57201669580) ;Ding, Eric L. (54413849800) ;Diro, Helen Derara (57204564180) ;Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000) ;Do, Huyen Phuc (57200737094) ;Dokova, Klara (57201523771) ;Doku, David Teye (36015210300) ;Doyle, Kerrie E. (55693710800) ;Driscoll, Tim R. (7005928308) ;Dubey, Manisha (57219898654) ;Dubljanin, Eleonora (55957442600) ;Duken, Eyasu Ejeta (57204560558) ;Duncan, Bruce B. (35476478500) ;Duraes, Andre R. (30867558600) ;Ebert, Natalie (20333943200) ;Ebrahimi, Hedyeh (57195329214) ;Ebrahimpour, Soheil (57204558416) ;Edvardsson, David (35229255500) ;Effiong, Andem (57213158150) ;Eggen, Anne Elise (7007019553) ;El Bcheraoui, Charbel (25027689700) ;El-Khatib, Ziad (54908919000) ;Elyazar, Iqbal Rf (6506894785) ;Enayati, Ahmadali (6507139052) ;Endries, Aman Yesuf (57216324852) ;Er, Benjamin (57204568328) ;Erskine, Holly E. (57202798676) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Esteghamati, Alireza (11240321100) ;Estep, Kara (57216550964) ;Fakhim, Hamed (56532027000) ;Faramarzi, Mahbobeh (8928307700) ;Fareed, Mohammad (24491815600) ;Farid, Talha A. (57226213785) ;Sá Farinha, Carla Sofia E. (57220193694) ;Farioli, Andrea (57207608705) ;Faro, Andre (36770969600) ;Farvid, Maryam S. (57216534761) ;Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein (36458335600) ;Fatima, Batool (55510228900) ;Fay, Kairsten A. (57217858217) ;Fazaeli, Ali Akbar (57204568731) ;Feigin, Valery L. (57203677957) ;Feigl, Andrea B. (57202461042) ;Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad (57202557520) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Fernandes, Joao C. (35274726800) ;Ferrara, Giannina (57204568707) ;Ferrari, Alize J. (57195348907) ;Ferreira, Manuela L. (35721627100) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Finger, Jonas David (55520957700) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Foigt, Nataliya A. (57216998893) ;Foreman, Kyle J. (57209064414) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Fullman, Nancy (57211064970) ;Fürst, Thomas (57208431345) ;Furtado, João M. (36801755000) ;Futran, Neal D. (35554564000) ;Gall, Seana (7005385955) ;Gallus, Silvano (7005387365) ;Gamkrelidze, Amiran (6506029209) ;Ganji, Morsaleh (57211874807) ;Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L. (57200187168) ;Gardner, William M. (57204566870) ;Gebre, Abadi Kahsu (59426751000) ;Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay (57202566187) ;Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo (57204566728) ;Gelano, Tilayie Feto (57200628899) ;Geleijnse, Johanna M. (35195702500) ;Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea (57204563310) ;Gething, Peter W. (57193559189) ;Gezae, Kebede Embaye (57204561611) ;Ghadimi, Reza (57202290802) ;Ghadiri, Keyghobad (55409170000) ;Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil (15724975400) ;Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam (55371171100) ;Ghimire, Mamata (57190385188) ;Ghosh, Rakesh (36448139200) ;Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal (7007024941) ;Giampaoli, Simona (55168056600) ;Gill, Paramjit Singh (7202766660) ;Gill, Tiffany K. (8545441900) ;Gillum, Richard F. (7103181331) ;Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed (57192378390) ;Giussani, Giorgia (57200843076) ;Gnedovskaya, Elena V. (56806916500) ;Godwin, William W. (57191841675) ;Goli, Srinivas (39761832500) ;Gómez-Dantés, Hector (57202555692) ;Gona, Philimon N. (57219703762) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Goulart, Alessandra C. (57201181348) ;Grada, Ayman (55797741000) ;Grams, Morgan E. (55882203700) ;Grosso, Giuseppe (57196998256) ;Gugnani, Harish Chander (7005567008) ;Guo, Yuming (55712472800) ;Gupta, Rahul (57204120071) ;Gupta, Rajeev (55705295300) ;Gupta, Tanush (57219956402) ;Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma (57200298415) ;Gutiérrez-Torres, Daniela S. (56367989200) ;Haagsma, Juanita A. (57202571125) ;Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie (57079013900) ;Hachinski, Vladimir (7101953309) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Hagos, Tekleberhan B. (57204236893) ;Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa (57202206322) ;Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa (57219637263) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arya (57226201352) ;Hamadeh, Randah R. (57202769526) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Handal, Alexis J. (57208977398) ;Hankey, Graeme J. (7102816661) ;Hao, Yuantao (57202554333) ;Harb, Hilda L. (57221443122) ;Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai (57202524069) ;Haro, Josep Maria (57215877903) ;Hassankhani, Hadi (26436359700) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Havmoeller, Rasmus (57212075728) ;Hawley, Caitlin N. (57196078801) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar (35867288600) ;Heibati, Behzad (55341086000) ;Heidari, Behnam (6603217356) ;Heidari, Mohsen (56814474300) ;Hendrie, Delia (6602071966) ;Henok, Andualem (57196451824) ;Heredia-Pi, Ileana (36941085200) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Heydarpour, Fatemeh (57192381690) ;Heydarpour, Sousan (53871251300) ;Hibstu, Desalegn T. (57200538678) ;Higazi, Tarig B. (6603143567) ;Hilawe, Esayas Haregot (55842959800) ;Hoek, Hans W. (57202570421) ;Hoffman, Howard J. (7201677665) ;Hole, Michael K. (57159282400) ;Homaie Rad, Enayatollah (57196329821) ;Hoogar, Praveen (57204240256) ;Hosgood, H. Dean (56353204400) ;Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa (59438018800) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Hostiuc, Mihaela (51763789200) ;Hostiuc, Sorin (24829099800) ;Hoy, Damian G. (57216593652) ;Hsairi, Mohamed (57209033943) ;Hsiao, Thomas (57204559888) ;Hu, Guoqing (57218106596) ;Hu, Howard (55740738900) ;Huang, John J. (56135699200) ;Hussen, Mamusha Aman (57221268448) ;Huynh, Chantal K. (57202556112) ;Iburg, Kim Moesgaard (57216814160) ;Ikeda, Nayu (57203693946) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Iqbal, Usman (55572166900) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter (57203666733) ;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100) ;Islami, Farhad (56926442900) ;Jackson, Maria D. (55456026100) ;Jacobsen, Kathryn H. (26029163100) ;Jahangiry, Leila (56281924800) ;Jahanmehr, Nader (57203122718) ;Jain, Sudhir Kumar (55461277300) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (14318929700) ;James, Spencer L. (57202557998) ;Jassal, Simerjot K. (57190118903) ;Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra (57204797176) ;Jeemon, Panniyammakal (57216324831) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jha, Vivekanand (7005119423) ;Ji, John S. (58562329500) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Jonnagaddala, Jitendra (55647947900) ;Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra (57200135800) ;Joshi, Ankur (7402453097) ;Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy (21833993700) ;Jürisson, Mikk (55547524800) ;Kabir, Zubair (57207901718) ;Kahsay, Amaha (57216608121) ;Kalani, Rizwan (13006237100) ;Kanchan, Tanuj (35237157900) ;Kant, Surya (59567335600) ;Kar, Chittaranjan (57196150047) ;Karami, Manoochehr (26655761400) ;Karami Matin, Behzad (56943457000) ;Karch, André (57223444197) ;Karema, Corine (57202557522) ;Karimi, Narges (57188831519) ;Karimi, Seyed M. (57220096578) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kassa, Dessalegn H. (57203308233) ;Kassa, Getachew Mullu (56229895500) ;Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale (58686045600) ;Kassebaum, Nicholas J. (57202562224) ;Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal (6508254091) ;Kaul, Anil (16156995700) ;Kawakami, Norito (35377339000) ;Kazemi, Zhila (57193419725) ;Kazemi Karyani, Ali (56664511600) ;Kefale, Adane Teshome (57194507694) ;Keiyoro, Peter Njenga (57203177260) ;Kemp, Grant Rodgers (57203301895) ;Kengne, Andre Pascal (7801322838) ;Keren, Andre (7005620132) ;Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair (57218000521) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khafaei, Behzad (55608664400) ;Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif (55608324700) ;Khajavi, Alireza (59211059000) ;Khalid, Nauman (57204561542) ;Khalil, Ibrahim A. (58255049500) ;Khan, Gulfaraz (6701635515) ;Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb (55808731000) ;Khan, Muhammad Ali (7410318229) ;Khang, Young-Ho (57198904674) ;Khater, Mona M. (57203308114) ;Khazaei, Mohammad (57204562878) ;Khazaie, Habibolah (24279942000) ;Khoja, Abdullah T. (57194229795) ;Khosravi, Ardeshir (57219477312) ;Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein (56524167000) ;Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A. (57199100665) ;Kiirithio, Daniel N. (57203306067) ;Kim, Cho-Il (57199973023) ;Kim, Daniel (57223019104) ;Kim, Young-Eun (59475314200) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kimokoti, Ruth W. (8647554600) ;Kinfu, Yohannes (12770281900) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna (6508376962) ;Kivimäki, Mika (7004391239) ;Knibbs, Luke D. (16313525200) ;Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo (57192966362) ;Kochhar, Sonali (57214107714) ;Kokubo, Yoshihiro (56155004000) ;Kolola, Tufa (57191620788) ;Kopec, Jacek A. (7006284395) ;Kosen, Soewarta (57211346192) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kravchenko, Michael A. (57202569007) ;Krishan, Kewal (57202279708) ;Krohn, Kristopher J. (57194138806) ;Kromhout, Hans (57215380354) ;Kuate Defo, Barthelemy (6602271655) ;Kucuk Bicer, Burcu (57204528360) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kumar, Manasi (21739940700) ;Kuzin, Igor (7003625390) ;Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe (57217040073) ;Lachat, Carl (12344521500) ;Lad, Deepesh P. (58072597300) ;Lad, Sheetal D. (57204569391) ;Lafranconi, Alessandra (55767061200) ;Lalloo, Ratilal (57189334553) ;Lallukka, Tea (6508300634) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Lang, Justin J. (57189384487) ;Lansingh, Van C. (57209471470) ;Larson, Samantha Leigh (57204569813) ;Latifi, Arman (57203006419) ;Lazarus, Jeffrey V. (55431519100) ;Lee, Paul H. (57200302692) ;Leigh, James (7202089604) ;Leili, Mostafa (57204565987) ;Leshargie, Cheru Tesema (57195295462) ;Leung, Janni (57214397752) ;Levi, Miriam (54893035000) ;Lewycka, Sonia (57212496031) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Li, Yichong (57218426673) ;Liang, Juan (57198351058) ;Liang, Xiaofeng (26662590300) ;Liao, Yu (56746945000) ;Liben, Misgan Legesse (57188568119) ;Lim, Lee-Ling (56988527400) ;Linn, Shai (7102590173) ;Liu, Shiwei (57209574351) ;Lodha, Rakesh (7007019609) ;Logroscino, Giancarlo (7004888005) ;Lopez, Alan D. (7401455668) ;Lorkowski, Stefan (57203677656) ;Lotufo, Paulo A. (7003331101) ;Lozano, Rafael (7102198442) ;Lucas, Tim C.D. (57216683591) ;Lunevicius, Raimundas (57216165063) ;Ma, Stefan (7403723389) ;Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King (56330601800) ;Machado, Ísis Eloah (56048981000) ;Madotto, Fabiana (16029150500) ;Mai, Hue Thi (57193029106) ;Majdan, Marek (36147855100) ;Majdzadeh, Reza (9246620000) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760) ;Malta, Deborah Carvalho (15835283500) ;Mamun, Abdullah A. (55666602500) ;Manda, Ana-Laura (57204567674) ;Manguerra, Helena (57208121153) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni (7006357517) ;Maravilla, Joemer C. (57008289000) ;Marcenes, Wagner (7005668102) ;Marks, Ashley (57204558704) ;Martin, Randall V. (7501381728) ;Martins, Sheila C.O. (36084814200) ;Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio (57204796807) ;März, Winfried (57220877383) ;Marzan, Melvin B. (57200737144) ;Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard (55859007400) ;Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300) ;Mathur, Prashant (7201845777) ;Matsushita, Kunihiro (57202091432) ;Maulik, Pallab K. (7005919685) ;Mazidi, Mohsen (57200232563) ;McAlinden, Colm (35325278500) ;McGrath, John J. (57202560550) ;McKee, Martin (7202304775) ;Mehrotra, Ravi (7203045563) ;Mehta, Kala M. (7201939418) ;Mehta, Varshil (57158753300) ;Meier, Toni (36678887300) ;Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew (57190314086) ;Melaku, Yohannes A. (57203122720) ;Melese, Addisu (56901393600) ;Melku, Mulugeta (56032188500) ;Memiah, Peter T.N. (57217207827) ;Memish, Ziad A. (7005059350) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese (57194776802) ;Mensah, George A. (57196028147) ;Mensink, Gert B.M. (7003776519) ;Mereta, Seid Tiku (57203628211) ;Meretoja, Atte (12775885500) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57219008708) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane (57222113213) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Miazgowski, Tomasz (6701404689) ;Millear, Anoushka I. (57204879537) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine (56387657900) ;Mini, G.K. (12800865800) ;Mirarefin, Mojde (57222113397) ;Mirica, Andreea (57188983765) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57216202888) ;Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen (57202808713) ;Mitiku, Habtamu (49864023500) ;Moazen, Babak (57204324006) ;Mohajer, Bahram (57039225300) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammadi, Moslem (56274033300) ;Mohammadifard, Noushin (23110866700) ;Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa (57203524570) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mohebi, Farnam (55633844600) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Molokhia, Mariam (7004121920) ;Momeniha, Fatemeh (49964205100) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moodley, Yoshan (57210652387) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar (35617421300) ;Moradinazar, Mehdi (59750499200) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Morawska, Lidia (7004773965) ;Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana (57204560697) ;Morrison, Shane Douglas (45661573100) ;Moschos, Marilita M. (7004456074) ;Mouodi, Simin (55372646500) ;Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam (56165159700) ;Mozaffarian, Dariush (56751007100) ;Mruts, Kalayu Brhane (57221822877) ;Muche, Achenef Asmamaw (57195576373) ;Muchie, Kindie Fentahun (57194458469) ;Mueller, Ulrich Otto (8512347500) ;Muhammed, Oumer Sada (57202727745) ;Mukhopadhyay, Satinath (36342847700) ;Muller, Kate (57196075658) ;Musa, Kamarul Imran (57194536466) ;Mustafa, Ghulam (57190395960) ;Nabhan, Ashraf F. (55880870200) ;Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323) ;Naheed, Aliya (57202560989) ;Nahvijou, Azin (18837247000) ;Naik, Gurudatta (56020694000) ;Naik, Nitish (7006558334) ;Najafi, Farid (21743304900) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Nansseu, Jobert Richie (55548984700) ;Nascimento, Bruno Ramos (14424406800) ;Neal, Bruce (57218390053) ;Neamati, Nahid (57204566952) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Negoi, Ruxandra Irina (55566106200) ;Neupane, Subas (57215632313) ;Newton, Charles Richard James (35465836500) ;Ngunjiri, Josephine W. (57195296110) ;Nguyen, Anh Quynh (57204557413) ;Nguyen, Grant (57191591002) ;Nguyen, Ha Thu (57468278900) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Nguyen, Huong Thanh (37093238600) ;Nguyen, Minh (58203329200) ;Nguyen, Nam Ba (57204561572) ;Nichols, Emma (57205756163) ;Nie, Jing (57191615022) ;Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini (57195329470) ;Nirayo, Yirga Legesse (57201651103) ;Nishi, Nobuo (7103131706) ;Nixon, Molly R. (57204562047) ;Nojomi, Marzieh (22941666400) ;Nomura, Shuhei (55632290700) ;Norheim, Ole F. (7004082597) ;Noroozi, Mehdi (57035125300) ;Norrving, Bo (12792377500) ;Noubiap, Jean Jacques (55490374000) ;Nouri, Hamid Reza (57202484612) ;Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe (56960536000) ;Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza (8866311900) ;Nsoesie, Elaine O. (57211006304) ;Nyasulu, Peter S. (36700333500) ;Obermeyer, Carla M. (57209300189) ;Odell, Christopher M. (57204283884) ;Ofori-Asenso, Richard (57209300265) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57217186813) ;Oh, In-Hwan (57204090669) ;Oladimeji, Olanrewaju (57216495380) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olagunju, Tinuke O. (57203076824) ;Olivares, Pedro R. (7003510190) ;Olsen, Helen Elizabeth (57203080494) ;Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola (57218504682) ;Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun (57222488860) ;Ong, Kanyin L. (57210793447) ;Ong, Sok King (36614524300) ;Oren, Eyal (36815569400) ;Orpana, Heather M. (6507559930) ;Ortiz, Alberto (7201911399) ;Ota, Erika (57202554474) ;Otstavnov, Stanislav S. (57204561394) ;Øverland, Simon (23028540300) ;Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo (57222581892) ;Mahesh, P.A. (57202421244) ;Pacella, Rosana (57194839077) ;Pakhare, Abhijit P. (54383993100) ;Pakpour, Amir H. (56181056500) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra (6603112353) ;Park, Eun-Kee (57216814178) ;Parry, Charles D.H. (7102561312) ;Parsian, Hadi (55991107900) ;Patel, Shanti (57072227700) ;Pati, Sanghamitra (55441302100) ;Patil, Snehal T. (57212263349) ;Patle, Ajay (57203309187) ;Patton, George C. (7102184358) ;Paudel, Deepak (57207871851) ;Paulson, Katherine R. (57203437789) ;Paz Ballesteros, Wayra Citlali (57194434337) ;Pearce, Neil (56491440700) ;Pereira, Alexandre (7402230187) ;Pereira, David M. (57200690024) ;Perico, Norberto (56481931200) ;Pesudovs, Konrad (7004576721) ;Petzold, Max (7003628893) ;Pham, Hai Quang (57217078995) ;Phillips, Michael R. (57206972395) ;Pillay, Julian David (57197803061) ;Piradov, Michael A. (7003731802) ;Pirsaheb, Meghdad (25645282200) ;Pischon, Tobias (6603736500) ;Pishgar, Farhad (56676403900) ;Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer (41662092800) ;Plass, Dietrich (57217142114) ;Polinder, Suzanne (12766122200) ;Polkinghorne, Kevan R. (6601997825) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Poulton, Richie (7006256743) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Poustchi, Hossein (8622806500) ;Prabhakaran, Dorairaj (7004283783) ;Prakash, Swayam (57212263375) ;Prasad, Narayan (23028765700) ;Purcell, Caroline A. (56203575500) ;Purwar, Manorama B. (6602127625) ;Qorbani, Mostafa (24831040300) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rafay, Anwar (57212263323) ;Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimi, Zohreh (57217262194) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin (8696686900) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa (6507646446) ;Rahman, Mahfuzar (35571661300) ;Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur (57208867497) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rai, Rajesh Kumar (51864423900) ;Rajati, Fatemeh (54780507400) ;Rajsic, Sasa (57196448260) ;Raju, Sree Bhushan (8983666100) ;Ram, Usha (26653819000) ;Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal (56719695500) ;Ranjan, Prabhat (57200595370) ;Rath, Goura Kishor (35444818200) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Reddy, K. Srinath (35417788900) ;Rehm, Colin D. (23478097800) ;Rehm, Jürgen (7102718648) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Reitsma, Marissa B. (57208766315) ;Remuzzi, Giuseppe (56466188600) ;Renzaho, Andre M.N. (6505786588) ;Resnikoff, Serge (7006012071) ;Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam (12142340100) ;Rezaei, Satar (55791003000) ;Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P. (7201676223) ;Rivera, Juan A. (7202308740) ;Roba, Kedir Teji (57203667432) ;Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia (25229455200) ;Roever, Leonardo (56641632800) ;Román, Yesenia (57191841842) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Rostami, Ali (7005439033) ;Roth, Gregory A. (55074747400) ;Rothenbacher, Dietrich (7004765162) ;Roy, Ambuj (7402704658) ;Rubagotti, Enrico (57208389589) ;Rushton, Lesley (57202561819) ;Sabanayagam, Charumathi (22136294700) ;Sachdev, Perminder S. (7102284091) ;Saddik, Basema (23020079300) ;Sadeghi, Ehsan (37010381500) ;Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar (56071020000) ;Safari, Hosein (57204236925) ;Safari, Yahya (55700424100) ;Safari-Faramani, Roya (57210821203) ;Safdarian, Mahdi (57203849024) ;Safi, Sare (57219477293) ;Safiri, Saeid (56009654100) ;Sagar, Rajesh (26643103100) ;Sahebkar, Amirhossein (26639699900) ;Sahraian, Mohammad Ali (55886074600) ;Sajadi, Haniye Sadat (57190919153) ;Salam, Nasir (23992664500) ;Salamati, Payman (14045860600) ;Saleem, Zikria (56179814800) ;Salimi, Yahya (54421017000) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Salomon, Joshua A. (56745638600) ;Salvi, Devashri Digvijay (57193866418) ;Salz, Inbal (57199623777) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores (57202569015) ;Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G. (57042673800) ;Sanders, Taren (55369008700) ;Sang, Yingying (55192664300) ;Santomauro, Damian Francesco (56912450700) ;Santos, Itamar S. (57198312911) ;Santos, João Vasco (57226214352) ;Santric Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi (57204561719) ;Sardana, Mayank (56992882500) ;Sarker, Abdur Razzaque (55908816200) ;Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo (57204744430) ;Sarrafzadegan, Nizal (6701751316) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Sarvi, Shahabeddin (56168398100) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691) ;Sawant, Arundhati R. (57204568004) ;Sawhney, Monika (57217153893) ;Saylan, Mete (57217153417) ;Sayyah, Mehdi (10540414200) ;Schaeffner, Elke (6507021741) ;Schmidt, Maria Inês (7404398885) ;Schneider, Ione J.C. (57201292772) ;Schöttker, Ben (37665918200) ;Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth (57216814352) ;Schwebel, David C. (6603681532) ;Schwendicke, Falk (55639536600) ;Scott, James G. (57218307442) ;Seedat, Soraya (7003445887) ;Sekerija, Mario (30268005400) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Serre, Marc L. (7003717099) ;Serván-Mori, Edson (57202594826) ;Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba (57204698893) ;Shabaninejad, Hosein (56047947500) ;Shaddick, Gavin (57216802010) ;Shafieesabet, Azadeh (56964338900) ;Shahbazi, Mehdi (58427375600) ;Shaheen, Amira A. (57202560956) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shamah Levy, Teresa (57215134479) ;Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran (57193608415) ;Shamsi, Mohammadbagher (57204557980) ;Sharafi, Heidar (58400889500) ;Sharafi, Kiomars (57194516056) ;Sharif, Mehdi (16022734200) ;Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi (35108018000) ;Sharifi, Hamid (16643763200) ;Sharma, Jayendra (57195329457) ;Sharma, Meenakshi (58730797800) ;Sharma, Rajesh (58228412600) ;She, Jun (57209122131) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Shi, Peilin (57203064901) ;Shibuya, Kenji (8948057900) ;Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay (57205232012) ;Shigematsu, Mika (23968093000) ;Shin, Min-Jeong (7401536640) ;Shiri, Rahman (57200737050) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Shiue, Ivy (35811219800) ;Shokraneh, Farhad (36146063000) ;Shoman, Haitham (57208324664) ;Shrime, Mark G. (57204703404) ;Shupler, Matthew S. (57191750323) ;Si, Si (56706979500) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Sibai, Abla Mehio (7005466998) ;Siddiqi, Tariq J. (57193718539) ;Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora (57214359118) ;Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig (56006396200) ;Silva, Diego Augusto Santos (36985158000) ;Silva, João Pedro (57204703526) ;Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves (57190284103) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Singh, Narinder Pal (57211864736) ;Singh, Virendra (57191848598) ;Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609) ;Skiadaresi, Eirini (37100428500) ;Skirbekk, Vegard (57202564482) ;Smith, David L. (55574206203) ;Smith, Mari (57195484737) ;Sobaih, Badr Hasan (57202564080) ;Sobhani, Soheila (57193095221) ;Somayaji, Ranjani (6507727557) ;Soofi, Moslem (56373891000) ;Sorensen, Reed J.D. (57196918748) ;Soriano, Joan B. (7101973935) ;Soyiri, Ireneous N. (15052406400) ;Spinelli, Angela (7102473362) ;Sposato, Luciano A. (25640261000) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. (57212263335) ;Srinivasan, Vinay (57196077031) ;Starodubov, Vladimir I. (6701820838) ;Steckling, Nadine (57199195462) ;Stein, Dan J. (55769747595) ;Stein, Murray B. (7402996817) ;Stevanovic, Goran (15059280200) ;Stockfelt, Leo (26022098300) ;Stokes, Mark A. (7102859000) ;Sturua, Lela (37662283900) ;Subart, Michelle L. (57194140438) ;Sudaryanto, Agus (57305372500) ;Sufiyan, Mu’awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Sulo, Gerhard (16242476100) ;Sunguya, Bruno F. (57209060557) ;Sur, Patrick John (57218360398) ;Sykes, Bryan L. (57218362022) ;Szoeke, Cassandra E.I. (6505920990) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tabuchi, Takahiro (55177892400) ;Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar (57207799926) ;Takahashi, Ken (55741242600) ;Tandon, Nikhil (7101833756) ;Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel (57204569108) ;Tavakkoli, Mohammad (57202524239) ;Taveira, Nuno (6602731390) ;Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash (57204006020) ;Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw (57204558037) ;Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey (57204566273) ;Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin (57204237146) ;Temesgen, Habtamu (57205011874) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Temsah, Omar (57204559820) ;Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman (57211144258) ;Tessema, Belay (20735503600) ;Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu (57193667629) ;Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (57202955435) ;Theis, Andrew (57196076787) ;Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish (54407369300) ;Thomas, Hannah J. (55925904000) ;Thomas, Matthew Lloyd (57191835351) ;Thomas, Nihal (7401830494) ;Thurston, George D. (7102270013) ;Tilahun, Binyam (57212075730) ;Tillmann, Taavi (57190211142) ;To, Quyen G. (55827789100) ;Tobollik, Myriam (56549045300) ;Tonelli, Marcello (7103102534) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Torre, Anna E. (57196074351) ;Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel (16242320900) ;Touvier, Mathilde (8877033300) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Towbin, Jeffrey A. (7102520568) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Truelsen, Thomas Clement (57202824565) ;Truong, Nu Thi (57204178907) ;Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel (57204562442) ;Tudor Car, Lorainne (48561867100) ;Tuzcu, E. Murat (7005951350) ;Tymeson, Hayley D. (57194139009) ;Tyrovolas, Stefanos (57207793475) ;Ukwaja, Kingsley N. (57202824584) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Updike, Rachel L. (57204698680) ;Usman, Muhammad Shariq (57203046075) ;Uthman, Olalekan A. (23026328100) ;Vaduganathan, Muthiah (16417973600) ;Vaezi, Afsane (55698015300) ;Valdez, Pascual R. (57202115577) ;Van Donkelaar, Aaron (15926418500) ;Varavikova, Elena (7801408611) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (23096834700) ;Venkateswaran, Vidhya (59829999400) ;Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy (56804702100) ;Villafaina, Santos (57195804127)Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890)Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3–35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14–1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6–62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3–50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39–11·5) deaths and 218 million (198–237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83–7·37] deaths and 182 million [173–193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23–8·23] deaths and 171 million [144–201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99–6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6–202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36–1·51] deaths and 139 million [131–147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3–6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2018) ;Roth, Gregory A. (55074747400) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abate, Kalkidan Hassen (57207943858) ;Abay, Solomon M. (35306466900) ;Abbafati, Cristiana (54917122400) ;Abbasi, Nooshin (57212442022) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdela, Jemal (57200613000) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Haftom Temesgen (55950002100) ;Abebe, Molla (57211131124) ;Abebe, Zegeye (57193002719) ;Abejie, Ayenew Negesse (57203015573) ;Abera, Semaw F. (57205180598) ;Abil, Olifan Zewdie (57204558002) ;Abraha, Haftom Niguse (57195289877) ;Abrham, Aklilu Roba (57202704637) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adamu, Abdu A. (57202024381) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adhena, Beyene Meressa (57209325570) ;Adib, Mina G. (57204560513) ;Admasie, Amha (56609274200) ;Afshin, Ashkan (57217465455) ;Agarwal, Gina (57220151944) ;Agesa, Kareha M. (57204562362) ;Agrawal, Anurag (35214460700) ;Agrawal, Sutapa (57202841733) ;Ahmadi, Alireza (57193998515) ;Ahmadi, Mehdi (16644923000) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Ahmed, Sayem (58601030100) ;Aichour, Amani Nidhal (57195486768) ;Aichour, Ibtihel (57195485980) ;Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine (57195488258) ;Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil (56666938200) ;Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola (25633566800) ;Akseer, Nadia (57207801968) ;Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500) ;Al-Eyadhy, Ayman (24554080400) ;Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. (57219673720) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Alam, Khurshid (57203681299) ;Alam, Tahiya (57205589820) ;Alebel, Animut (57195961302) ;Alene, Kefyalew Addis (57202583764) ;Alijanzadeh, Mehran (56236864700) ;Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza (36024974700) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Alkerwi, Ala'a (57197724313) ;Alla, Francois (6701580827) ;Allebeck, Peter (7005187575) ;Alonso, Jordi (7403482329) ;Altirkawi, Khalid (57202762923) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Amare, Azmeraw T. (57202220009) ;Aminde, Leopold N. (56287711300) ;Amini, Erfan (35073393800) ;Ammar, Walid (57208159281) ;Amoako, Yaw Ampem (44960986700) ;Anber, Nahla Hamed (57202351369) ;Andrei, Catalina Liliana (36543507200) ;Androudi, Sofia (6603286512) ;Animut, Megbaru Debalkie (57204558749) ;Anjomshoa, Mina (57204563282) ;Ansari, Hossein (56919376000) ;Ansha, Mustafa Geleto (57195329453) ;Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. (55247644500) ;Anwari, Palwasha (57217465526) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Arnlov, Johan (6602512227) ;Arora, Amit (36676951800) ;Arora, Monika (8700408200) ;Artaman, Al (57217223811) ;Aryal, Krishna K. (57203859052) ;Asayesh, Hamid (55334322800) ;Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay (57203306449) ;Ataro, Zerihun (57204563849) ;Atique, Suleman (56505419100) ;Atre, Sachin R. (22933845900) ;Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907) ;Avokpaho, Euripide F.G.A. (57209842037) ;Awasthi, Ashish (58420926700) ;Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina (55598298700) ;Ayele, Yohanes (57195129631) ;Ayer, Rakesh (56051098100) ;Azzopardi, Peter S. (56861081000) ;Babazadeh, Arefeh (57200079032) ;Bacha, Umar (57200173721) ;Badali, Hamid (15123728900) ;Badawi, Alaa (57216776029) ;Bali, Ayele Geleto (57204564615) ;Ballesteros, Katherine E. (57207968050) ;Banach, Maciej (22936699500) ;Banerjee, Kajori (57193448932) ;Bannick, Marlena S. (57206834518) ;Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar (57204568975) ;Barboza, Miguel A. (56650777100) ;Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn (57193065514) ;Barnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900) ;Barquera, Simon (6601928375) ;Barrero, Lope H. (57208560675) ;Bassat, Quique (23024176000) ;Basu, Sanjay (9335409500) ;Baune, Bernhard T. (6603807336) ;Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw (57192710748) ;Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad (57205912040) ;Bedi, Neeraj (57988442200) ;Beghi, Ettore (7004809655) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Behzadifar, Meysam (59429991000) ;Bejot, Yannick (14038743100) ;Bekele, Bayu Begashaw (57196083941) ;Belachew, Abate Bekele (57201657313) ;Belay, Ezra (56372891800) ;Belay, Yihalem Abebe (57202972558) ;Bell, Michelle L. (7401466450) ;Bello, Aminu K. (12759638700) ;Bennett, Derrick A. (57650836400) ;Bensenor, Isabela M. (7004830338) ;Berman, Adam E. (7201959854) ;Bernabe, Eduardo (57194696150) ;Bernstein, Robert S. (56971681200) ;Bertolacci, Gregory J. (57204558417) ;Beuran, Mircea (25229806700) ;Beyranvand, Tina (57203000763) ;Bhalla, Ashish (57202555305) ;Bhattarai, Suraj (55646532200) ;Bhaumik, Soumyadeeep (55643126300) ;Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. (24342648300) ;Biadgo, Belete (55672090500) ;Biehl, Molly H. (57196041812) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Bikbov, Boris (57219957158) ;Bilano, Ver (57189663783) ;Bililign, Nigus (57216264444) ;Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat (55408904500) ;Bisanzio, Donal (57196394991) ;Biswas, Tuhin (59824959000) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Basara, Berrak Bora (23089934500) ;Borschmann, Rohan (35091024300) ;Bosetti, Cristina (7005452936) ;Bozorgmehr, Kayvan (34767823500) ;Brady, Oliver J. (57218716651) ;Brant, Luisa C. (40160889400) ;Brayne, Carol (57210386759) ;Brazinova, Alexandra (57216996405) ;Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. (6603260895) ;Brenner, Hermann (7201832825) ;Briant, Paul Svitil (57196152334) ;Britton, Gabrielle (7004997832) ;Brugha, Traolach (35370057100) ;Busse, Reinhard (35589070800) ;Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739) ;Callender, Charlton S.K.H. (57195560691) ;Campos-Nonato, Ismael R. (57203424784) ;Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar (6505846919) ;Cano, Jorge (7201865982) ;Car, Mate (57113377700) ;Cardenas, Rosario (57216482927) ;Carreras, Giulia (57221176357) ;Carrero, Juan J. (16834646800) ;Carter, Austin (57201756395) ;Carvalho, Felix (7103070417) ;Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700) ;Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline (57197814657) ;Castle, Chris D. (57196079840) ;Castro, Clara (54787333700) ;Castro, Franz (57204567353) ;Catala-Lopez, Ferran (57202553733) ;Cerin, Ester (14522064200) ;Chaiah, Yazan (57204565480) ;Chang, Jung-Chen (57202568248) ;Charlson, Fiona J. (57191632086) ;Chaturvedi, Pankaj (35547314900) ;Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia (59846886500) ;Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel (57217262222) ;Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe (56761895800) ;Chitheer, Abdulaal (57209314488) ;Chowdhury, Rajiv (57216138475) ;Christensen, Hanne (57202099623) ;Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533) ;Chung, Sheng-Chia (56008137900) ;Cicuttini, Flavia M. (7005887430) ;Ciobanu, Liliana G. (57201603453) ;Cirillo, Massimo (35247478400) ;Cohen, Aaron J. (7404780942) ;Cooper, Leslie Trumbull (15754277900) ;Cortesi, Paolo Angelo (57200306512) ;Cortinovis, Monica (57207893885) ;Cousin, Ewerton (57194620705) ;Cowie, Benjamin C. (57202566182) ;Criqui, Michael H. (7005209601) ;Cromwell, Elizabeth A. (15727546000) ;Crowe, Christopher Stephen (55976347800) ;Crump, John A. (57202595111) ;Cunningham, Matthew (57204558787) ;Daba, Alemneh Kabeta (57203300408) ;Dadi, Abel Fekadu (57031690900) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Dang, Anh Kim (57195728465) ;Dargan, Paul I. (57212154356) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Das, Siddharth K. (55362129800) ;Gupta, Rajat Das (57215122060) ;Neves, Jose Das (57208073193) ;Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye (57204268402) ;Dash, Aditya Prasad (7102622168) ;Davis, Adrian C. (7404296836) ;Davis Weaver, Nicole (57203300193) ;Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil (57202555163) ;Davletov, Kairat (6602803024) ;De La Hoz, Fernando Pio (23134262800) ;De Neve, Jan-Walter (57039962400) ;Degefa, Meaza Girma (57204559873) ;Degenhardt, Louisa (7004040033) ;Degfie, Tizta T. (57194129130) ;Deiparine, Selina (57205252200) ;Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam (57202214514) ;Demtsu, Balem Betsu (57204566544) ;Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar (25228198700) ;Deribe, Kebede (57193912587) ;Dervenis, Nikolaos (35368148900) ;Des Jarlais, Don C. (56990451200) ;Dessie, Getenet Ayalew (57202055866) ;Dey, Subhojit (25958052600) ;Dharmaratne, Samath D. (57216324802) ;Dicker, Daniel (57196026676) ;Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese (57201669580) ;Ding, Eric L. (54413849800) ;Dirac, M. Ashworth (57193092988) ;Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000) ;Dokova, Klara (57201523771) ;Doku, David Teye (36015210300) ;Donnelly, Christl A. (35468127900) ;Dorsey, E. Ray (23102496300) ;Doshi, Pratik P. (57202595536) ;Douwes-Schultz, Dirk (57196081398) ;Doyle, Kerrie E. (55693710800) ;Driscoll, Tim R. (7005928308) ;Dubey, Manisha (57219898654) ;Dubljanin, Eleonora (55957442600) ;Duken, Eyasu Ejeta (57204560558) ;Duncan, Bruce B. (35476478500) ;Duraes, Andre R. (30867558600) ;Ebrahimi, Hedyeh (57195329214) ;Ebrahimpour, Soheil (57204558416) ;Edessa, Dumessa (56922334200) ;Edvardsson, David (35229255500) ;Eggen, Anne Elise (7007019553) ;El Bcheraoui, Charbel (25027689700) ;El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa (57203666922) ;El-Khatib, Ziad (54908919000) ;Elkout, Hajer (36102315300) ;Ellingsen, Christian Lycke (7801360950) ;Endres, Matthias (7005056946) ;Endries, Aman Yesuf (57216324852) ;Er, Benjamin (57204568328) ;Erskine, Holly E. (57202798676) ;Eshrati, Babak (16030619200) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Esmaeili, Reza (57193352042) ;Esteghamati, Alireza (11240321100) ;Fakhar, Mahdi (24168542800) ;Fakhim, Hamed (56532027000) ;Faramarzi, Mahbobeh (8928307700) ;Fareed, Mohammad (24491815600) ;Farhadi, Farzaneh (55869726400) ;Farinha, Carla Sofia Esá (57190279273) ;Faro, Andre (36770969600) ;Farvid, Maryam S. (57216534761) ;Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611) ;Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein (36458335600) ;Feigin, Valery L. (57203677957) ;Feigl, Andrea B. (57202461042) ;Fentahun, Netsanet (56394665400) ;Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad (57202557520) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Fernandes, Joao C. (35274726800) ;Ferrari, Alize J. (57195348907) ;Feyissa, Garumma Tolu (55504728900) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Finegold, Samuel (57195558156) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Foigt, Nataliya A. (57216998893) ;Foreman, Kyle J. (57209064414) ;Fornari, Carla (15022250200) ;Frank, Tahvi D. (57203197110) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Fuller, John E. (57204565664) ;Fullman, Nancy (57211064970) ;Furst, Thomas (57208431345) ;Furtado, Joao M. (36801755000) ;Futran, Neal D. (35554564000) ;Gallus, Silvano (7005387365) ;Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L. (57200187168) ;Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A. (55930749500) ;Gardner, William M. (57204566870) ;Gebre, Abadi Kahsu (59426751000) ;Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde (57216482917) ;Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay (57202566187) ;Gebremichael, Bereket (57191254167) ;Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo (57204566728) ;Gelano, Tilayie Feto (57200628899) ;Geleijnse, Johanna M. (35195702500) ;Genova-Maleras, Ricard (15070563900) ;Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea (57204563310) ;Gething, Peter W. (57193559189) ;Gezae, Kebede Embaye (57204561611) ;Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul (57204797800) ;Ghadimi, Reza (57202290802) ;Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil (15724975400) ;Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam (55371171100) ;Ghimire, Mamata (57190385188) ;Gibney, Katherine B. (57202564104) ;Gill, Paramjit Singh (7202766660) ;Gill, Tiffany K. (8545441900) ;Gillum, Richard F. (7103181331) ;Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed (57192378390) ;Giroud, Maurice (7203027541) ;Giussani, Giorgia (57200843076) ;Goenka, Shifalika (57217111080) ;Goldberg, Ellen M. (57191842703) ;Goli, Srinivas (39761832500) ;Gomez-Dantes, Hector (57202555692) ;Gona, Philimon N. (57219703762) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Gorman, Taren M. (57204559340) ;Goto, Atsushi (57193212299) ;Goulart, Alessandra C. (57201181348) ;Gnedovskaya, Elena V. (56806916500) ;Grada, Ayman (55797741000) ;Grosso, Giuseppe (57196998256) ;Gugnani, Harish Chander (7005567008) ;Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena (7102920800) ;Guo, Yuming (55712472800) ;Gupta, Prakash C. (58767181900) ;Gupta, Rahul (57204120071) ;Gupta, Rajeev (55705295300) ;Gupta, Tanush (57219956402) ;Gutierrez, Reyna Alma (57200298415) ;Gyawali, Bishal (56237046200) ;Haagsma, Juanita A. (57202571125) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Hagos, Tekleberhan B. (57204236893) ;Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa (57202206322) ;Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa (57219637263) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arya (57226201352) ;Hamadeh, Randah R. (57202769526) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Handal, Alexis J. (57208977398) ;Hankey, Graeme J. (7102816661) ;Harb, Hilda L. (57221443122) ;Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai (57202524069) ;Haro, Josep Maria (57215877903) ;Hasan, Mehedi (57908537100) ;Hassankhani, Hadi (26436359700) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Havmoeller, Rasmus (57212075728) ;Hay, Roderick J. (56785229200) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;He, Yihua (57204561423) ;Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar (35867288600) ;Hegazy, Mohamed I. (35110336200) ;Heibati, Behzad (55341086000) ;Heidari, Mohsen (56814474300) ;Hendrie, Delia (6602071966) ;Henok, Andualem (57196451824) ;Henry, Nathaniel J. (57196076616) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Heydarpour, Fatemeh (57192381690) ;Heydarpour, Pouria (57189359029) ;Heydarpour, Sousan (53871251300) ;Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw (57200538678) ;Hoek, Hans W. (57202570421) ;Hole, Michael K. (57159282400) ;Homaie Rad, Enayatollah (57196329821) ;Hoogar, Praveen (57204240256) ;Hosgood, H. Dean (56353204400) ;Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa (57204569481) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Hostiuc, Mihaela (51763789200) ;Hostiuc, Sorin (24829099800) ;Hotez, Peter J. (7004958298) ;Hoy, Damian G. (8553772600) ;Hsiao, Thomas (57204559888) ;Hu, Guoqing (57218106596) ;Huang, John J. (56135699200) ;Husseini, Abdullatif (6603689690) ;Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama (56125214500) ;Hutfless, Susan (35331919500) ;Idrisov, Bulat (57208773503) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Iqbal, Usman (55572166900) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter (57203666733) ;Islam, Nazrul (57217501333) ;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100) ;Islami, Farhad (56926442900) ;Jacobsen, Kathryn H. (26029163100) ;Jahangiry, Leila (56281924800) ;Jahanmehr, Nader (57203122718) ;Jain, Sudhir Kumar (55461277300) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (14318929700) ;Jalu, Moti Tolera (57200541197) ;James, Spencer L. (57202557998) ;Javanbakht, Mehdi (57204619886) ;Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra (57204797176) ;Jeemon, Panniyammakal (57216324831) ;Jenkins, Kathy J. (7103360798) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jha, Vivekanand (7005119423) ;Johnson, Catherine O. (57212301236) ;Johnson, Sarah C. (57207904886) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Joshi, Ankur (7402453097) ;Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy (21833993700) ;Jungari, Suresh Banayya (57188682037) ;Jurisson, Mikk (55547524800) ;Kabir, Zubair (57207901718) ;Kadel, Rajendra (57196080325) ;Kahsay, Amaha (57216608121) ;Kalani, Rizwan (13006237100) ;Karami, Manoochehr (26655761400) ;Karami Matin, Behzad (56943457000) ;Karch, Andre (57223444197) ;Karema, Corine (57202557522) ;Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza (56524603600) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kassa, Dessalegn H. (57203308233) ;Kassa, Getachew Mullu (56229895500) ;Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale (58686045600) ;Kassebaum, Nicholas J. (57202562224) ;Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal (6508254091) ;Kaul, Anil (16156995700) ;Kazemi, Zhila (57193419725) ;Kazemi Karyani, Ali (56664511600) ;Kazi, Dhruv Satish (57216814161) ;Kefale, Adane Teshome (57194507694) ;Keiyoro, Peter Njenga (57203177260) ;Kemp, Grant Rodgers (57203301895) ;Kengne, Andre Pascal (7801322838) ;Keren, Andre (7005620132) ;Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair (57218000521) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khafaei, Behzad (55608664400) ;Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif (55608324700) ;Khajavi, Alireza (59211059000) ;Khalid, Nauman (57204561542) ;Khalil, Ibrahim A. (58255049500) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb (55808731000) ;Khan, Muhammad Ali (7410318229) ;Khang, Young-Ho (57198904674) ;Khater, Mona M. (57203308114) ;Khoja, Abdullah T. (57194229795) ;Khosravi, Ardeshir (57201190837) ;Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein (56524167000) ;Khubchandani, Jagdish (57211720011) ;Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A. (57199100665) ;Kibret, Getiye D. (57194615380) ;Kidanemariam, Zelalem Teklemariam (49864952300) ;Kiirithio, Daniel N. (57203306067) ;Kim, Daniel (57223019104) ;Kim, Young-Eun (59475314200) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kimokoti, Ruth W. (8647554600) ;Kinfu, Yohannes (12770281900) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna (6508376962) ;Kivimaki, Mika (7004391239) ;Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo (57192966362) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800) ;Kochhar, Sonali (57214107714) ;Kokubo, Yoshihiro (56155004000) ;Kolola, Tufa (57191620788) ;Kopec, Jacek A. (7006284395) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kravchenko, Michael A. (57202569007) ;Krishan, Kewal (57202279708) ;Kuate Defo, Barthelemy (6602271655) ;Kucuk Bicer, Burcu (57204528360) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kumar, Manasi (21739940700) ;Kumar, Pushpendra (57208849920) ;Kutz, Michael J. (57195617315) ;Kuzin, Igor (7003625390) ;Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe (57217040073) ;Lad, Deepesh P. (58072597300) ;Lad, Sheetal D. (57204569391) ;Lafranconi, Alessandra (55767061200) ;Lal, Dharmesh Kumar (57222488984) ;Lalloo, Ratilal (57189334553) ;Lallukka, Tea (6508300634) ;Lam, Jennifer O. (57201997930) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Lansingh, Van C. (57194598546) ;Lansky, Sonia (56038709700) ;Larson, Heidi J. (57202559142) ;Latifi, Arman (57203006419) ;Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming (57204566924) ;Lazarus, Jeffrey V. (55431519100) ;Lebedev, Georgy (57204560431) ;Lee, Paul H. (57200302692) ;Leigh, James (7202089604) ;Leili, Mostafa (57204565987) ;Leshargie, Cheru Tesema (57195295462) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Li, Yichong (57218426673) ;Liang, Juan (57198351058) ;Lim, Lee-Ling (56988527400) ;Lim, Stephen S. (57201800433) ;Limenih, Miteku Andualem (57194062676) ;Linn, Shai (7102590173) ;Liu, Shiwei (57209574351) ;Liu, Yang (57202561981) ;Lodha, Rakesh (7007019609) ;Lonsdale, Chris (12760126800) ;Lopez, Alan D. (7401455668) ;Lorkowski, Stefan (57203677656) ;Lotufo, Paulo A. (7003331101) ;Lozano, Rafael (7102198442) ;Lunevicius, Raimundas (57216165063) ;Ma, Stefan (7403723389) ;Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King (56330601800) ;Mackay, Mark T. (7103172855) ;MacLachlan, Jennifer H. (55431229800) ;Maddison, Emilie R. (57196084094) ;Madotto, Fabiana (16029150500) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan (57195948985) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed (57201191366) ;Maghavani, Dhaval P. (57204558721) ;Majdan, Marek (36147855100) ;Majdzadeh, Reza (9246620000) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760) ;Malta, Deborah Carvalho (15835283500) ;Manda, Ana-Laura (57204567674) ;Mandarano-Filho, Luiz Garcia (55342472900) ;Manguerra, Helena (57208121153) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Mapoma, Chabila Christopher (57208956832) ;Marami, Dadi (57200546490) ;Maravilla, Joemer C. (57008289000) ;Marcenes, Wagner (7005668102) ;Marczak, Laurie (57200295553) ;Marks, Ashley (57204558704) ;Marks, Guy B. (7202971580) ;Martinez, Gabriel (57208099155) ;Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio (57204796807) ;Martopullo, Ira (57193550189) ;Marz, Winfried (57220877383) ;Marzan, Melvin B. (57200737144) ;Masci, Joseph R. (56787746300) ;Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard (55859007400) ;Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300) ;Mathur, Prashant (7201845777) ;Matzopoulos, Richard (57203438721) ;Maulik, Pallab K. (7005919685) ;Mazidi, Mohsen (57200232563) ;McAlinden, Colm (35325278500) ;McGrath, John J. (57202560550) ;McKee, Martin (7202304775) ;McMahon, Brian J. (56713188900) ;Mehata, Suresh (57211773159) ;Mehndiratta, Man Mohan (57202557864) ;Mehrotra, Ravi (7203045563) ;Mehta, Kala M. (7201939418) ;Mehta, Varshil (57158753300) ;Mekonnen, Tefera C. (57193872649) ;Melese, Addisu (56901393600) ;Melku, Mulugeta (56032188500) ;Memiah, Peter T.N. (57217207827) ;Memish, Ziad A. (7005059350) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese (57194776802) ;Mengistu, Getnet (57193539632) ;Mensah, George A. (57196028147) ;Mereta, Seid Tiku (57203628211) ;Meretoja, Atte (12775885500) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57202554188) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane (57222113213) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Miazgowski, Tomasz (6701404689) ;Millear, Anoushka I. (57204879537) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine (56387657900) ;Mini, G.K. (12800865800) ;Mirabi, Parvaneh (51864302500) ;Mirarefin, Mojde (57222113397) ;Mirica, Andreea (57188983765) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57216202888) ;Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen (57202808713) ;Mitiku, Habtamu (49864023500) ;Moazen, Babak (57204324006) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammadi, Moslem (56274033300) ;Mohammadifard, Noushin (23110866700) ;Mohammed, Mohammed A. (57196575014) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mohan, Viswanathan (57216603627) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Molokhia, Mariam (7004121920) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar (35617421300) ;Moradinazar, Mehdi (59750499200) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Morawska, Lidia (7004773965) ;Velasquez, Ilais Moreno (56499291900) ;Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana (57204560697) ;Morrison, Shane Douglas (45661573100) ;Moschos, Marilita M. (7004456074) ;Mouodi, Simin (55372646500) ;Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam (56165159700) ;Muchie, Kindie Fentahun (57194458469) ;Mueller, Ulrich Otto (8512347500) ;Mukhopadhyay, Satinath (36342847700) ;Muller, Kate (57196075658) ;Mumford, John Everett (57221821974) ;Musa, Jonah (15022919200) ;Musa, Kamarul Imran (57194536466) ;Mustafa, Ghulam (57190395960) ;Muthupandian, Saravanan (54585668500) ;Nachega, Jean B. (6701544088) ;Nagel, Gabriele (7103201623) ;Naheed, Aliya (57202560989) ;Nahvijou, Azin (18837247000) ;Naik, Gurudatta (56020694000) ;Nair, Sanjeev (7402726229) ;Najafi, Farid (21743304900) ;Naldi, Luigi (7004954781) ;Nam, Hae Sung (7102066169) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Nansseu, Jobert Richie (55548984700) ;Nascimento, Bruno Ramos (14424406800) ;Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan (55804491100) ;Neamati, Nahid (57204566952) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Negoi, Ruxandra Irina (55566106200) ;Neupane, Subas (57215632313) ;Newton, Charles R.J. (35465836500) ;Ngalesoni, Frida N. (57219463339) ;Ngunjiri, Josephine W. (57195296110) ;Nguyen, Anh Quynh (57204557413) ;Nguyen, Grant (57191591002) ;Nguyen, Ha Thu (57468278900) ;Nguyen, Huong Thanh (37093238600) ;Nguyen, Long Hoang (56567321800) ;Nguyen, Minh (58203329200) ;Nguyen, Trang Huyen (59142352200) ;Nichols, Emma (57205756163) ;Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini (57195329470) ;Nirayo, Yirga Legesse (57201651103) ;Nixon, Molly R. (57204562047) ;Nolutshungu, Nomonde (57204567895) ;Nomura, Shuhei (55632290700) ;Norheim, Ole F. (7004082597) ;Noroozi, Mehdi (57035125300) ;Norrving, Bo (12792377500) ;Noubiap, Jean Jacques (55490374000) ;Nouri, Hamid Reza (58754802100) ;Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour (56960536000) ;Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza (8866311900) ;Nyasulu, Peter S. (36700333500) ;Odell, Christopher M. (57204283884) ;Ofori-Asenso, Richard (57209300265) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57217186813) ;Oh, In-Hwan (57204090669) ;Oladimeji, Olanrewaju (57216495380) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olivares, Pedro R. (7003510190) ;Olsen, Helen Elizabeth (57203080494) ;Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola (57218504682) ;Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun (57222488860) ;Ong, Kanyin L. (57210793447) ;Ong, Sok King Sk (36614524300) ;Oren, Eyal (36815569400) ;Orpana, Heather M. (6507559930) ;Ortiz, Alberto (7201911399) ;Ortiz, Justin R. (57201758478) ;Otstavnov, Stanislav S. (57204561394) ;Overland, Simon (23028540300) ;Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo (57222581892) ;Ozdemir, Raziye (46761319200) ;Mahesh, P.A. (57202421244) ;Pacella, Rosana (57194839077) ;Pakhale, Smita (57220937499) ;Pakhare, Abhijit P. (54383993100) ;Pakpour, Amir H. (56181056500) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra (6603112353) ;Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai (6701618847) ;Parisi, Andrea (57203642960) ;Park, Eun-Kee (57216814178) ;Parry, Charles D.H. (7102561312) ;Parsian, Hadi (55991107900) ;Patel, Shanti (57072227700) ;Pati, Sanghamitra (55441302100) ;Patton, George C. (7102184358) ;Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao (56499299400) ;Paulson, Katherine R. (57203437789) ;Pereira, Alexandre (57292982400) ;Pereira, David M. (57200690024) ;Perico, Norberto (56481931200) ;Pesudovs, Konrad (7004576721) ;Petzold, Max (7003628893) ;Phillips, Michael R. (57202563610) ;Piel, Frederic B. (56866735900) ;Pigott, David M. (55320335600) ;Pillay, Julian David (57197803061) ;Pirsaheb, Meghdad (25645282200) ;Pishgar, Farhad (56676403900) ;Polinder, Suzanne (12766122200) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Poustchi, Hossein (8622806500) ;Pujar, Ashwini (57204567538) ;Prakash, Swayam (57212263375) ;Prasad, Narayan (23028765700) ;Purcell, Caroline A. (56203575500) ;Qorbani, Mostafa (24831040300) ;Quintana, Hedley (56835362100) ;Quistberg, D.Alex (6507023057) ;Rade, Kirankumar Waman (53264601000) ;Anwar Rafay, Amir Radfar (57194428768) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimi, Kazem (58482212900) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin (8696686900) ;Rahman, Mahfuzar (35571661300) ;Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur (57208867497) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rai, Rajesh Kumar (51864423900) ;Rajsic, Sasa (57196448260) ;Ram, Usha (26653819000) ;Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal (56719695500) ;Ranjan, Prabhat (57200595370) ;Rao, Puja C. (57191835613) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Razo-Garcia, Christian (57191620919) ;Reddy, K. Srinath (35417788900) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Reitsma, Marissa B. (57208766315) ;Remuzzi, Giuseppe (56466188600) ;Renzaho, Andre M.N. (6505786588) ;Resnikoff, Serge (7006012071) ;Rezaei, Satar (55791003000) ;Rezaeian, Shahab (55214334100) ;Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh (55273796300) ;Riahi, Seyed Mohammad (57193205976) ;Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P. (57204577960) ;Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus (57208577330) ;Roba, Kedir Teji (57203667432) ;Roberts, Nicholas L.S. (57204562597) ;Robinson, Stephen R. (7402673969) ;Roever, Leonardo (56641632800) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Rostami, Ali (59144808300) ;Rothenbacher, Dietrich (7004765162) ;Roy, Ambuj (7402704658) ;Rubagotti, Enrico (57208389589) ;Sachdev, Perminder S. (7102284091) ;Saddik, Basema (23020079300) ;Sadeghi, Ehsan (37010381500) ;Safari, Hosein (57204236925) ;Safdarian, Mahdi (57203849024) ;Safi, Sare (57219477293) ;Safiri, Saeid (56009654100) ;Sagar, Rajesh (26643103100) ;Sahebkar, Amirhossein (26639699900) ;Sahraian, Mohammad Ali (55886074600) ;Salam, Nasir (23992664500) ;Salama, Joseph S. (57202975625) ;Salamati, Payman (14045860600) ;De Freitas Saldanha, Raphael (57193063393) ;Saleem, Zikria (56179814800) ;Salimi, Yahya (54421017000) ;Salvi, Sundeep Santosh (7005258777) ;Salz, Inbal (57199623777) ;Sambala, Evanson Zondani (36718133800) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria (57202569015) ;Santomauro, Damian Francesco (56912450700) ;Santos, Itamar S. (57198312911) ;Santos, Joao Vasco (57226214352) ;Santric Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao (57202052980) ;Sarker, Abdur Razzaque (55908816200) ;Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo (57204744430) ;Sarrafzadegan, Nizal (6701751316) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Sarvi, Shahabeddin (56168398100) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691) ;Sawant, Arundhati R. (57204568004) ;Sawhney, Monika (57217153893) ;Saxena, Sonia (57203151746) ;Sayyah, Mehdi (10540414200) ;Schaeffner, Elke (6507021741) ;Schmidt, Maria Ines (7404398885) ;Schneider, Ione J.C. (57201292772) ;Schottker, Ben (7006697270) ;Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth (57216814352) ;Schwebel, David C. (6603681532) ;Schwendicke, Falk (55639536600) ;Scott, James G. (57218307442) ;Sekerija, Mario (30268005400) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Servan-Mori, Edson (57202594826) ;Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba (57204698893) ;Shabaninejad, Hosein (56047947500) ;Shackelford, Katya Anne (57202959163) ;Shafieesabet, Azadeh (56964338900) ;Shahbazi, Mehdi (58427375600) ;Shaheen, Amira A. (57202560956) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran (57193608415) ;Shamsi, Mohammadbagher (57204557980) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Sharafi, Kiomars (57194516056) ;Sharif, Mehdi (16022734200) ;Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi (35108018000) ;Sharma, Rajesh (58228412600) ;She, Jun (57209122131) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Shi, Peilin (57203064901) ;Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay (57205232012) ;Shigematsu, Mika (23968093000) ;Shiri, Rahman (57200737050) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Shiue, Ivy (35811219800) ;Shokraneh, Farhad (36146063000) ;Shrime, Mark G. (57204703404) ;Si, Si (56706979500) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Siddiqi, Tariq J. (57193718539) ;Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora (57195363778) ;Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig (56006396200) ;Silberberg, Donald H. (57223420256) ;Santos Silva, Diego Augusto (36985158000) ;Silva, Joao Pedro (7403023631) ;Da Silva, Natacha Torres (57207324515) ;Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves (57190284103) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Singh, Narinder Pal (57211864736) ;Singh, Prashant Kumar (57208090732) ;Singh, Virendra (57191848598) ;Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609) ;Sliwa, Karen (57207223988) ;Smith, Mari (57195484737) ;Sobaih, Badr Hasan (57202564080) ;Sobhani, Soheila (57193095221) ;Sobngwi, Eugene (6701427993) ;Soneji, Samir S. (57204096389) ;Soofi, Moslem (56373891000) ;Sorensen, Reed J.D. (57196918748) ;Soriano, Joan B. (7101973935) ;Soyiri, Ireneous N. (15052406400) ;Sposato, Luciano A. (25640261000) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. (57212263335) ;Srinivasan, Vinay (57196077031) ;Stanaway, Jeffrey D. (57201210928) ;Starodubov, Vladimir I. (6701820838) ;Stathopoulou, Vasiliki (57209726581) ;Stein, Dan J. (55769747595) ;Steiner, Caitlyn (57205358084) ;Stewart, Leo G. (57204565284) ;Stokes, Mark A. (7102859000) ;Subart, Michelle L. (57194140438) ;Sudaryanto, Agus (57305372500) ;Sufiyan, Mu'Awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Sur, Patrick John (57218360398) ;Sutradhar, Ipsita (57202349742) ;Sykes, Bryan L. (57211183396) ;Sylaja, P.N. (12787344300) ;Sylte, Dillon O. (57211183601) ;Szoeke, Cassandra E.I. (6505920990) ;Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tabuchi, Takahiro (55177892400) ;Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar (57207799926) ;Takahashi, Ken (55741242600) ;Tandon, Nikhil (7101833756) ;Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel (57204569108) ;Taveira, Nuno (6602731390) ;Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash (57204006020) ;Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw (57204558037) ;Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin (57204237146) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Temsah, Omar (57204559820) ;Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman (57211144258) ;Teshale, Manaye Yihune (57204566390) ;Tessema, Belay (20735503600) ;Tessema, Gizachew Assefa (57196316304) ;Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (57202955435) ;Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish (54407369300) ;Thomas, Nihal (7401830494) ;Thrift, Amanda G. (7004824524) ;Thurston, George D. (7102270013) ;Tilahun, Binyam (57212075730) ;To, Quyen G. (55827789100) ;Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan (57209276611) ;Tonelli, Marcello (7103102534) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Torre, Anna E. (57196074351) ;Tortajada-Girbes, Miguel (16242320900) ;Touvier, Mathilde (8877033300) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Tripathi, Suryakant (57225821627) ;Troeger, Christopher E. (57195223624) ;Truelsen, Thomas Clement (57202824565) ;Truong, Nu Thi (57204178907) ;Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel (57204562442) ;Tsoi, Derrick (57196074984) ;Tudor Car, Lorainne (48561867100) ;Murat Tuzcu, E. (7005951350) ;Tyrovolas, Stefanos (57207793475) ;Ukwaja, Kingsley N. (57202824584) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Undurraga, Eduardo A. (57204092789) ;Updike, Rachel L. (57204698680) ;Usman, Muhammad Shariq (57203046075) ;Uthman, Olalekan A. (23026328100) ;Uzun, Selen Begum (57200327315) ;Vaduganathan, Muthiah (16417973600) ;Vaezi, Afsane (55698015300) ;Vaidya, Gaurang (55551507300) ;Valdez, Pascual R. (57202115577) ;Varavikova, Elena (7801408611) ;Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (57200592416) ;Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy (56804702100) ;Villafaina, Santos (57195804127) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch (57195959162) ;Vlassov, Vasily (57211633239) ;Vollset, Stein Emil (57196315778) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Wagner, Gregory R. (57219005948) ;Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw (57200917385) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wallin, Mitchell Taylor (57201573668) ;Walson, Judd L. (57203254111) ;Wang, Yanping (57215440165) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Wassie, Molla Mesele (56499356400) ;Weiderpass, Elisabete (57205018947) ;Weintraub, Robert G. (7006079405) ;Weldegebreal, Fitsum (56112812300) ;Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey (57203308107) ;Werdecker, Andrea (57208964895) ;Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew (57195675398) ;West, T. Eoin (57756844000) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Whiteford, Harvey A. (55906494000)Widecka, Justyna (15047205800)Background: Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. Methods: The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year. Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in 18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available data led to subnational estimates for five additional countries—Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia. Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to generate cause fractions and cause-specific death rates for each location, year, age, and sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions, GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs) were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported here are age-standardised. Findings: At the broadest grouping of causes of death (Level 1), non-communicable diseases (NCDs) comprised the greatest fraction of deaths, contributing to 73·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 72·5–74·1) of total deaths in 2017, while communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) causes accounted for 18·6% (17·9–19·6), and injuries 8·0% (7·7–8·2). Total numbers of deaths from NCD causes increased from 2007 to 2017 by 22·7% (21·5–23·9), representing an additional 7·61 million (7·20–8·01) deaths estimated in 2017 versus 2007. The death rate from NCDs decreased globally by 7·9% (7·0–8·8). The number of deaths for CMNN causes decreased by 22·2% (20·0–24·0) and the death rate by 31·8% (30·1–33·3). Total deaths from injuries increased by 2·3% (0·5–4·0) between 2007 and 2017, and the death rate from injuries decreased by 13·7% (12·2–15·1) to 57·9 deaths (55·9–59·2) per 100 000 in 2017. Deaths from substance use disorders also increased, rising from 284 000 deaths (268 000–289 000) globally in 2007 to 352 000 (334 000–363 000) in 2017. Between 2007 and 2017, total deaths from conflict and terrorism increased by 118·0% (88·8–148·6). A greater reduction in total deaths and death rates was observed for some CMNN causes among children younger than 5 years than for older adults, such as a 36·4% (32·2–40·6) reduction in deaths from lower respiratory infections for children younger than 5 years compared with a 33·6% (31·2–36·1) increase in adults older than 70 years. Globally, the number of deaths was greater for men than for women at most ages in 2017, except at ages older than 85 years. Trends in global YLLs reflect an epidemiological transition, with decreases in total YLLs from enteric infections, respiratory infections and tuberculosis, and maternal and neonatal disorders between 1990 and 2017; these were generally greater in magnitude at the lowest levels of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). At the same time, there were large increases in YLLs from neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. YLL rates decreased across the five leading Level 2 causes in all SDI quintiles. The leading causes of YLLs in 1990—neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, and diarrhoeal diseases—were ranked second, fourth, and fifth, in 2017. Meanwhile, estimated YLLs increased for ischaemic heart disease (ranked first in 2017) and stroke (ranked third), even though YLL rates decreased. Population growth contributed to increased total deaths across the 20 leading Level 2 causes of mortality between 2007 and 2017. Decreases in the cause-specific mortality rate reduced the effect of population growth for all but three causes: substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases. Interpretation: Improvements in global health have been unevenly distributed among populations. Deaths due to injuries, substance use disorders, armed conflict and terrorism, neoplasms, and cardiovascular disease are expanding threats to global health. For causes of death such as lower respiratory and enteric infections, more rapid progress occurred for children than for the oldest adults, and there is continuing disparity in mortality rates by sex across age groups. Reductions in the death rate of some common diseases are themselves slowing or have ceased, primarily for NCDs, and the death rate for selected causes has increased in the past decade. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2018) ;James, Spencer L. (57202557998) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abate, Kalkidan Hassen (57207943858) ;Abay, Solomon M. (35306466900) ;Abbafati, Cristiana (54917122400) ;Abbasi, Nooshin (57212442022) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdela, Jemal (57200613000) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Zegeye (57193002719) ;Abera, Semaw F. (57205180598) ;Abil, Olifan Zewdie (57204558002) ;Abraha, Haftom Niguse (57195289877) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E. (57216675148) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Acharya, Pawan (56435749900) ;Ackerman, Ilana N. (8925517400) ;Adamu, Abdu A. (57202024381) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adib, Mina G. (57204560513) ;Adsuar, Jose C. (21738958900) ;Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko (57189844785) ;Afarideh, Mohsen (56227034300) ;Afshin, Ashkan (57217465455) ;Agarwal, Gina (57220151944) ;Agesa, Kareha M. (57204562362) ;Aggarwal, Rakesh (7203024985) ;Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi (57202646096) ;Agrawal, Sutapa (57202841733) ;Ahmadi, Alireza (56336080700) ;Ahmadi, Mehdi (16644923000) ;Ahmadieh, Hamid (57203677679) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Aichour, Amani Nidhal (57195486768) ;Aichour, Ibtihel (57195485980) ;Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine (57195488258) ;Akinyemiju, Tomi (57202561503) ;Akseer, Nadia (57207801968) ;Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500) ;Al-Eyadhy, Ayman (24554080400) ;Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. (8625547100) ;Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. (57219673720) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Alam, Khurshid (57203681299) ;Alam, Tahiya (57205589820) ;Alashi, Alaa (57190305608) ;Alavian, Seyed Moayed (55103199900) ;Alene, Kefyalew Addis (57202583764) ;Alijanzadeh, Mehran (56236864700) ;Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza (36024974700) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Alkerwi, Ala'a (57197724313) ;Alla, François (6701580827) ;Allebeck, Peter (7005187575) ;Alouani, Mohamed M.L. (57204561793) ;Altirkawi, Khalid (57202762923) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Amare, Azmeraw T. (57202220009) ;Aminde, Leopold N. (56287711300) ;Ammar, Walid (57208159281) ;Amoako, Yaw Ampem (44960986700) ;Anber, Nahla Hamed (57202351369) ;Andrei, Catalina Liliana (36543507200) ;Androudi, Sofia (6603286512) ;Animut, Megbaru Debalkie (57204558749) ;Anjomshoa, Mina (57204563282) ;Ansha, Mustafa Geleto (57195329453) ;Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. (55247644500) ;Anwari, Palwasha (57217465526) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Arauz, Antonio (6602846462) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Ariani, Filippo (36887464400) ;Armoon, Bahram (57191472455) ;Ärnlöv, Johan (6602512227) ;Arora, Amit (36676951800) ;Artaman, Al (57217223811) ;Aryal, Krishna K. (57203859052) ;Asayesh, Hamid (55334322800) ;Asghar, Rana Jawad (57209013760) ;Ataro, Zerihun (57204563849) ;Atre, Sachin R. (22933845900) ;Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907) ;Avila-Burgos, Leticia (8530790100) ;Avokpaho, Euripide F.G.A. (57209842037) ;Awasthi, Ashish (58420926700) ;Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina (55598298700) ;Ayer, Rakesh (56051098100) ;Azzopardi, Peter S. (56861081000) ;Babazadeh, Arefeh (57200079032) ;Badali, Hamid (15123728900) ;Badawi, Alaa (57216776029) ;Bali, Ayele Geleto (57204564615) ;Ballesteros, Katherine E. (57207968050) ;Ballew, Shoshana H. (34067516900) ;Banach, Maciej (22936699500) ;Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar (57204568975) ;Banstola, Amrit (57208985808) ;Barac, Aleksandra (55550748700) ;Barboza, Miguel A. (56650777100) ;Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn (57193065514) ;Bärnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900) ;Barrero, Lope H. (57208560675) ;Baune, Bernhard T. (6603807336) ;Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad (57205912040) ;Bedi, Neeraj (57988442200) ;Beghi, Ettore (7004809655) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Behzadifar, Meysam (59429991000) ;Béjot, Yannick (14038743100) ;Belachew, Abate Bekele (57201657313) ;Belay, Yihalem Abebe (57202972558) ;Bell, Michelle L. (7401466450) ;Bello, Aminu K. (12759638700) ;Bensenor, Isabela M. (7004830338) ;Bernabe, Eduardo (57194696150) ;Bernstein, Robert S. (56971681200) ;Beuran, Mircea (25229806700) ;Beyranvand, Tina (57203000763) ;Bhala, Neeraj (15759186000) ;Bhattarai, Suraj (55646532200) ;Bhaumik, Soumyadeep (55643126300) ;Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. (24342648300) ;Biadgo, Belete (55672090500) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Bikbov, Boris (57219957158) ;Bilano, Ver (57189663783) ;Bililign, Nigus (57216264444) ;Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat (55408904500) ;Bisanzio, Donal (57196394991) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Blyth, Fiona M. (6603553964) ;Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R. (57193524147) ;Boufous, Soufiane (6507794444) ;Bourne, Rupert (7103377631) ;Brady, Oliver J. (57218716651) ;Brainin, Michael (7006405278) ;Brant, Luisa C. (40160889400) ;Brazinova, Alexandra (57216996405) ;Breitborde, Nicholas J.K. (6603260895) ;Brenner, Hermann (7201832825) ;Briant, Paul Svitil (57196152334) ;Briggs, Andrew M. (7102129692) ;Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich (57202792237) ;Britton, Gabrielle (7004997832) ;Brugha, Traolach (35370057100) ;Buchbinder, Rachelle (7004966093) ;Busse, Reinhard (35589070800) ;Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739) ;Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero (57207890731) ;Cano, Jorge (7201865982) ;Cárdenas, Rosario (57216482927) ;Carrero, Juan J. (16834646800) ;Carter, Austin (57201756395) ;Carvalho, Félix (7103070417) ;Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700) ;Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline (57197814657) ;Castro, Franz (57204567353) ;Catalá-López, Ferrán (57202553733) ;Cercy, Kelly M. (57208777587) ;Cerin, Ester (14522064200) ;Chaiah, Yazan (57204565480) ;Chang, Alex R. (55649305800) ;Chang, Hsing-Yi (7407523087) ;Chang, Jung-Chen (57202568248) ;Charlson, Fiona J. (57191632086) ;Chattopadhyay, Aparajita (14827821600) ;Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500) ;Chaturvedi, Pankaj (35547314900) ;Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia (59846886500) ;Chin, Ken Lee (57216745370) ;Chitheer, Abdulaal (57209314488) ;Choi, Jee-Young J. (57209706428) ;Chowdhury, Rajiv (57216138475) ;Christensen, Hanne (57202099623) ;Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533) ;Cicuttini, Flavia M. (7005887430) ;Ciobanu, Liliana G. (57201603453) ;Cirillo, Massimo (35247478400) ;Claro, Rafael M. (16834671700) ;Collado-Mateo, Daniel (56820108800) ;Cooper, Cyrus (36041345700) ;Coresh, Josef (7005367498) ;Cortesi, Paolo Angelo (57200306512) ;Cortinovis, Monica (57207893885) ;Costa, Megan (55453279900) ;Cousin, Ewerton (57194620705) ;Criqui, Michael H. (7005209601) ;Cromwell, Elizabeth A. (15727546000) ;Cross, Marita (57200967636) ;Crump, John A. (57202595111) ;Dadi, Abel Fekadu (57031690900) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Dargan, Paul I. (57212154356) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Das Gupta, Rajat (57215122060) ;Das Neves, José (57208073193) ;Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye (57204268402) ;Davey, Gail (7102000901) ;Davis, Adrian C. (7404296836) ;Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil (57202555163) ;De Courten, Barbora (57208309416) ;De La Hoz, Fernando Pio (23134262800) ;De Leo, Diego (7006128644) ;De Neve, Jan-Walter (57039962400) ;Degefa, Meaza Girma (57204559873) ;Degenhardt, Louisa (7004040033) ;Deiparine, Selina (57205252200) ;Dellavalle, Robert P. (7003806771) ;Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam (57202214514) ;Deribe, Kebede (57193912587) ;Dervenis, Nikolaos (35368148900) ;Des Jarlais, Don C. (56990451200) ;Dessie, Getenet Ayalew (57202055866) ;Dey, Subhojit (25958052600) ;Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda (57216324802) ;Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese (57201669580) ;Dirac, M. Ashworth (57193092988) ;Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000) ;Doan, Linh (59813016600) ;Dokova, Klara (57201523771) ;Doku, David Teye (36015210300) ;Dorsey, E. Ray (23102496300) ;Doyle, Kerrie E. (55693710800) ;Driscoll, Tim Robert (7005928308) ;Dubey, Manisha (57219898654) ;Dubljanin, Eleonora (55957442600) ;Duken, Eyasu Ejeta (57204560558) ;Duncan, Bruce B. (35476478500) ;Duraes, Andre R. (30867558600) ;Ebrahimi, Hedyeh (57195329214) ;Ebrahimpour, Soheil (57204558416) ;Echko, Michelle Marie (57196076782) ;Edvardsson, David (35229255500) ;Effiong, Andem (57213158150) ;Ehrlich, Joshua R. (57190136174) ;El Bcheraoui, Charbel (25027689700) ;El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa (57203666922) ;El-Khatib, Ziad (54908919000) ;Elkout, Hajer (36102315300) ;Elyazar, Iqbal R.F. (6506894785) ;Enayati, Ahmadali (6507139052) ;Endries, Aman Yesuf (57216324852) ;Er, Benjamin (57204568328) ;Erskine, Holly E. (57202798676) ;Eshrati, Babak (16030619200) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Esteghamati, Alireza (11240321100) ;Esteghamati, Sadaf (54906169400) ;Fakhim, Hamed (56532027000) ;Fallah Omrani, Vahid (56120364000) ;Faramarzi, Mahbobeh (8928307700) ;Fareed, Mohammad (24491815600) ;Farhadi, Farzaneh (55869726400) ;Farid, Talha A. (24824364300) ;Farinha, Carla Sofia Esá (57190279273) ;Farioli, Andrea (57207608705) ;Faro, Andre (36770969600) ;Farvid, Maryam S. (57216534761) ;Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611) ;Feigin, Valery L. (57203677957) ;Fentahun, Netsanet (56394665400) ;Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad (57202557520) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Fernandes, Joao C. (35274726800) ;Ferrari, Alize J. (57195348907) ;Feyissa, Garumma Tolu (55504728900) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Foigt, Nataliya A. (57216998893) ;Foreman, Kyle J. (57209064414) ;Fox, Jack (36094087400) ;Frank, Tahvi D. (57203197110) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Fullman, Nancy (57211064970) ;Fürst, Thomas (57208431345) ;Furtado, João M. (36801755000) ;Futran, Neal D. (35554564000) ;Gall, Seana (7005385955) ;Ganji, Morsaleh (57211874807) ;Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho (57201341525) ;Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L. (57200187168) ;Gardner, William M. (57204566870) ;Gebre, Abadi Kahsu (59465976500) ;Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay (57202566187) ;Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo (57204566728) ;Gelano, Tilayie Feto (57200628899) ;Geleijnse, Johanna M. (35195702500) ;Genova-Maleras, Ricard (15070563900) ;Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea (57204563310) ;Gething, Peter W. (57193559189) ;Gezae, Kebede Embaye (57204561611) ;Ghadiri, Keyghobad (55409170000) ;Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil (15724975400) ;Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam (55371171100) ;Ghimire, Mamata (57190385188) ;Ghosh, Rakesh (36448139200) ;Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal (7007024941) ;Giampaoli, Simona (55168056600) ;Gill, Paramjit Singh (7202766660) ;Gill, Tiffany K. (8545441900) ;Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed (57192378390) ;Giussani, Giorgia (57200843076) ;Gnedovskaya, Elena V. (56806916500) ;Goldberg, Ellen M. (57191842703) ;Goli, Srinivas (39761832500) ;Gómez-Dantés, Hector (57202555692) ;Gona, Philimon N. (57219703762) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Gorman, Taren M. (57204559340) ;Goulart, Alessandra C. (57201181348) ;Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia (55958854600) ;Grada, Ayman (55797741000) ;Grams, Morgan E. (55882203700) ;Grosso, Giuseppe (57196998256) ;Gugnani, Harish Chander (7005567008) ;Guo, Yuming (55712472800) ;Gupta, Prakash C. (58767181900) ;Gupta, Rahul (57204120071) ;Gupta, Rajeev (55705295300) ;Gupta, Tanush (57219956402) ;Gyawali, Bishal (56237046200) ;Haagsma, Juanita A. (57202571125) ;Hachinski, Vladimir (7101953309) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan (36647510000) ;Hagos, Tekleberhan B. (57204236893) ;Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa (57219637263) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arya (57226201352) ;Hamadeh, Randah R. (57202769526) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Handal, Alexis J. (57208977398) ;Hankey, Graeme J. (7102816661) ;Hao, Yuantao (57202554333) ;Harb, Hilda L. (57221443122) ;Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai (57202524069) ;Haro, Josep Maria (57215877903) ;Hasan, Mehedi (57908537100) ;Hassankhani, Hadi (26436359700) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Havmoeller, Rasmus (57212075728) ;Hawley, Caitlin N. (57196078801) ;Hay, Roderick J. (56785229200) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar (35867288600) ;Heibati, Behzad (55341086000) ;Hendrie, Delia (6602071966) ;Henok, Andualem (57196451824) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Heydarpour, Sousan (53871251300) ;Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw (57200538678) ;Hoang, Huong Thanh (57204563742) ;Hoek, Hans W. (57202570421) ;Hoffman, Howard J. (7201677665) ;Hole, Michael K. (57159282400) ;Homaie Rad, Enayatollah (57196329821) ;Hoogar, Praveen (57204240256) ;Hosgood, H. Dean (56353204400) ;Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa (57204569481) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Hostiuc, Mihaela (51763789200) ;Hostiuc, Sorin (24829099800) ;Hotez, Peter J. (7004958298) ;Hoy, Damian G. (8553772600) ;Hsairi, Mohamed (57209033943) ;Htet, Aung Soe (57202555179) ;Hu, Guoqing (57218106596) ;Huang, John J. (56135699200) ;Huynh, Chantal K. (57202556112) ;Iburg, Kim Moesgaard (57216814160) ;Ikeda, Chad Thomas (57202720108) ;Ileanu, Bogdan (57202148423) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Iqbal, Usman (55572166900) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter (57203666733) ;Mohammed, Sheikh (56400111100) ;Islam, Shariful (55432804200) ;Islami, Farhad (56926442900) ;Jacobsen, Kathryn H. (26029163100) ;Jahangiry, Leila (56281924800) ;Jahanmehr, Nader (57203122718) ;Jain, Sudhir Kumar (55461277300) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (14318929700) ;Javanbakht, Mehdi (57204619886) ;Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra (57204797176) ;Jeemon, Panniyammakal (57216324831) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jha, Vivekanand (7005119423) ;Ji, John S. (58562329500) ;Johnson, Catherine O. (57212301236) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy (21833993700) ;Jungari, Suresh Banayya (57188682037) ;Jürisson, Mikk (55547524800) ;Kabir, Zubair (57207901718) ;Kadel, Rajendra (57196080325) ;Kahsay, Amaha (57216608121) ;Kalani, Rizwan (13006237100) ;Kanchan, Tanuj (35237157900) ;Karami, Manoochehr (26655761400) ;Karami Matin, Behzad (56943457000) ;Karch, André (57223444197) ;Karema, Corine (57202557522) ;Karimi, Narges (57188831519) ;Karimi, Seyed M. (57220096578) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kassa, Dessalegn H. (57203308233) ;Kassa, Getachew Mullu (56229895500) ;Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale (58686045600) ;Kassebaum, Nicholas J. (57202562224) ;Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal (6508254091) ;Kawakami, Norito (35377339000) ;Kazemi Karyani, Ali (56664511600) ;Keighobadi, Masoud Masoud (23467059300) ;Keiyoro, Peter Njenga (57203177260) ;Kemmer, Laura (57205017265) ;Kemp, Grant Rodgers (57203301895) ;Kengne, Andre Pascal (7801322838) ;Keren, Andre (7005620132) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khafaei, Behzad (55608664400) ;Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif (55608324700) ;Khajavi, Alireza (59211059000) ;Khalil, Ibrahim A. (58255049500) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb (55808731000) ;Khan, Muhammad Ali (7410318229) ;Khang, Young-Ho (57198904674) ;Khazaei, Mohammad (57204562878) ;Khoja, Abdullah T. (57194229795) ;Khosravi, Ardeshir (57201190837) ;Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein (56524167000) ;Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A. (57199100665) ;Kiirithio, Daniel N. (57203306067) ;Kim, Cho-Il (57199973023) ;Kim, Daniel (57223019104) ;Kim, Pauline (57191593761) ;Kim, Young-Eun (59475314200) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kimokoti, Ruth W. (8647554600) ;Kinfu, Yohannes (12770281900) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna (6508376962) ;Kivimäki, Mika (7004391239) ;Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo (57192966362) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800) ;Kochhar, Sonali (57214107714) ;Kokubo, Yoshihiro (56155004000) ;Kolola, Tufa (57191620788) ;Kopec, Jacek A. (7006284395) ;Kosen, Soewarta (57211346192) ;Kotsakis, Georgios A. (55633117700) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kravchenko, Michael A. (57202569007) ;Krishan, Kewal (57202279708) ;Krohn, Kristopher J. (57194138806) ;Kuate Defo, Barthelemy (6602271655) ;Kucuk Bicer, Burcu (57204528360) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kumar, Manasi (21739940700) ;Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe (57217040073) ;Lad, Deepesh P. (58072597300) ;Lad, Sheetal D. (57204569391) ;Lafranconi, Alessandra (55767061200) ;Lalloo, Ratilal (57189334553) ;Lallukka, Tea (6508300634) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Lansingh, Van C. (57194598546) ;Latifi, Arman (57203006419) ;Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming (57204566924) ;Lazarus, Jeffrey V. (55431519100) ;Leasher, Janet L. (57197789738) ;Ledesma, Jorge R. (57204449040) ;Lee, Paul H. (57200302692) ;Leigh, James (7202089604) ;Leung, Janni (57214397752) ;Levi, Miriam (54893035000) ;Lewycka, Sonia (57212496031) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Li, Yichong (57218426673) ;Liao, Yu (56746945000) ;Liben, Misgan Legesse (57188568119) ;Lim, Lee-Ling (56988527400) ;Lim, Stephen S. (57201800433) ;Liu, Shiwei (57209574351) ;Lodha, Rakesh (7007019609) ;Looker, Katharine J. (57202553673) ;Lopez, Alan D. (7401455668) ;Lorkowski, Stefan (57203677656) ;Lotufo, Paulo A. (7003331101) ;Low, Nicola (7006432437) ;Lozano, Rafael (7102198442) ;Lucas, Tim C.D. (57216683591) ;Lucchesi, Lydia R. (57204564367) ;Lunevicius, Raimundas (57216165063) ;Lyons, Ronan A. (55574561400) ;Ma, Stefan (7403723389) ;Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King (56330601800) ;Mackay, Mark T. (7103172855) ;Madotto, Fabiana (16029150500) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan (57195948985) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed (57201191366) ;Maghavani, Dhaval P. (57204558721) ;Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur (55924241300) ;Mai, Hue Thi (57193029106) ;Majdan, Marek (36147855100) ;Majdzadeh, Reza (9246620000) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760) ;Malta, Deborah Carvalho (15835283500) ;Mamun, Abdullah A. (55666602500) ;Manda, Ana-Laura (57204567674) ;Manguerra, Helena (57208121153) ;Manhertz, Treh (57195486490) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni (7006357517) ;Mapoma, Chabila Christopher (57208956832) ;Maravilla, Joemer C. (57008289000) ;Marcenes, Wagner (7005668102) ;Marks, Ashley (57204558704) ;Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio (57204796807) ;Martopullo, Ira (57193550189) ;März, Winfried (57220877383) ;Marzan, Melvin B. (57200737144) ;Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa (56281917500) ;Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard (55859007400) ;Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300) ;Matsushita, Kunihiro (57202091432) ;Maulik, Pallab K. (7005919685) ;Mazidi, Mohsen (57200232563) ;McAlinden, Colm (35325278500) ;McGrath, John J. (57215198193) ;McKee, Martin (7202304775) ;Mehndiratta, Man Mohan (57202557864) ;Mehrotra, Ravi (7203045563) ;Mehta, Kala M. (7201939418) ;Mehta, Varshil (57158753300) ;Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola (56013641600) ;Mekonen, Tesfa (56118971700) ;Melese, Addisu (56901393600) ;Melku, Mulugeta (56032188500) ;Meltzer, Michele (57206867011) ;Memiah, Peter T.N. (57217207827) ;Memish, Ziad A. (7005059350) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese (57194776802) ;Mengistu, Getnet (57193539632) ;Mensah, George A. (57196028147) ;Mereta, Seid Tiku (57203628211) ;Meretoja, Atte (12775885500) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57202554188) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi (57575826800) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Miazgowski, Tomasz (6701404689) ;Millear, Anoushka I. (57204879537) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Miltz, Benjamin (57204557588) ;Mini, G.K. (12800865800) ;Mirarefin, Mojde (57222113397) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57216202888) ;Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen (57202808713) ;Mitchell, Philip B. (35354747000) ;Mitiku, Habtamu (49864023500) ;Moazen, Babak (57204324006) ;Mohajer, Bahram (57039225300) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammadifard, Noushin (23110866700) ;Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa (57203524570) ;Mohammed, Mohammed A. (57196575014) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mohebi, Farnam (55633844600) ;Moitra, Modhurima (57191962343) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Molokhia, Mariam (7004121920) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moodley, Yoshan (57210652387) ;Moosazadeh, Mahmood (35771326500) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar (35617421300) ;Moradinazar, Mehdi (59750499200) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Morawska, Lidia (7004773965) ;Moreno Velásquez, Ilais (56499291900) ;Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana (57204560697) ;Morrison, Shane Douglas (45661573100) ;Moschos, Marilita M. (7004456074) ;Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam (56165159700) ;Mruts, Kalayu Brhane (57221822877) ;Muche, Achenef Asmamaw (57195576373) ;Muchie, Kindie Fentahun (57194458469) ;Mueller, Ulrich Otto (8512347500) ;Muhammed, Oumer Sada (57202727745) ;Mukhopadhyay, Satinath (36342847700) ;Muller, Kate (57196075658) ;Mumford, John Everett (57221821974) ;Murhekar, Manoj (35551594800) ;Musa, Jonah (15022919200) ;Musa, Kamarul Imran (57194536466) ;Mustafa, Ghulam (57190395960) ;Nabhan, Ashraf F. (55880870200) ;Nagata, Chie (50061824800) ;Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323) ;Naheed, Aliya (57202560989) ;Nahvijou, Azin (18837247000) ;Naik, Gurudatta (56020694000) ;Naik, Nitish (7006558334) ;Najafi, Farid (21743304900) ;Naldi, Luigi (7004954781) ;Nam, Hae Sung (7102066169) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Nansseu, Jobert Richie (55548984700) ;Nascimento, Bruno Ramos (14424406800) ;Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan (55804491100) ;Neamati, Nahid (57204566952) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Negoi, Ruxandra Irina (55566106200) ;Neupane, Subas (57215632313) ;Newton, Charles Richard James (35465836500) ;Ngunjiri, Josephine W. (57195296110) ;Nguyen, Anh Quynh (57204557413) ;Nguyen, Ha Thu (57468278900) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Nguyen, Huong Thanh (37093238600) ;Nguyen, Long Hoang (56567321800) ;Nguyen, Minh (58203329200) ;Nguyen, Nam Ba (57204561572) ;Nguyen, Son Hoang (59662830400) ;Nichols, Emma (57205756163) ;Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini (57195329470) ;Nixon, Molly R. (57204562047) ;Nolutshungu, Nomonde (57204567895) ;Nomura, Shuhei (55632290700) ;Norheim, Ole F. (7004082597) ;Noroozi, Mehdi (57035125300) ;Norrving, Bo (12792377500) ;Noubiap, Jean Jacques (55490374000) ;Nouri, Hamid Reza (58754802100) ;Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe (56960536000) ;Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza (8866311900) ;Nsoesie, Elaine O. (57211006304) ;Nyasulu, Peter S. (36700333500) ;Odell, Christopher M. (57204283884) ;Ofori-Asenso, Richard (57209300265) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57200737136) ;Oh, In-Hwan (57204090669) ;Oladimeji, Olanrewaju (57216495380) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olagunju, Tinuke O. (57203076824) ;Olivares, Pedro R. (7003510190) ;Olsen, Helen Elizabeth (57203080494) ;Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola (57218504682) ;Ong, Kanyin L. (57210793447) ;Ong, Sok King (36614524300) ;Oren, Eyal (36815569400) ;Ortiz, Alberto (7201911399) ;Ota, Erika (57202554474) ;Otstavnov, Stanislav S. (57204561394) ;øverland, Simon (23028540300) ;Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo (57222581892) ;Mahesh, P.A. (57202421244) ;Pacella, Rosana (57194839077) ;Pakpour, Amir H. (56181056500) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra (6603112353) ;Parisi, Andrea (57203642960) ;Park, Eun-Kee (57216814178) ;Parry, Charles D.H. (7102561312) ;Patel, Shanti (57072227700) ;Pati, Sanghamitra (55441302100) ;Patil, Snehal T. (57212263349) ;Patle, Ajay (57203309187) ;Patton, George C. (7102184358) ;Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao (56499299400) ;Paulson, Katherine R. (57203437789) ;Pearce, Neil (56491440700) ;Pereira, David M. (57200690024) ;Perico, Norberto (56481931200) ;Pesudovs, Konrad (7004576721) ;Pham, Hai Quang (57217078995) ;Phillips, Michael R. (57202563610) ;Pigott, David M. (55320335600) ;Pillay, Julian David (57197803061) ;Piradov, Michael A. (7003731802) ;Pirsaheb, Meghdad (25645282200) ;Pishgar, Farhad (56676403900) ;Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer (41662092800) ;Plass, Dietrich (57217142114) ;Polinder, Suzanne (12766122200) ;Popova, Svetlana (56848085800) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Poustchi, Hossein (8622806500) ;Prabhakaran, Dorairaj (7004283783) ;Prakash, Swayam (57212263375) ;Prakash, V. (55722781800) ;Purcell, Caroline A. (56203575500) ;Purwar, Manorama B. (6602127625) ;Qorbani, Mostafa (24831040300) ;Quistberg, D. Alex (6507023057) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rafay, Anwar (57212263323) ;Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimi, Kazem (58482212900) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin (8696686900) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa (6507646446) ;Rahman, Mahfuzar (35571661300) ;Ur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz (57202017378) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rahman, Sajjad Ur (15835524800) ;Rai, Rajesh Kumar (51864423900) ;Rajati, Fatemeh (54780507400) ;Ram, Usha (26653819000) ;Ranjan, Prabhat (57200595370) ;Ranta, Anna (26768039500) ;Rao, Puja C. (57191835613) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Reddy, K. Srinath (35417788900) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Reinig, Nickolas (57208577401) ;Reitsma, Marissa Bettay (57208766315) ;Remuzzi, Giuseppe (56466188600) ;Renzaho, Andre M.N. (6505786588) ;Resnikoff, Serge (7006012071) ;Rezaei, Satar (55791003000) ;Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh (55273796300) ;Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P. (57204577960) ;Robinson, Stephen R. (7402673969) ;Roever, Leonardo (56641632800) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Rostami, Ali (59144808300) ;Roth, Gregory A. (55074747400) ;Roy, Ambuj (7402704658) ;Rubagotti, Enrico (57208389589) ;Sachdev, Perminder S. (7102284091) ;Sadat, Nafis (57219687343) ;Saddik, Basema (23020079300) ;Sadeghi, Ehsan (37010381500) ;Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar (56071020000) ;Safari, Hosein (57204236925) ;Safari, Yahya (55700424100) ;Safari-Faramani, Roya (57210821203) ;Safdarian, Mahdi (57203849024) ;Safi, Sare (57219477293) ;Safiri, Saeid (56009654100) ;Sagar, Rajesh (26643103100) ;Sahebkar, Amirhossein (26639699900) ;Sahraian, Mohammad Ali (55886074600) ;Sajadi, Haniye Sadat (57190919153) ;Salam, Nasir (23992664500) ;Salama, Joseph S. (57202975625) ;Salamati, Payman (14045860600) ;Saleem, Komal (58834310300) ;Saleem, Zikria (56179814800) ;Salimi, Yahya (54421017000) ;Salomon, Joshua A. (56745638600) ;Salvi, Sundeep Santosh (7005258777) ;Salz, Inbal (57199623777) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Sang, Yingying (55192664300) ;Santomauro, Damian Francesco (56912450700) ;Santos, Itamar S. (57198312911) ;Santos, João Vasco (57226214352) ;Santric Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi (57204561719) ;Sardana, Mayank (56992882500) ;Sarker, Abdur Razzaque (55908816200) ;Sarrafzadegan, Nizal (6701751316) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Sarvi, Shahabeddin (56168398100) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691) ;Sawant, Arundhati R. (57204568004) ;Sawhney, Monika (57217153893) ;Saxena, Sonia (57203151746) ;Saylan, Mete (56253241700) ;Schaeffner, Elke (6507021741) ;Schmidt, Maria Inês (7404398885) ;Schneider, Ione J.C. (57201292772) ;Schöttker, Ben (37665918200) ;Schwebel, David C. (6603681532) ;Schwendicke, Falk (55639536600) ;Scott, James G. (57218307442) ;Sekerija, Mario (30268005400) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Serván-Mori, Edson (57202594826) ;Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba (57204698893) ;Shabaninejad, Hosein (56047947500) ;Shafieesabet, Azadeh (56964338900) ;Shahbazi, Mehdi (58427375600) ;Shaheen, Amira A. (57202560956) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran (57193608415) ;Shamsi, Mohammadbagher (57204557980) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Sharafi, Heidar (57322506400) ;Sharafi, Kiomars (57194516056) ;Sharif, Mehdi (16022734200) ;Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi (35108018000) ;Sharma, Meenakshi (58730797800) ;Sharma, Rajesh (58228412600) ;She, Jun (57209122131) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Shi, Peilin (57203064901) ;Shibuya, Kenji (8948057900) ;Shigematsu, Mika (23968093000) ;Shiri, Rahman (57200737050) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Shishani, Kawkab (14025005500) ;Shiue, Ivy (35811219800) ;Shokraneh, Farhad (36146063000) ;Shoman, Haitham (57208324664) ;Shrime, Mark G. (57204703404) ;Si, Si (56706979500) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Siddiqi, Tariq J. (57193718539) ;Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora (57195363778) ;Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig (56006396200) ;Silva, João Pedro (7403023631) ;Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves (57190284103) ;Singam, Narayana Sarma Venkata (57204560563) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Singh, Narinder Pal (57211864736) ;Singh, Virendra (57191848598) ;Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609) ;Skiadaresi, Eirini (37100428500) ;Slepak, Erica Leigh N. (57205356367) ;Sliwa, Karen (57207223988) ;Smith, David L. (55574206203) ;Smith, Mari (57195484737) ;Soares Filho, Adauto Martins (49961178500) ;Sobaih, Badr Hasan (57202564080) ;Sobhani, Soheila (57193095221) ;Sobngwi, Eugène (6701427993) ;Soneji, Samir S. (57204096389) ;Soofi, Moslem (56373891000) ;Soosaraei, Masoud (57192700508) ;Sorensen, Reed J.D. (57196918748) ;Soriano, Joan B. (7101973935) ;Soyiri, Ireneous N. (15052406400) ;Sposato, Luciano A. (25640261000) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. (57212263335) ;Srinivasan, Vinay (57196077031) ;Stanaway, Jeffrey D. (57201210928) ;Stein, Dan J. (55769747595) ;Steiner, Caitlyn (57205358084) ;Steiner, Timothy J. (16837503200) ;Stokes, Mark A. (7102859000) ;Stovner, Lars Jacob (57201788390) ;Subart, Michelle L. (57194140438) ;Sudaryanto, Agus (57305372500) ;Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Sunguya, Bruno F. (57209060557) ;Sur, Patrick John (57218360398) ;Sutradhar, Ipsita (57202349742) ;Sykes, Bryan L. (57211183396) ;Sylte, Dillon O. (57211183601) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar (57207799926) ;Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun (56811144600) ;Tandon, Nikhil (7101833756) ;Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel (57204569108) ;Tavakkoli, Mohammad (57202524239) ;Taveira, Nuno (6602731390) ;Taylor, Hugh R. (55550572900) ;Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash (57204006020) ;Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw (57204558037) ;Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey (57204566273) ;Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin (57204237146) ;Temesgen, Habtamu (57205011874) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Temsah, Omar (57204559820) ;Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman (57211144258) ;Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu (57193667629) ;Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (57202955435) ;Thomas, Nihal (7401830494) ;Tilahun, Binyam (57212075730) ;To, Quyen G. (55827789100) ;Tonelli, Marcello (7103102534) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Topouzis, Fotis (57194262710) ;Torre, Anna E. (57196074351) ;Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel (16242320900) ;Touvier, Mathilde (8877033300) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Towbin, Jeffrey A. (7102520568) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Troeger, Christopher E. (57195223624) ;Truelsen, Thomas Clement (57202824565) ;Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis K. (6701721894) ;Tsoi, Derrick (57196074984) ;Tudor Car, Lorainne (48561867100) ;Tuzcu, E. Murat (7005951350) ;Ukwaja, Kingsley N. (57202824584) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Undurraga, Eduardo A. (57204092789) ;Unutzer, Jurgen (7007005108) ;Updike, Rachel L. (57204698680) ;Usman, Muhammad Shariq (57203046075) ;Uthman, Olalekan A. (23026328100) ;Vaduganathan, Muthiah (16417973600) ;Vaezi, Afsane (55698015300) ;Valdez, Pascual R. (57202115577) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (57200592416) ;Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy (56804702100) ;Villafaina, Santos (57195804127) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch (57195959162) ;Vlassov, Vasily (57211633239) ;Vollset, Stein Emil (57196315778) ;Vosoughi, Kia (56199294900) ;Vujcic, Isidora S. (55957120100) ;Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw (57200917385) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Waller, Stephen G. (57201445180) ;Wang, Yafeng (57208674780) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Weiderpass, Elisabete (57205018947) ;Weintraub, Robert G. (7006079405) ;Weiss, Daniel J. (8609275600) ;Weldegebreal, Fitsum (56112812300) ;Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey (57203308107) ;Werdecker, Andrea (57208964895) ;West, T. Eoin (57756844000) ;Whiteford, Harvey A. (55906494000) ;Widecka, Justyna (15047205800) ;Wijeratne, Tissa (14051317700) ;Wilner, Lauren B. (57193699787) ;Wilson, Shadrach (57204557765) ;Winkler, Andrea Sylvia (58323746700) ;Wiyeh, Alison B. (57196222987) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wolfe, Charles D.A. (57202754705) ;Woolf, Anthony D. (7102882171) ;Wu, Shouling (57744442000) ;Wu, Yun-Chun (56095674500) ;Wyper, Grant M.A. (56503829800) ;Xavier, Denis (55403963100) ;Xu, Gelin (57203583113) ;Yadgir, Simon (57192837280) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein (26029029100) ;Yamada, Tomohide (37662679800) ;Yan, Lijing L. (57198311895) ;Yano, Yuichiro (57196965200) ;Yaseri, Mehdi (23029507000) ;Yasin, Yasin Jemal (57204565144) ;Yeshaneh, Alex (57204564144) ;Yimer, Ebrahim M. (57202256312) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yoon, Seok-Jun (24823148900) ;Yotebieng, Marcel (26325950800) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousefifard, Mahmoud (57204566585) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (59866744200) ;Zare, Zohreh (35436578700)Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw (57193096860)Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. Methods: We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting. Findings: Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1-4·6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7·2% (6·0-8·4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7·9% (6·6-9·2) for males and 6·5% (5·4-7·7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs 1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-harm and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]). Interpretation: Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study(2022) ;Frostad, Joseph Jon (57222306717) ;Nguyen, QuynhAnh P. (57211556351) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Marczak, Laurie B. (57200295553) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;LeGrand, Kate E. (57216789066) ;Johnson, Kimberly B. (57207359220) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R. M. (56018773400) ;Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E. (57216675148) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Agrawal, Anurag (59030333500) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500) ;Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour (57213607595) ;Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth (35749450200) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Altirkawi, Khalid A. (57202762923) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. (57193279948) ;Amegah, Adeladza Kofi (55542401600) ;Amini, Saeed (57210811281) ;Amiri, Fatemeh (57201297148) ;Amugsi, Dickson A. (24461463800) ;Ancuceanu, Robert (35728302200) ;Andrei, Catalina Liliana (36543507200) ;Andrei, Tudorel (24179349400) ;Antriyandarti, Ernoiz (57201775415) ;Anvari, Davood (57201259536) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Arab-Zozani, Morteza (57210284593) ;Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin (26653399600) ;Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907) ;Ayano, Getinet (57189617474) ;Aynalem, Yared Asmare (57214332450) ;Azari, Samad (56396696500) ;Badiye, Ashish D. (56340201200) ;Baig, Atif Amin (49460999600) ;Balakrishnan, Kalpana (7103222725) ;Banach, Maciej (22936699500) ;Basu, Sanjay (9335409500) ;Bedi, Neeraj (57988442200) ;Bell, Michelle L. (7401466450) ;Bennett, Derrick A. (57650836400) ;Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266) ;Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. (57415572700) ;Bibi, Sadia (57524553300) ;Bohlouli, Somayeh (56523246300) ;Boufous, Soufiane (6507794444) ;Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi (57212030091) ;Braithwaite, Dejana (7006987079) ;Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina (46961272800) ;Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739) ;Dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano (56373058500) ;Car, Josip (6701783618) ;Cárdenas, Rosario (57216482927) ;Carvalho, Felix (7103070417) ;Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio (12774601300) ;Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700) ;Cerin, Ester (14522064200) ;Chattu, Soosanna Kumary (57209796729) ;Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500) ;Chaturvedi, Pankaj (35547314900) ;Chaturvedi, Sarika (55540347700) ;Chen, Simiao (57203514169) ;Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300) ;Chung, Sheng-Chia (56008137900) ;Dahlawi, Saad M. A. (57189234459) ;Damiani, Giovanni (57218701806) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Darwesh, Aso Mohammad (57199749880) ;Das, Jai K. (55644705500) ;Dash, Aditya Prasad (57205497428) ;Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto (45561136400) ;De Leo, Diego (7006128644) ;De Neve, Jan-Walter (57039962400) ;Demissie, Getu Debalkie (57209744415) ;Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar (25228198700) ;Dey, Sagnik (7402866430) ;Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda (57216324802) ;Dhimal, Meghnath (54941157300) ;Dhungana, Govinda Prasad (24066372700) ;Diaz, Daniel (56644152500) ;Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi (56587933400) ;Dorostkar, Fariba (57214882995) ;Doshmangir, Leila (44261140600) ;Duraes, Andre Rodrigues (30867558600) ;Edinur, Hisham Atan (57287676500) ;Efendi, Ferry (55301269100) ;Tantawi, Maha El (57214851491) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Fadhil, Ibtihal (15047805100) ;Fattahi, Nazir (16642728600) ;Fauk, Nelsensius Klau (57070534400) ;Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad (57202557520) ;Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin (56725310700) ;Foroutan, Masoud (58948371300) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji (25031248900) ;Ghafourifard, Mansour (57193420915) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Gilani, Syed Amir (37008269900) ;Gill, Tiffany K. (8545441900) ;Goulart, Alessandra C. (57201181348) ;Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia (55958854600) ;Grada, Ayman (55797741000) ;Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen (57210795029) ;Guido, Davide (56314778600) ;Guo, Yuming (55712472800) ;Gupta, Rajat Das (57215122060) ;Gupta, Rajeev (55705295300) ;Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma (57200298415) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Hamadeh, Randah R. (57202769526) ;Hasaballah, Ahmed I. (56002305300) ;Hassanipour, Soheil (57191513993) ;Hayat, Khezar (57219918947) ;Heibati, Behzad (55341086000) ;Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza (57204841868) ;Henry, Nathaniel J. (57196076616) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Hsairi, Mohamed (57209033943) ;Hu, Guoqing (57218106596) ;Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel (57212027408) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Irena M. (57210823522) ;Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100) ;Iwu, Chidozie C. D. (57204657478) ;Jaafari, Jalil (55531397900) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (14318929700) ;Javaheri, Tahereh (36102883000) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Ji, John S. (58562329500) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Kabir, Ali (23050698400) ;Kabir, Zubair (57207901718) ;Kalhor, Rohollah (55670548600) ;Kamyari, Naser (57552959000) ;Kanchan, Tanuj (35237157900) ;Kapil, Umesh (7102150974) ;Kapoor, Neeti (56340726700) ;Kayode, Gbenga A. (53463867400) ;Keiyoro, Peter Njenga (57203177260) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khalid, Nauman (57204561542) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Maseer (57215721758) ;Khan, Md Nuruzzaman (57209404949) ;Khatab, Khaled (27267685100) ;Khater, Mona M. (57203308114) ;Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli (25825057100) ;Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295) ;Khubchandani, Jagdish (57211720011) ;Kim, Gyu Ri (57204396981) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kimokoti, Ruth W. (8647554600) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Knibbs, Luke D. (16313525200) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Krishan, Kewal (57202279708) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kumar, Manasi (21739940700) ;Kusuma, Dian (57190047530) ;Vecchia, Carlo La (36063266200) ;Lacey, Ben (7004338442) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Lan, Qing (23970641100) ;Lasrado, Savita (36632480900) ;Lauriola, Paolo (7004129174) ;Lee, Paul H. (57200302692) ;Lewycka, Sonia (57212496031) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Machado, Daiane Borges (56644244100) ;Mahasha, Phetole Walter (28767805500) ;Maheri, Mina (57193338750) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Maleki, Afshin (16402422400) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760) ;Malta, Deborah Carvalho (15835283500) ;Mansouri, Borhan (54417707600) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Martinez, Natalie Maria (57885675200) ;Martini, Santi (57162600900) ;Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio (57204796807) ;Mayala, Benjamin K. (23980407900) ;Mehndiratta, Man Mohan (57202557864) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900) ;Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku (57216203521) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57219008708) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Michalek, Irmina Maria (56982945900) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57216202888) ;Mirzaei, Maryam (56902299800) ;Mirzaei, Roya (55745833800) ;Moazen, Babak (57204324006) ;Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710) ;Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah (55602206500) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar (35617421300) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Morawska, Lidia (7004773965) ;Mosapour, Abbas (16425956900) ;Mouodi, Simin (55372646500) ;Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi (57203634349) ;Mukhopadhyay, Satinath (36342847700) ;Munro, Sandra B. (58209869500) ;Murray, Christopher J. L. (57224556036) ;Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074) ;Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323) ;Nair, Sanjeev (7402726229) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Nascimento, Bruno Ramos (14424406800) ;Nazari, Javad (57207759174) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Netsere, Henok Biresaw (57218199940) ;Ngunjiri, Josephine W. (57195296110) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Noubiap, Jean Jacques (55490374000) ;Oancea, Bogdan (26658614800) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57217186813) ;Oh, In-Hwan (57204090669) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola (57218504682) ;Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun (57222488860) ;Bali, Ahmed Omar (57201273344) ;Onwujekwe, Obinna E. (7003992855) ;Otstavnov, Nikita (57202947262) ;Otstavnov, Stanislav S. (57204561394) ;Owolabi, Mayowa O. (57222581892) ;Mahesh, P.A. (57202421244) ;Pandey, Anamika (55633420800) ;Park, Eun-Cheol (57208356854) ;Park, Eun-Kee (57216814178) ;Patel, Sangram Kishor (58176445200) ;Pham, Hai Quang (57217078995) ;Pilgrim, Thomas (23670489400) ;Pirsaheb, Meghdad (25645282200) ;Pokhrel, Khem Narayan (57189445377) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi (36337182700) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Radfar, Amir (57215049222) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Ur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz (57202017378) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rahmani, Amir Masoud (57204588830) ;Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal (56719695500) ;Rao, Sowmya J. (57195423591) ;Rasella, Davide (36184697300) ;Rastogi, Prateek (16834973600) ;Rath, Goura Kishor (35444818200) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Rawal, Lal (37262106500) ;Rawassizadeh, Reza (36634807900) ;Renzaho, Andre M. N. (6505786588) ;Reshmi, Bhageerathy (58925604800) ;Rezaei, Negar (57218820767) ;Rezaei, Nima (57216077273) ;Rezapour, Aziz (55548281300) ;Rickard, Jennifer (56581573500) ;Roever, Leonardo (56641632800) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Rostamian, Morteza (57219861259) ;Rubagotti, Enrico (57208389589) ;Rwegerera, Godfrey M. (56033523400) ;Saddik, Basema (23020079300) ;Sadeghi, Ehsan (37010381500) ;Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi (57218160157) ;Sagar, Rajesh (26643103100) ;Sahebkar, Amirhossein (26639699900) ;Sahiledengle, Biniyam (57204583027) ;Salem, Marwa Rashad (57194137372) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer (57211312277) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu (54407369300) ;Schwebel, David C. (6603681532) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Shahabi, Saeed (57211581903) ;Shaheen, Amira A. (57202954176) ;Shahid, Izza (57207033505) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shalash, Ali S. (36521728200) ;Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran (57193608415) ;Shannawaz, Mohammed (56349680200) ;Sharafi, Kiomars (57194516056) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Sheikhbahaei, Sara (57219637352) ;Shetty, Ranjitha S. (57219384456) ;Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw (57214329180) ;Shigematsu, Mika (23968093000) ;Shin, Jae Il (57964880100) ;Shivakumar, K.M. (57221603938) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Siddiqi, Tariq Jamal (57193718539) ;Singh, Balbir Bagicha (16680213100) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Sintayehu, Yitagesu (57216204612) ;Sorrie, Muluken Bekele (57195303874) ;Soyiri, Ireneous N. (15052406400) ;Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth (57218543838) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. (57212263335) ;Stockfelt, Leo (26022098300) ;Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57226205764) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tabuchi, Takahiro (55177892400) ;Taherkhani, Amir (57203973738) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (57202955435) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Traini, Eugenio (57211137081) ;Ullah, Saif (57219395828) ;Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran (12790012100) ;Upadhyay, Era (6505961711) ;Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan (57216154072) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vo, Bay (35147075900) ;Vu, Giang Thu (57202424871) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Welgan, Catherine A. (57188448200) ;Werdecker, Andrea (57208964895) ;Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh (57207954055) ;Yaya, Sanni (55191139800) ;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid (56017415700) ;Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu (57212019529) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh (57039201000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yu, Yong (55628587954) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Brauer, Michael (57218330976) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088)Background: More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. Methods: We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. Findings: Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000–257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. Interpretation: Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17(2020) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Miller-Petrie, Molly K. (56387657900) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Johnson, Kimberly B. (57207359220) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abejie, Ayenew Negesse (57203015573) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R. M. (56018773400) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Adamu, Abdu A. (57202024381) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adhikari, Tara Ballav (57209325586) ;Afarideh, Mohsen (56227034300) ;Agudelo-Botero, Marcela (58888387100) ;Ahmadi, Mehdi (16644923000) ;Ahmadi, Keivan (59396073300) ;Ahmed, Anwar E. (58205901100) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie (57203189637) ;Akanda, Ali S. (35290419100) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500) ;Alam, Noore (57202437697) ;Alam, Samiah (57208071722) ;Alamene, Genet Melak (57211135938) ;Alanzi, Turki M. (55978240000) ;Albright, James (57210320079) ;Albujeer, Ammar (57194179553) ;Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth (35749450200) ;Alebel, Animut (57195961302) ;Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw (57202557784) ;Ali, Muhammad (57221004192) ;Alijanzadeh, Mehran (56236864700) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Almasi, Ali (19433600700) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. (8625547100) ;Altirkawi, Khalid A. (57202762923) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. (57193279948) ;Amini, Saeed (57210811281) ;Amit, Arianna Maever L. (57211322011) ;Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera (57193319949) ;Andrei, Catalina Liliana (36543507200) ;Anjomshoa, Mina (57204563282) ;Ansariadi, Ansariadi (57214781054) ;Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. (55247644500) ;Antony, Benny (55776194600) ;Antriyandarti, Ernoiz (57201775415) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Aref, Hany Mohamed Amin (55006485900) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Armoon, Bahram (57191472455) ;Arora, Amit (36676951800) ;Aryal, Krishna K. (57203859052) ;Arzani, Afsaneh (57094774900) ;Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran (58135916600) ;Asmelash, Daniel (57203871244) ;Atalay, Hagos Tasew (57203535974) ;Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin (26653399600) ;Athari, Seyyede Masoume (56026819300) ;Atre, Sachin R. (22933845900) ;Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907) ;Awasthi, Shally (7103192942) ;Awoke, Nefsu (57207257383) ;Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala (55598298700) ;Ayano, Getinet (57189617474) ;Ayanore, Martin Amogre (57070358300) ;Aynalem, Yared Asmare (57214332450) ;Azari, Samad (56396696500) ;Azman, Andrew S. (55515206400) ;Babaee, Ebrahim (57217157164) ;Badawi, Alaa (57216776029) ;Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba (59273166400) ;Bakkannavar, Shankar M. (34970692400) ;Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar (56640778400) ;Banach, Maciej (22936699500) ;Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar (57204568975) ;Barac, Aleksandra (55550748700) ;Barboza, Miguel A. (56650777100) ;Bärnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900) ;Basu, Sanjay (9335409500) ;Bay, Vo Dinh (57218206055) ;Bayati, Mohsen (56906776500) ;Bedi, Neeraj (57988442200) ;Beheshti, Mahya (57208333398) ;Behzadifar, Meysam (59429991000) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Ramirez, Diana Fernanda Bejarano (57218135738) ;Bell, Michelle L. (7401466450) ;Bennett, Derrick A. (57650836400) ;Benzian, Habib (57195256480) ;Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema (57195346523) ;Bernstein, Robert S. (56971681200) ;Bhat, Anusha Ganapati (57208836680) ;Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266) ;Bhaumik, Soumyadeep (55643126300) ;Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. (24342648300) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Bikbov, Boris (57219957158) ;Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin (57216633277) ;Biswas, Raaj Kishore (57194226969) ;Bohlouli, Somayeh (56523246300) ;Boufous, Soufiane (6507794444) ;Brady, Oliver J. (57218716651) ;Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich (57202792237) ;Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich (7004344976) ;Britton, Gabrielle B. (7004997832) ;Brown, Alexandria (57190271927) ;Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina (46961272800) ;Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739) ;Cámera, Luis Alberto (7003354253) ;Campos-Nonato, Ismael R. (57203424784) ;Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano (57203662782) ;Cano, Jorge (7201865982) ;Car, Josip (6701783618) ;Cárdenas, Rosario (57216482927) ;Carvalho, Felix (7103070417) ;Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700) ;Castro, Franz (57204567353) ;Cerin, Ester (14522064200) ;Chalise, Binaya (57201652442) ;Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500) ;Chin, Ken Lee (57216745370) ;Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533) ;Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300) ;Cormier, Natalie Maria (57216638260) ;Costa, Vera Marisa (17134373000) ;Cromwell, Elizabeth A. (15727546000) ;Dadi, Abel Fekadu (57031690900) ;Dahiru, Tukur (57211142921) ;Dahlawi, Saad M. A. (57189234459) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dang, Anh Kim (57195728465) ;Daoud, Farah (57201079837) ;Darwesh, Aso Mohammad (57199749880) ;Darwish, Amira Hamed (57194473558) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Das, Jai K. (55644705500) ;Das Gupta, Rajat (57215122060) ;Dash, Aditya Prasad (7102622168) ;Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto (45561136400) ;Weaver, Nicole Davis (57207958612) ;De La Hoz, Fernando Pio (23134262800) ;De Neve, Jan-Walter (57039962400) ;Demissie, Dereje Bayissa (6507620197) ;Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam (57202214514) ;Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar (25228198700) ;Deribe, Kebede (57193912587) ;Desalew, Assefa (57203766919) ;Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda (57216324802) ;Dhillon, Preeti (55520200200) ;Dhimal, Meghnath (54941157300) ;Dhungana, Govinda Prasad (24066372700) ;Diaz, Daniel (56644152500) ;Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi (56587933400) ;Do, Hoa Thi (57200737094) ;Dolecek, Christiane (35784177100) ;Doyle, Kerrie E. (55693710800) ;Dubljanin, Eleonora (55957442600) ;Duraes, Andre Rodrigues (30867558600) ;Edinur, Hisham Atan (57287676500) ;Effiong, Andem (57213158150) ;Eftekhari, Aziz (56829076800) ;El Nahas, Nevine (57479225600) ;El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa (57203666922) ;El Tantawi, Maha (57214851491) ;Elhabashy, Hala Rashad (34869491800) ;El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. (34869528300) ;El-Khatib, Ziad (54908919000) ;Elkout, Hajer (36102315300) ;Elsharkawy, Aisha (55683285000) ;Enany, Shymaa (23972375400) ;Endalew, Daniel Adane (57211158603) ;Eshrati, Babak (16030619200) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Etemadi, Arash (7004686554) ;Ezekannagha, Oluchi (57192130654) ;Faraon, Emerito Jose A. (57195414019) ;Fareed, Mohammad (24491815600) ;Faro, Andre (36770969600) ;Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611) ;Fasil, Alebachew (57204011210) ;Fazlzadeh, Mehdi (55199878200) ;Feigin, Valery L. (57203677957) ;Fekadu, Wubalem (56955761700) ;Fentahun, Netsanet (56394665400) ;Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad (57202557520) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Flohr, Carsten (57203088709) ;Foigt, Nataliya A. (57216998893) ;Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin (56725310700) ;Foroutan, Masoud (58948371300) ;Franklin, Richard Charles (7201428429) ;Frostad, Joseph Jon (57222306717) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Gad, Mohamed M. (57203749611) ;Garcia, Gregory M. (57203975068) ;Gatotoh, Augustine Mwangi (57218551940) ;Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye (57225049499) ;Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork (57200529247) ;Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea (57204563310) ;Gesesew, Hailay Abrha (56412148300) ;Gezae, Kebede Embaye (57204561611) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Sherbaf, Farzaneh Ghazi (57195630891) ;Gill, Tiffany K. (8545441900) ;Gill, Paramjit Singh (7202766660) ;Ginindza, Themba G. (24468039800) ;Girmay, Alem (59792305600) ;Gizaw, Zemichael (6507324514) ;Goodridge, Amador (55801980200) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Goulart, Alessandra C. (57201181348) ;Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia (55958854600) ;Grada, Ayman (55797741000) ;Green, Manfred S. (7406234940) ;Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen (57210795029) ;Gugnani, Harish Chander (7005567008) ;Guido, Davide (56314778600) ;Guimarães, Rafael Alves (56534712800) ;Guo, Yuming (55712472800) ;Gupta, Rahul (57204120071) ;Gupta, Rajeev (55705295300) ;Ha, Giang Hai (57202970834) ;Haagsma, Juanita A. (57202571125) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Haile, Dessalegn H. (57210826570) ;Haile, Michael Tamene (57204564050) ;Hall, Brian J. (57218302519) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes (57201501075) ;Haririan, Hamidreza (36157009700) ;Hariyani, Ninuk (57190349243) ;Hasaballah, Ahmed I. (56002305300) ;Hasan, Md Mehedi (57213529757) ;Hasanzadeh, Amir (57193162243) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Hayelom, Desta Haftu (57216638000) ;Hegazy, Mohamed I. (35110336200) ;Heibati, Behzad (55341086000) ;Heidari, Behnam (6603217356) ;Hendrie, Delia (6602071966) ;Henok, Andualem (57196451824) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Heydarpour, Fatemeh (57192381690) ;de Hidru, Hagos Degefa (57216634249) ;Hird, Thomas R. (57191433938) ;Hoang, Chi Linh (57205123375) ;Hollerich, Gillian I. (57211311881) ;Hoogar, Praveen (57204240256) ;Hossain, Naznin (57195380270) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Househ, Mowafa (8667908000) ;Hu, Guoqing (57218106596) ;Humayun, Ayesha (25226911300) ;Hussain, Syed Ather (56910575300) ;Hussen, Mamusha Aman A. (57221268448) ;Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel (57212027408) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394) ;Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan (55913164400) ;Iqbal, Usman (55572166900) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100) ;Ivers, Rebecca Q. (55149105300) ;Iwu, Chinwe Juliana (56904084900) ;Jahanmehr, Nader (57203122718) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (14318929700) ;Jalali, Amir (23469738000) ;Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra (57204797176) ;Jenabi, Ensiyeh (15755615100) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jha, Vivekanand (7005119423) ;Ji, John S. (58562329500) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy (21833993700) ;Kabir, Ali (23050698400) ;Kabir, Zubair (57207901718) ;Kanchan, Tanuj (35237157900) ;Karch, André (55917217700) ;Karki, Surendra (55329873800) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie (57209913312) ;Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe (57194854983) ;Kassa, Getachew Mullu (56229895500) ;Kassa, Gebrehiwot G. (57218201847) ;Kayode, Gbenga A. (53463867400) ;Kebede, Mihiretu M. (56781219700) ;Keiyoro, Peter Njenga (57203177260) ;Ketema, Daniel Bekele (57207259667) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif (55608324700) ;Khalid, Nauman (57204561542) ;Khalilov, Rovshan (57193308858) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Junaid (57203436148) ;Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Nuruzzaman (57209404949) ;Khatab, Khaled (27267685100) ;Khater, Mona M. (57203308114) ;Khater, Amir M. (57211138055) ;Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295) ;Khazaei, Mohammad (57204562878) ;Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein (56524167000) ;Khubchandani, Jagdish (57211720011) ;Kiadaliri, Ali (57199100665) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kimokoti, Ruth W. (8647554600) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kochhar, Sonali (57214107714) ;Kolola, Tufa (57191620788) ;Komaki, Hamidreza (56712484800) ;Kosen, Soewarta (57211346192) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Krishan, Kewal (57202279708) ;Defo, Barthelemy Kuate (6602271655) ;Kugbey, Nuworza (57195398167) ;Kumar, Pushpendra (57208849920) ;Anil Kumar, G. (57139550500) ;Kumar, Manasi (21739940700) ;Kusuma, Dian (57190047530) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Lacey, Ben (7004338442) ;Lal, Aparna (55163011100) ;Lal, Dharmesh Kumar (57222488984) ;Lam, Hilton (35484312600) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Lansingh, Van Charles (57209471470) ;Lasrado, Savita (36632480900) ;Lebedev, Georgy (57204560431) ;Lee, Paul H. (57200302692) ;LeGrand, Kate E. (57216789066) ;Leili, Mostafa (57204565987) ;Lenjebo, Tsegaye Lolaso (57212018109) ;Leshargie, Cheru Tesema (57195295462) ;Levine, Aubrey J. (57189577844) ;Lewycka, Sonia (57212496031) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Linn, Shai (7102590173) ;Liu, Shiwei (57209574351) ;Lopez, Jaifred Christian F. (57204721325) ;Lopukhov, Platon D. (57191340780) ;El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd (57216629996) ;Mahadeshwara Prasad, D.R. (57220181627) ;Mahasha, Phetole Walter (28767805500) ;Mahotra, Narayan B. (55924241300) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760) ;Malta, Deborah Carvalho (15835283500) ;Mamun, Abdullah A. (55666602500) ;Manafi, Navid (57190424904) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Mapoma, Chabila Christopher (57208956832) ;Martinez, Gabriel (57208099155) ;Martini, Santi (57162600900) ;Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio (57204796807) ;Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300) ;Mayala, Benjamin K. (23980407900) ;Mazidi, Mohsen (57200232563) ;McAlinden, Colm (35325278500) ;Meharie, Birhanu Geta (57217083932) ;Mehndiratta, Man Mohan (57202557864) ;Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi (56062744400) ;Mehta, Kala M. (7201939418) ;Mekonnen, Teferi (57215662987) ;Mekonnen, Tefera Chane (57193872649) ;Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael (57211140536) ;Meles, Hagazi Gebre (57204559084) ;Memiah, Peter T. N. (57217207827) ;Memish, Ziad A. (7005059350) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900) ;Mereta, Seid Tiku (57203628211) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57219008708) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Metekiya, Workua Mekonnen (57196454928) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Mini, G.K. (12800865800) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57216202888) ;Moazen, Babak (57204324006) ;Mohajer, Bahram (57039225300) ;Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710) ;Mohammad, Dara K. (43161421200) ;Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi (57552959000) ;Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh (57192074472) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mohammed, Jemal Abdu (57211142589) ;Mohammed, Hassen (57204791939) ;Mohebi, Farnam (55633844600) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Moodley, Yoshan (57210652387) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradi, Masoud (56506570100) ;Moradi-Joo, Mohammad (56367798400) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Morales, Linda (57356958400) ;Mosapour, Abbas (16425956900) ;Mosser, Jonathan F. (56111776300) ;Mouodi, Simin (55372646500) ;Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam (56165159700) ;Mozaffor, Miliva (57202792134) ;Munro, Sandra B. (7004622934) ;Muriithi, Moses K. (55824830500) ;Murray, Christopher J. L. (57224556036) ;Musa, Kamarul Imran (57194536466) ;Mustafa, Ghulam (57190395960) ;Muthupandian, Saravanan (54585668500) ;Naderi, Mehdi (57202026927) ;Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074) ;Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323) ;Naik, Gurudatta (56020694000) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Nascimento, Bruno Ramos (14424406800) ;Nazari, Javad (57207759174) ;Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith (36612016600) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Netsere, Henok Biresaw (57218199940) ;Ngunjiri, Josephine W. (57195296110) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Nguyen, Quynhanh P. (57211556351) ;Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu (57202799602) ;Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini (57195329470) ;Nnaji, Chukwudi A. (57204873792) ;Nojomi, Marzieh (22941666400) ;Norheim, Ole F. (7004082597) ;Noubiap, Jean Jacques (55490374000) ;Oancea, Bogdan (26658614800) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57217186813) ;Oh, In-Hwan (57204090669) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola (57218504682) ;Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun (57222488860) ;Onwujekwe, Obinna E. (7003992855) ;Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V. (6505938824) ;Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo (57211311925) ;Osei, Frank B. (24829542600) ;Owolabi, Mayowa O. (57222581892) ;Mahesh, P.A. (57202421244) ;Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300) ;Pakhale, Smita (57220937499) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Park, Eun-Kee (57216814178) ;Patel, Sangram Kishor (58176445200) ;Pathak, Ashish (57220708099) ;Patle, Ajay (57203309187) ;Paulos, Kebreab (57212022022) ;Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino (57216890866) ;Perico, Norberto (56481931200) ;Pervaiz, Aslam (57202521714) ;Pescarini, Julia Moreira (57193612611) ;Pesudovs, Konrad (7004576721) ;Pham, Hai Quang (57217078995) ;Pigott, David M. (55320335600) ;Pilgrim, Thomas (23670489400) ;Pirsaheb, Meghdad (25645282200) ;Poljak, Mario (59832420400) ;Pollock, Ian (57219571880) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Pourmalek, Farshad (8309390500) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Prada, Sergio I. (55259772200) ;Preotescu, Liliana (36011288800) ;Quintana, Hedley (56835362100) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Rabiee, Mohammad (24587922100) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimi, Siavash (59277909000) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa (6507646446) ;Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur (57208867497) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rajati, Fatemeh (54780507400) ;Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal (56719695500) ;Rao, Puja C. (57191835613) ;Rasella, Davide (36184697300) ;Rath, Goura Kishor (35444818200) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Rawal, Lal (37262106500) ;Rawasia, Wasiq Faraz (24822831100) ;Remuzzi, Giuseppe (56466188600) ;Renjith, Vishnu (56468022200) ;Renzaho, Andre M. N. (6505786588) ;Resnikoff, Serge (7006012071) ;Riahi, Seyed Mohammad (57193205976) ;Ribeiro, Ana Isabel (36860251200) ;Rickard, Jennifer (56581573500) ;Roever, Leonardo (56641632800) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Rubagotti, Enrico (57208389589) ;Rubino, Salvatore (55240504800) ;Saad, Anas M. (57143724900) ;Sabour, Siamak (16307842100) ;Sadeghi, Ehsan (37010381500) ;Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi (56071020000) ;Safari, Yahya (55700424100) ;Sagar, Rajesh (26643103100) ;Sahraian, Mohammad Ali (55886074600) ;Mohammad Sajadi, S. (22136195900) ;Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza (55580011800) ;Salam, Nasir (23992664500) ;Saleem, Ahsan (57218544656) ;Salem, Marwa Rashad (57194137372) ;Salem, Hosni (16246117500) ;Salimi, Yahya (54421017000) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Santos, Itamar S. (57198312911) ;Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao (57202052980) ;Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer (57211312277) ;Sarrafzadegan, Nizal (6701751316) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu (54407369300) ;Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691) ;Sawhney, Monika (57217153893) ;Sayyah, Mehdi (10540414200) ;Sbarra, Alyssa N. (57200546253) ;Schaeffer, Lauren E. (57208868098) ;Schwebel, David C. (6603681532) ;Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta (57212584644) ;Senthilkumaran, Subramanian (36191387000) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Serván-Mori, Edson (57202594826) ;Shafieesabet, Azadeh (56964338900) ;Shaheen, Amira A. (57202560956) ;Shahid, Izza (57207033505) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shalash, Ali S. (36521728200) ;Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran (57193608415) ;Shamsi, Mohammadbagher (57204557980) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Shannawaz, Mohammed (56349680200) ;Sharafi, Kiomars (57194516056) ;Sharma, Rajesh (58228412600) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar (7102818010) ;Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw (57214329180) ;Shigematsu, Mika (23968093000) ;Shin, Jae Il (57964880100) ;Shiri, Rahman (57200737050) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Shivakumar, K.M. (57221603938) ;Si, Si (56706979500) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Siddiqi, Tariq Jamal (57193718539) ;Silva, Diego Augusto Santos (36985158000) ;Singh, Balbir Bagicha (16680213100) ;Singh, Ambrish (57214875932) ;Singh, Virendra (57191848598) ;Singh, Narinder Pal (57211864736) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609) ;Sisay, Malede Mequanent (57211322781) ;Skiadaresi, Eirini (37100428500) ;Smith, David L. (55574206203) ;Filho, Adauto Martins Soares (49961178500) ;Sobhiyeh, Mohammad Reza (35280718200) ;Sokhan, Anton (57201637884) ;Soriano, Joan B. (7101973935) ;Sorrie, Muluken Bekele (57195303874) ;Soyiri, Ireneous N. (15052406400) ;Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth (57218543838) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. (57212263335) ;Sudaryanto, Agus (57305372500) ;Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul (55496122500) ;Sykes, Bryan L. (57218362022) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tabuchi, Takahiro (55177892400) ;Tadesse, Degena Bahrey (57213597502) ;Tarigan, Ingan Ukur (54080771800) ;Taye, Bineyam (57210469900) ;Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin (57209732307) ;Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash (57204006020) ;Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wahdey (57204566273) ;Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin (57204237146) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Tesfay, Fisaha Haile (57203977293) ;Tesfay, Berhe Etsay (57211142477) ;Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse (57211312128) ;Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (57202955435) ;Thekkepurakkal, Akhil Soman (56524492000) ;Thomas, Nihal (7401830494) ;Thompson, Robert L. (59050229100) ;Thomson, Alan J. (57969994200) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Traini, Eugenio (57211137081) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran (12790012100) ;Usman, Muhammad Shariq (57203046075) ;Uthman, Olalekan A. (23026328100) ;Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi (57211633289) ;Valdez, Pascual R. (57202115577) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Veisani, Yousef (55370882600) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vollmer, Sebastian (24460878700) ;Whawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel (57220760447) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wallin, Mitchell Taylor (57201573668) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Wang, Yafeng (57208674780) ;Wangdi, Kinley (36469592800) ;Weiss, Daniel J. (8609275600) ;Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay (57211811032) ;Werkneh, Adhena Ayaliew (57195675398) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wiangkham, Taweewat (56829456300) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Wijeratne, Tissa (14051317700) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wolde, Haileab Fekadu (57199530258) ;Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu (57207771936) ;Wonde, Tewodros Eshete (57207759070) ;Worku, Getasew Taddesse (57218197319) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh (57207954055) ;Yamada, Tomohide (37662679800) ;Yaseri, Mehdi (23029507000) ;Yatsuya, Hiroshi (6603908304) ;Yeshaneh, Alex (57204564144) ;Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu (57212019529) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A. (56183368000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zadey, Siddhesh (57188589258) ;Moghadam, Telma Zahirian (57201718494) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zar, Heather J. (7006236599) ;Zerfu, Taddese Alemu (55358278900) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080) ;Zuniga, Yves Miel H. (57194979049) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088)Background: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. Findings: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4–40·7) to 50·3% (50·0–50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1–46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5–29·0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253 000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88·6% (95% UI 87·2–89·7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664–711) of the 1830 (1797–1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76·1% (95% UI 71·6–80·7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53·9% (50·6–59·6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017. Interpretation: Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2020) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Troeger, Christopher E. (57195223624) ;Earl, Lucas (57190371340) ;Munro, Sandra B. (7004622934) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Getaneh (57202422848) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adham, Davoud (55346682700) ;Adhena, Beyene Meressa (57209325570) ;Afarideh, Mohsen (56227034300) ;Ahmadi, Keivan (59396073300) ;Ahmadi, Mehdi (16644923000) ;Ahmed, Anwar E. (58205901100) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Ahmed, Rushdia (57195530549) ;Ajumobi, Olufemi (14033771400) ;Akal, Chalachew Genet (57205385708) ;Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie (57203189637) ;Akanda, Ali S. (35290419100) ;Alamene, Genet Melak (57211135938) ;Alanzi, Turki M. (55978240000) ;Albright, James R. (57210320079) ;Alcalde Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth (35749450200) ;Alemnew, Birhan Tamene (57211138846) ;Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw (57202557784) ;Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir (57208356112) ;Ali, Muhammad (57221004192) ;Alijanzadeh, Mehran (56236864700) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Almasi, Ali (19433600700) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. (8625547100) ;Altirkawi, Khalid (57202762923) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. (57193279948) ;Amare, Azmeraw T. (57202220009) ;Amini, Saeed (57210811281) ;Amit, Arianna Maever Loreche (57211322011) ;Andrei, Catalina Liliana (36543507200) ;Anegago, Masresha Tessema (57216865286) ;Anjomshoa, Mina (57204563282) ;Ansari, Fereshteh (56478531800) ;Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. (55247644500) ;Antriyandarti, Ernoiz (57201775415) ;Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw (57204569403) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Armoon, Bahram (57191472455) ;Aryal, Krishna K. (57203859052) ;Arzani, Afsaneh (57094774900) ;Asadi-Lari, Mohsen (6603191961) ;Ashagre, Alebachew Fasil (57211139593) ;Atalay, Hagos Tasew (57203535974) ;Atique, Suleman (56505419100) ;Atre, Sachin R. (22933845900) ;Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907) ;Avila-Burgos, Leticia (8530790100) ;Awasthi, Ashish (58420926700) ;Awoke, Nefsu (57207257383) ;Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina (55598298700) ;Ayano, Getinet (57189617474) ;Ayanore, Martin Amogre (57070358300) ;Ayele, Asnakew Achaw (57194280930) ;Aynalem, Yared Asmare (57214332450) ;Azari, Samad (56396696500) ;Babaee, Ebrahim (57217157164) ;Badawi, Alaa (57216776029) ;Bakkannavar, Shankar M. (34970692400) ;Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar (56640778400) ;Bali, Ayele Geleto (57204564615) ;Banach, Maciej (22936699500) ;Barac, Aleksandra (55550748700) ;Barnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900) ;Basaleem, Huda (6505771974) ;Bassat, Quique (23024176000) ;Bayati, Mohsen (56906776500) ;Bedi, Neeraj (57988442200) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Behzadifar, Meysam (59429991000) ;Bekele, Yibeltal Alemu (57214868211) ;Bell, Michelle L. (7401466450) ;Bennett, Derrick A. (57650836400) ;Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema (57195346523) ;Beyranvand, Tina (57203000763) ;Bhat, Anusha Ganapati (57208836680) ;Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266) ;Bhattarai, Suraj (55646532200) ;Bhaumik, Soumyadeep (55643126300) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Bikbov, Boris (57219957158) ;Biswas, Raaj Kishore (57194226969) ;Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw (57209212251) ;Bohlouli, Somayeh (56523246300) ;Brady, Oliver J. (57218716651) ;Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi (57212030091) ;Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich (57202792237) ;Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich (7004344976) ;Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath (46961272800) ;Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739) ;Campos-Nonato, Ismael R. (57203424784) ;Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar (6505846919) ;Cárdenas, Rosario (57216482927) ;Carvalho, Felix (7103070417) ;Castro, Franz (57204567353) ;Chansa, Collins (24400981500) ;Chatterjee, Pranab (57202798650) ;Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500) ;Chauhan, Bal Govind (57195315447) ;Chin, Ken Lee (57216745370) ;Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533) ;Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300) ;Claro, Rafael M. (16834671700) ;Cormier, Natalie M. (57216638260) ;Costa, Vera M. (17134373000) ;Damiani, Giovanni (57218701806) ;Daoud, Farah (57201079837) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Darwish, Amira Hamed (57194473558) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Das, Jai K. (55644705500) ;Das Gupta, Rajat (57215122060) ;Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye (57204268402) ;Davila, Claudio Alberto (45561136400) ;Davis Weaver, Nicole (57203300193) ;Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil (57202555163) ;De Neve, Jan-Walter (57039962400) ;Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen (57204717669) ;Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh (57207453281) ;Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam (57202214514) ;Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar (25228198700) ;Deribe, Kebede (57193912587) ;Desalew, Assefa (57203766919) ;Dessie, Getenet Ayalew (57202055866) ;Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda (57216324802) ;Dhillon, Preeti (55520200200) ;Dhimal, Meghnath (54941157300) ;Dhungana, Govinda Prasad (24066372700) ;Diaz, Daniel (56644152500) ;Ding, Eric L. (54413849800) ;Diro, Helen Derara (57204564180) ;Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000) ;Do, Huyen Phuc (57200737094) ;Doku, David Teye (36015210300) ;Dolecek, Christiane (35784177100) ;Dubey, Manisha (57219898654) ;Dubljanin, Eleonora (55957442600) ;Duko Adema, Bereket (56845644100) ;Dunachie, Susanna J. (57225394332) ;Durães, Andre R. (30867558600) ;Duraisamy, Senbagam (58956978800) ;Effiong, Andem (57213158150) ;Eftekhari, Aziz (56829076800) ;El Sayed, Iman (7004479194) ;El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa (57203666922) ;El Tantawi, Maha (57214851491) ;Elemineh, Demelash Abewa (57214777126) ;El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. (34869528300) ;Elkout, Hajer (36102315300) ;Elsharkawy, Aisha (55683285000) ;Enany, Shymaa (23972375400) ;Endalamaw, Aklilu (57202040629) ;Endalew, Daniel Adane (57211158603) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Esteghamati, Alireza (11240321100) ;Etemadi, Arash (7004686554) ;Farag, Tamer H. (16230217600) ;Faraon, Emerito Jose A. (57195414019) ;Fareed, Mohammad (24491815600) ;Faridnia, Roghiyeh (55945212000) ;Farioli, Andrea (57207608705) ;Faro, Andre (36770969600) ;Farzam, Hossein (57202061001) ;Fazaeli, Ali Akbar (57204568731) ;Fazlzadeh, Mehdi (55199878200) ;Fentahun, Netsanet (56394665400) ;Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad (57202557520) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Foroutan, Masoud (58948371300) ;Francis, Joel Msafiri (35198028700) ;Franklin, Richard Charles (7201428429) ;Frostad, Joseph Jon (57222306717) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye (57225049499) ;Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse (57191226393) ;Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork (57200529247) ;Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn (57748459200) ;Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze (57204453564) ;Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea (57204563310) ;Geta, Birhanu (57208190927) ;Gezae, Kebede Embaye (57204561611) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Ghassemi, Fariba (35271776100) ;Gill, Paramjit Singh (7202766660) ;Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed (57192378390) ;Goli, Srinivas (39761832500) ;Gomes, Nelson G.M. (55326199700) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia (55958854600) ;Grada, Ayman (55797741000) ;Gugnani, Harish Chander (7005567008) ;Guido, Davide (56314778600) ;Guimarães, Rafael Alves (56534712800) ;Guo, Yuming (55712472800) ;Gupta, Rahul (57204120071) ;Gupta, Rajeev (55705295300) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Haile, Michael Tamene (57204564050) ;Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa (57219637263) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arya (57226201352) ;Hall, Brian James (57218302519) ;Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes (57201501075) ;Haririan, Hamidreza (36157009700) ;Hariyani, Ninuk (57190349243) ;Hasaballah, Ahmed I. (56002305300) ;Hasan, Md. Mehedi (57213529757) ;Hasanzadeh, Amir (57193162243) ;Hassankhani, Hadi (26436359700) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Hayelom, Desta Haftu (57216638000) ;Heidari, Behnam (6603217356) ;Henry, Nathaniel J. (57196076616) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Heydarpour, Fatemeh (57192381690) ;de Hidru, Hagos D. (57216634249) ;Hoang, Chi Linh (57205123375) ;Hoogar, Praveen (57204240256) ;Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi, Mojtaba (57003517600) ;Hossain, Naznin (57195380270) ;Hosseini, Mostafa (57204569481) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Househ, Mowafa (8667908000) ;Hu, Guoqing (57218106596) ;Humayun, Ayesha (25226911300) ;Hussain, Syed Ather (56910575300) ;Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel (57212027408) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394) ;Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja (55988289600) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100) ;Iwu, Chinwe Juliana (56904084900) ;Jaca, Anelisa (57191066193) ;Jafari Balalami, Nader (57211139609) ;Jahanmehr, Nader (57203122718) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (14318929700) ;Jalali, Amir (23469738000) ;Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra (57204797176) ;Jenabi, Ensiyeh (15755615100) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jha, Vivekanand (7005119423) ;Ji, John S. (58562329500) ;Jia, Peng (55092981100) ;Johnson, Kimberly B. (57207359220) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Jóźwiak, Jacek Jerzy (21833993700) ;Kabir, Ali (23050698400) ;Kabir, Zubair (57207901718) ;Kahsay, Amaha (57216608121) ;Kalani, Hamed (54984350500) ;Kanchan, Tanuj (35237157900) ;Karami Matin, Behzad (56943457000) ;Karch, Andre (55917217700) ;Karki, Surendra (55329873800) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie (57209913312) ;Kayode, Gbenga A. (53463867400) ;Kazemi Karyani, Ali (56664511600) ;Keiyoro, Peter Njenga (57203177260) ;Ketema, Daniel Bekele (57207259667) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif (55608324700) ;Khalid, Nauman (57204561542) ;Khalil, Ali Talha (55978863400) ;Khalil, Ibrahim (58255049500) ;Khalilov, Rovshan (57193308858) ;Khan, Md Nuruzzaman (57209404949) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Gulfaraz (6701635515) ;Khan, Junaid (57203436148) ;Khatab, Khaled (27267685100) ;Khater, Amir (57211138055) ;Khater, Mona M. (57203308114) ;Khatony, Alireza (32667760800) ;Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295) ;Khazaei, Mohammad (57204562878) ;Khazaei, Salman (55420466900) ;Khodamoradi, Ehsan (23094184200) ;Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein (56524167000) ;Khubchandani, Jagdish (57211720011) ;Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A. (57199100665) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kimokoti, Ruth W. (8647554600) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Kissoon, Niranjan (7006364038) ;Kondlahalli, Shivakumar K.M. (57221603938) ;Kosek, Margaret N. (6701330606) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kraemer, Moritz U.G. (56308225600) ;Krishan, Kewal (57202279708) ;Kugbey, Nuworza (57195398167) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kumar, Manasi (21739940700) ;Kumar, Pushpendra (57208849920) ;Kusuma, Dian (57190047530) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Lacey, Ben (7004338442) ;Lal, Aparna (55163011100) ;Lal, Dharmesh Kumar (57222488984) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Lansingh, Van C. (57209471470) ;Lasrado, Savita (36632480900) ;Lee, Paul H. (57200302692) ;Leili, Mostafa (57204565987) ;Lenjebo, Tsegaye Lolaso (57212018109) ;Levine, Aubrey J. (57189577844) ;Lewycka, Sonia (57212496031) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Linn, Shai (7102590173) ;Lodha, Rakesh (7007019609) ;Longbottom, Joshua (56785671300) ;Lopukhov, Platon D. (57191340780) ;Magdeldin, Sameh (22634774300) ;Mahasha, Phetole Walter (28767805500) ;Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur (55924241300) ;Malta, Deborah Carvalho (15835283500) ;Mamun, Abdullah A. (55666602500) ;Manafi, Farzad (55351495800) ;Manafi, Navid (57190424904) ;Manda, Ana-Laura (57204567674) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Mapoma, Chabila Christopher (57208956832) ;Marami, Dadi (57200546490) ;Marczak, Laurie B. (57200295553) ;Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio (57204796807) ;März, Winfried (57220877383) ;Masaka, Anthony (57204084551) ;Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300) ;Maulik, Pallab K. (7005919685) ;Mayala, Benjamin K. (23980407900) ;McAlinden, Colm (35325278500) ;Mehndiratta, Man Mohan (57202557864) ;Mehrotra, Ravi (7203045563) ;Mehta, Kala M. (7201939418) ;Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael (57211140536) ;Melese, Addisu (56901393600) ;Memish, Ziad A. (7005059350) ;Mena, Alemayehu Toma (57212025187) ;Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900) ;Mengesha, Melkamu Merid (57192953602) ;Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese (57194776802) ;Mengistu, Getnet (57193539632) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57219008708) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu M. (57214781514) ;Miller-Petrie, Molly K. (56387657900) ;Mills, Edward J. (57205301363) ;Mir, Seyed Mostafa (56715133100) ;Mirabi, Parvaneh (51864302500) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57216202888) ;Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Amjad (57192238333) ;Mohammad, Dara K. (43161421200) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710) ;Mohammad Darwesh, Aso (57209007333) ;Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser (57552959000) ;Mohammadifard, Noushin (23110866700) ;Mohammed, Ammas Siraj (57211140223) ;Mohammed, Jemal Abdu (57211142589) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mohebi, Farnam (55633844600) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moodley, Yoshan (57210652387) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradi, Masoud (56506570100) ;Moradi-Joo, Mohammad (56367798400) ;Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar (35617421300) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Mosapour, Abbas (16425956900) ;Mouodi, Simin (55372646500) ;Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam (56165159700) ;Mozaffor, Miliva (57202792134) ;Muluneh, Atalay Goshu (57208013708) ;Muriithi, Moses K. (55824830500) ;Murray, Christopher J.L. (55481130700) ;Murthy, G.V.S. (7101778322) ;Musa, Kamarul Imran (57194536466) ;Mustafa, Ghulam (57190395960) ;Muthupandian, Saravanan (54585668500) ;Naderi, Mehdi (57202026927) ;Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074) ;Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323) ;Najafi, Farid (21743304900) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Nazari, Javad (57207759174) ;Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith (36612016600) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Ngunjiri, Josephine W. (57195296110) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, QuynhAnh P. (57211556351) ;Nguyen, Trang Huyen (59142352200) ;Nigatu, Dabere (56275854800) ;Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini (57195329470) ;Nnaji, Chukwudi A. (57204873792) ;Nojomi, Marzieh (22941666400) ;Noubiap, Jean Jacques (55490374000) ;Oh, In-Hwan (57204090669) ;Okpala, Oluchi (26323868100) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Omar Bali, Ahmed (57201273344) ;Onwujekwe, Obinna E. (7003992855) ;Ortega-Altamirano, Doris D.V. (6505938824) ;Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo (57211311925) ;Osei, Frank B. (24829542600) ;Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo (57222581892) ;Mahesh, P.A. (57202421244) ;Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Pashaei, Tahereh (54950121600) ;Pati, Sanghamitra (55441302100) ;Patle, Ajay (57203309187) ;Patton, George C. (7102184358) ;Paulos, Kebreab (57212022022) ;Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino (57216890866) ;Pereira, Alexandre (7402230187) ;Perico, Norberto (56481931200) ;Pesudovs, Konrad (7004576721) ;Pigott, David M. (55320335600) ;Piroozi, Bakhtiar (57188976684) ;Platts-Mills, James A. (8540918800) ;Poljak, Mario (55142297400) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Pourjafar, Hadi (54881252100) ;Pourmalek, Farshad (8309390500) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Poustchi, Hossein (8622806500) ;Prada, Sergio I. (55259772200) ;Preotescu, Liliana (36011288800) ;Quintana, Hedley (56835362100) ;Rabiee, Mohammad (24587922100) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa (6507646446) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rajati, Fatemeh (54780507400) ;Ramezanzadeh, Kiana (57200621924) ;Rana, Saleem M. (57204884092) ;Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal (56719695500) ;Rasella, Davide (36184697300) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Rawal, Lal (37262106500) ;Remuzzi, Giuseppe (56466188600) ;Renjith, Vishnu (56468022200) ;Renzaho, Andre M.N. (6505786588) ;Reta, Melese Abate (57219956463) ;Rezaei, Satar (55791003000) ;Ribeiro, Ana Isabel (36860251200) ;Rickard, Jennifer (56581573500) ;Rios González, Carlos Miguel (57194781192) ;Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus (57208577330) ;Roever, Leonardo (56641632800) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Roro, Elias Merdassa (57203038680) ;Rostami, Ali (7005439033) ;Rothenbacher, Dietrich (7004765162) ;Rubagotti, Enrico (57208389589) ;Rubino, Salvatore (55240504800) ;Saad, Anas M. (57143724900) ;Sabour, Siamak (16307842100) ;Sadeghi, Ehsan (37010381500) ;Safari, Saeed (55549255200) ;Safdarian, Mahdi (57203849024) ;Sagar, Rajesh (26643103100) ;Sahraian, Mohammad Ali (55886074600) ;Sajadi, S. Mohammad (22136195900) ;Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza (55580011800) ;Salam, Nasir (23992664500) ;Salehi, Farkhonde (57211142013) ;Salehi Zahabi, Saleh (57208184518) ;Salem, Hosni (16246117500) ;Salem, Marwa R. Rashad (57194137372) ;Salimi, Yahya (54421017000) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Sambala, Evanson Zondani (36718133800) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Santos, Itamar S. (57198312911) ;Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer (57211312277) ;Sarker, Abdur Razzaque (55908816200) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691) ;Sbarra, Alyssa N. (57200546253) ;Schaeffer, Lauren E. (57208868098) ;Schwebel, David C. (6603681532) ;Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta (57212584644) ;Senthilkumaran, Subramanian (36191387000) ;Shabaninejad, Hosein (56047947500) ;Shaheen, Amira A. (57202560956) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shalash, Ali S. (36521728200) ;Shallo, Seifadin Ahmed (57210789508) ;Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran (57193608415) ;Shamsi, Mohammad Bagher (57204557980) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Sharif, Mehdi (16022734200) ;Shey, Muki Shehu (10138820000) ;Shibuya, Kenji (8948057900) ;Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw (57214329180) ;Shigematsu, Mika (23968093000) ;Shil, Apurba (59351162700) ;Shin, Jae Il (57964880100) ;Shiri, Rahman (57200737050) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Si, Si (56706979500) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Singh, Narinder Pal (57211864736) ;Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609) ;Sisay, Malede Mequanent (57211322781) ;Skiadaresi, Eirini (37100428500) ;Smith, David L. (55574206203) ;Sobhiyeh, Mohammad Reza (35280718200) ;Sokhan, Anton (57201637884) ;Soofi, Moslem (56373891000) ;Soriano, Joan B. (7101973935) ;Sorrie, Muluken Bekele (57195303874) ;Soyiri, Ireneous N. (15052406400) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. (57212263335) ;Sudaryanto, Agus (57305372500) ;Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul (55496122500) ;Sykes, Bryan L. (57211183396) ;Tamirat, Koku Sisay (57204562393) ;Tassew, Aberash Abay (57204559404) ;Taveira, Nuno (6602731390) ;Taye, Bineyam (57210469900) ;Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash (57204006020) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Tesfay, Berhe Etsay (57211142477) ;Tesfay, Fisaha Haile (57203977293) ;Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse (57211312128) ;Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (57202955435) ;Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish (54407369300) ;Thomas, Nihal (7401830494) ;Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh (57205240663) ;Tlou, Boikhutso (56554117100) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Traini, Eugenio (57211137081) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Trihandini, Indang (8449988100) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran (12790012100) ;Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel (57216154072) ;Valdez, Pascual R. (57202115577) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Veisani, Yousef (55370882600) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vollmer, Sebastian (24460878700) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Wada, Fiseha Wadilo (57194049305) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wang, Yafeng (57208674780) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay (57211811032) ;Welgan, Catherine A. (57188448200) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wiangkham, Taweewat (56829456300) ;Wijeratne, Tissa (14051317700) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wolde, Haileab Fekadu (57199530258) ;Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu (57207771936) ;Wonde, Tewodros Eshete (57207759070) ;Wu, Ai-Min (57203702647) ;Xu, Gelin (57203583113) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein (26029029100) ;Yamada, Tomohide (37662679800) ;Yaseri, Mehdi (23029507000) ;Yenesew, Muluken Azage (39361108000) ;Yeshaneh, Alex (57204564144) ;Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu (57212019529) ;Yimer, Ebrahim M. (57204849530) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn (49664327400) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A. (56183368000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos (57193255530) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw (57193096860) ;Zepro, Nejimu Biza (57193095335) ;Zewale, Taye Abuhay (57209219258) ;Zhang, Dongyu (57216327764) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhao, Xiu-Ju (8360350900) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080)Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. Findings The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. Interpretation By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17(2020) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Johnson, Kimberly B. (57207359220) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Schaeffer, Lauren E. (57208868098) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abejie, Ayenew Negesse (57203015573) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adamu, Abdu A. (57202024381) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adhena, Beyene Meressa (57209325570) ;Afarideh, Mohsen (56227034300) ;Ahmad, Sohail (57214884975) ;Ahmadi, Keivan (59396073300) ;Ahmed, Anwar E. (58205901100) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Ahmed, Rushdia (57195530549) ;Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie (57203189637) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500) ;Alam, Noore (57202437697) ;Alam, Samiah (57208071722) ;Alamene, Genet Melak (57211135938) ;Alanzi, Turki M. (55978240000) ;Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth (35749450200) ;Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir (57208356112) ;Alijanzadeh, Mehran (56236864700) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Almasi, Ali (19433600700) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. (8625547100) ;Altirkawi, Khalid A. (57202762923) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. (57193279948) ;Amini, Saeed (57210811281) ;Amit, Arianna Maever L. (57211322011) ;Andrei, Catalina Liliana (36543507200) ;Anjomshoa, Mina (57204563282) ;Anoushiravani, Amir (16038674600) ;Ansari, Fereshteh (56478531800) ;Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. (55247644500) ;Antony, Benny (55776194600) ;Antriyandarti, Ernoiz (57201775415) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Aref, Hany Mohamed Amin (55006485900) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Armoon, Bahram (57191472455) ;Arora, Amit (36676951800) ;Aryal, Krishna K. (57203859052) ;Arzani, Afsaneh (57094774900) ;Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran (58135916600) ;Atalay, Hagos Tasew (57203535974) ;Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin (26653399600) ;Athari, Seyyede Masoume (56026819300) ;Atre, Sachin R. (22933845900) ;Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907) ;Awoke, Nefsu (57207257383) ;Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina (55598298700) ;Ayano, Getinet (57189617474) ;Ayanore, Martin Amogre (57070358300) ;Aynalem, Yared Asmare (57214332450) ;Azari, Samad (56396696500) ;Azzopardi, Peter S. (56861081000) ;Babaee, Ebrahim (57217157164) ;Babalola, Tesleem Kayode (57196078601) ;Badawi, Alaa (57216776029) ;Bairwa, Mohan (50461080100) ;Bakkannavar, Shankar M. (34970692400) ;Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar (56640778400) ;Bali, Ayele Geleto (57204564615) ;Banach, Maciej (22936699500) ;Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar (57204568975) ;Barac, Aleksandra (55550748700) ;Bärnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900) ;Basaleem, Huda (6505771974) ;Basu, Sanjay (9335409500) ;Bay, Vo Dinh (57218206055) ;Bayati, Mohsen (56906776500) ;Baye, Estifanos (57211220426) ;Bedi, Neeraj (57988442200) ;Beheshti, Mahya (57208333398) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Behzadifar, Meysam (59429991000) ;Bekele, Bayu Begashaw (57196083941) ;Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche (58786721200) ;Bell, Michelle L. (7401466450) ;Bennett, Derrick A. (57650836400) ;Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema (57195346523) ;Bernstein, Robert S. (56971681200) ;Bhat, Anusha Ganapati (57208836680) ;Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266) ;Bhattarai, Suraj (55646532200) ;Bhaumik, Soumyadeep (55643126300) ;Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. (24342648300) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Bikbov, Boris (57219957158) ;Birihane, Binyam Minuye (57218875894) ;Biswas, Raaj Kishore (57194226969) ;Bohlouli, Somayeh (56523246300) ;Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa (57211141151) ;Boufous, Soufiane (6507794444) ;Brady, Oliver J. (57218716651) ;Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi (57212030091) ;Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich (57202792237) ;Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich (7004344976) ;Britton, Gabrielle B. (7004997832) ;Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath (46961272800) ;Busse, Reinhard (35589070800) ;Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739) ;Cámera, Luis Alberto (7003354253) ;Campos-Nonato, Ismael R. (57203424784) ;Cano, Jorge (7201865982) ;Car, Josip (6701783618) ;Cárdenas, Rosario (57216482927) ;Carvalho, Felix (7103070417) ;Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700) ;Castro, Franz (57204567353) ;Chanie, Wagaye Fentahun (57211137540) ;Chatterjee, Pranab (57202798650) ;Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500) ;Chichiabellu, Tesfaye Yitna (57195759246) ;Chin, Ken Lee (57216745370) ;Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533) ;Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300) ;Cormier, Natalie Maria (57216638260) ;Costa, Vera Marisa (17134373000) ;Culquichicon, Carlos (57193857917) ;Daba, Matiwos Soboka (57218820806) ;Damiani, Giovanni (57218701806) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Dang, Anh Kim (57195728465) ;Darwesh, Aso Mohammad (57199749880) ;Darwish, Amira Hamed (57194473558) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Das, Jai K. (55644705500) ;Das Gupta, Rajat (57215122060) ;Dash, Aditya Prasad (7102622168) ;Davey, Gail (7102000901) ;Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto (45561136400) ;Davis, Adrian C. (7404296836) ;Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil (57202555163) ;De la Hoz, Fernando Pio (23134262800) ;Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh (57207453281) ;Demissie, Dereje Bayissa (6507620197) ;Demissie, Getu Debalkie (57209744415) ;Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam (57202214514) ;Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar (25228198700) ;Deribe, Kebede (57193912587) ;Desalew, Assefa (57203766919) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda (57216324802) ;Dhillon, Preeti (55520200200) ;Dhimal, Meghnath (54941157300) ;Dhungana, Govinda Prasad (24066372700) ;Diaz, Daniel (56644152500) ;Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi (56587933400) ;Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000) ;Doyle, Kerrie E. (55693710800) ;Dubljanin, Eleonora (55957442600) ;Duko, Bereket (56845644100) ;Duraes, Andre Rodrigues (30867558600) ;Ebrahimi Kalan, Mohammad (57201131024) ;Edinur, Hisham Atan (57287676500) ;Effiong, Andem (57213158150) ;Eftekhari, Aziz (56829076800) ;El Nahas, Nevine (57479225600) ;El Sayed, Iman (7004479194) ;El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa (57203666922) ;El Tantawi, Maha (57214851491) ;Elema, Teshome Bekele (57220760769) ;Elhabashy, Hala Rashad (34869491800) ;El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. (34869528300) ;Elkout, Hajer (36102315300) ;Elsharkawy, Aisha (55683285000) ;Elyazar, Iqbal R.F. (6506894785) ;Endalamaw, Aklilu (57202040629) ;Endalew, Daniel Adane (57211158603) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Esteghamati, Alireza (11240321100) ;Esteghamati, Sadaf (54906169400) ;Etemadi, Arash (7004686554) ;Ezekannagha, Oluchi (57192130654) ;Fareed, Mohammad (24491815600) ;Faridnia, Roghiyeh (55945212000) ;Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611) ;Fazlzadeh, Mehdi (55199878200) ;Feigin, Valery L. (57203677957) ;Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad (57202557520) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Foigt, Nataliya A. (57216998893) ;Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin (56725310700) ;Foroutan, Masoud (58948371300) ;Franklin, Richard Charles (7201428429) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Gad, Mohamed M. (57203749611) ;Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye (57225049499) ;Gebre, Teshome (57202565005) ;Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork (57200529247) ;Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn (57748459200) ;Gesesew, Hailay Abrha (56412148300) ;Gezae, Kebede Embaye (57204561611) ;Ghadiri, Keyghobad (55409170000) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Ghimire, Pramesh Raj (57194900107) ;Gill, Paramjit Singh (7202766660) ;Gill, Tiffany K. (8545441900) ;Ginindza, Themba G. (24468039800) ;Gomes, Nelson G.M. (55326199700) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Goulart, Alessandra C. (57201181348) ;Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia (55958854600) ;Grada, Ayman (55797741000) ;Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen (57210795029) ;Gugnani, Harish Chander (7005567008) ;Guido, Davide (56314778600) ;Guimarães, Rafael Alves (56534712800) ;Guo, Yuming (55712472800) ;Gupta, Rajeev (55705295300) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Haile, Dessalegn H. (57210826570) ;Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa (57219637263) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arya (57226201352) ;Hamadeh, Randah R. (57202769526) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes (57201501075) ;Haririan, Hamidreza (36157009700) ;Hariyani, Ninuk (57190349243) ;Hasaballah, Ahmed I. (56002305300) ;Hasan, Md Mehedi (57213529757) ;Hasanpoor, Edris (56049728500) ;Hasanzadeh, Amir (57193162243) ;Hassankhani, Hadi (26436359700) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Hegazy, Mohamed I. (35110336200) ;Heibati, Behzad (55341086000) ;Heidari, Behnam (6603217356) ;Hendrie, Delia (6602071966) ;Henry, Nathaniel J. (57196076616) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Heydarpour, Fatemeh (57192381690) ;Hidru, Hagos Degefa De (57211135644) ;Hird, Thomas R. (57191433938) ;Hoang, Chi Linh (57205123375) ;Homaie Rad, Enayatollah (57196329821) ;Hoogar, Praveen (57204240256) ;Hoseini, Mohammad (55531569700) ;Hossain, Naznin (57195380270) ;Hosseini, Mostafa (57204569481) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Househ, Mowafa (8667908000) ;Hsairi, Mohamed (57209033943) ;Hu, Guoqing (57218106596) ;Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama (56125214500) ;Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel (57212027408) ;Igumbor, Ehimario U. (26537691100) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394) ;Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan (55913164400) ;Iqbal, Usman (55572166900) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100) ;Iwu, Chinwe Juliana (56904084900) ;Izadi, Neda (55700229700) ;Jaca, Anelisa (57191066193) ;Jahanmehr, Nader (57203122718) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (14318929700) ;Jalali, Amir (23469738000) ;Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra (57204797176) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jha, Vivekanand (7005119423) ;Ji, John S. (58562329500) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy (21833993700) ;Kabir, Ali (23050698400) ;Kabir, Zubair (57207901718) ;Kahsay, Amaha (57216608121) ;Kalani, Hamed (54984350500) ;Kanchan, Tanuj (35237157900) ;Karami Matin, Behzad (56943457000) ;Karch, André (55917217700) ;Karim, Mohd Anisul (57221264054) ;Karimi-Sari Surendra Karki, Hamidreza (56524603600) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie (57209913312) ;Kasahun, Yawukal Chane (57201654590) ;Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe (57194854983) ;Kassa, Gebrehiwot G. (57218201847) ;Kassa, Getachew Mullu (56229895500) ;Kayode, Gbenga A. (53463867400) ;Kazemi Karyani, Ali (56664511600) ;Kebede, Mihiretu M. (56781219700) ;Keiyoro, Peter Njenga (57203177260) ;Kelbore, Abraham Getachew (56798540800) ;Kengne, Andre Pascal (7801322838) ;Ketema, Daniel Bekele (57207259667) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif (55608324700) ;Khalid, Nauman (57204561542) ;Khalilov, Rovshan (57193308858) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Junaid (57203436148) ;Khan, Md Nuruzzaman (57209404949) ;Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb (55808731000) ;Khatab, Khaled (27267685100) ;Khater, Amir M. (57211138055) ;Khater, Mona M. (57203308114) ;Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295) ;Khazaei, Mohammad (57204562878) ;Khazaei, Salman (55420466900) ;Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein (56524167000) ;Khubchandani, Jagdish (57211720011) ;Kiadaliri, Ali (57199100665) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kimokoti, Ruth W. (8647554600) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Kissoon, Niranjan (7006364038) ;Shivakumar, K.M. (57221603938) ;Kochhar, Sonali (57214107714) ;Kolola, Tufa (57191620788) ;Komaki, Hamidreza (56712484800) ;Kosen, Soewarta (57211346192) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kraemer, Moritz U.G. (56308225600) ;Krishan, Kewal (57202279708) ;Kugbey, Nuworza (57195398167) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kumar, Manasi (21739940700) ;Kumar, Pushpendra (57208849920) ;Kumar, Vivek (57459719500) ;Kusuma, Dian (57190047530) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Lacey, Ben (7004338442) ;Lad, Sheetal D. (57204569391) ;Lal, Dharmesh Kumar (57222488984) ;Lam, Felix (56537909500) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Lamichhane, Prabhat (37120565400) ;Lansingh, Van Charles (57209471470) ;Lasrado, Savita (36632480900) ;Laxmaiah, Avula (57203210441) ;Lee, Paul H. (57200302692) ;LeGrand, Kate E. (57216789066) ;Leili, Mostafa (57204565987) ;Lenjebo, Tsegaye Lolaso (57212018109) ;Leshargie, Cheru Tesema (57195295462) ;Levine, Aubrey J. (57189577844) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Linn, Shai (7102590173) ;Liu, Shiwei (57209574351) ;Liu, Simin (35269621400) ;Lodha, Rakesh (7007019609) ;Longbottom, Joshua (56785671300) ;Lopez, Jaifred Christian F. (57204721325) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan (57195948985) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed (57201191366) ;Mahadeshwara Prasad, DR. (57220761907) ;Mahasha, Phetole Walter (28767805500) ;Mahotra, Narayan B. (55924241300) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760) ;Malta, Deborah Carvalho (15835283500) ;Mamun, Abdullah A. (55666602500) ;Manafi, Navid (57190424904) ;Manda, Ana Laura (57204567674) ;Manohar, Narendar Dawani Dawanu (57195677823) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Mapoma, Chabila Christopher (57208956832) ;Maravilla, Joemer C. (57008289000) ;Martinez, Gabriel (57208099155) ;Martini, Santi (57162600900) ;Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio (57204796807) ;Masaka, Anthony (57204084551) ;Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard (55859007400) ;Mathur, Manu Raj (55270329300) ;Mayala, Benjamin K. (23980407900) ;Mazidi, Mohsen (57200232563) ;McAlinden, Colm (35325278500) ;Meharie, Birhanu Geta (57217083932) ;Mehndiratta, Man Mohan (57202557864) ;Mehta, Kala M. (7201939418) ;Mekonnen, Tefera Chane (57193872649) ;Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael (57211140536) ;Memiah, Peter T.N. (57217207827) ;Memish, Ziad A. (7005059350) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900) ;Mereta, Seid Tiku (57203628211) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57219008708) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu (57214781514) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Mini, G.K. (12800865800) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57216202888) ;Moazen, Babak (57204324006) ;Mohajer, Bahram (57039225300) ;Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Amjad (57192238333) ;Mohammad, Dara K. (43161421200) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710) ;Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser (57552959000) ;Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh (57192074472) ;Mohammadifard, Noushin (23110866700) ;Mohammed, Jemal Abdu (57211142589) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mohebi, Farnam (55633844600) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Molokhia, Mariam (7004121920) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moodley, Yoshan (57210652387) ;Moore, Catrin E. (57195934063) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradi, Masoud (56506570100) ;Moradi-Joo, Mohammad (56367798400) ;Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar (35617421300) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Morales, Linda (57356958400) ;Moreno Velásquez, Ilais (56499291900) ;Mosapour, Abbas (16425956900) ;Mouodi, Simin (55372646500) ;Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam (56165159700) ;Mozaffor, Miliva (57202792134) ;Muchie, Kindie Fentahun (57194458469) ;Mulaw, Getahun Fentaw (57218820812) ;Munro, Sandra B. (7004622934) ;Muriithi, Moses K. (55824830500) ;Murray, Christoper J.L. (57224556036) ;Murthy, G.V.S. (7101778322) ;Musa, Kamarul Imran (57194536466) ;Mustafa, Ghulam (57190395960) ;Muthupandian, Saravanan (54585668500) ;Nabhan, Ashraf F. (55880870200) ;Naderi, Mehdi (57202026927) ;Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074) ;Naidoo, Kovin S. (35564549000) ;Naik, Gurudatta (56020694000) ;Najafi, Farid (21743304900) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Nansseu, Jobert Richie (55548984700) ;Nascimento, Bruno Ramos (14424406800) ;Nazari, Javad (57207759174) ;Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith (36612016600) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Netsere, Henok Biresaw (57218199940) ;Ngunjiri, Josephine W. (57195296110) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Nguyen, Trang Huyen (59142352200) ;Nigatu, Dabere (56275854800) ;Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu (57202799602) ;Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini (57195329470) ;Nnaji, Chukwudi A. (57204873792) ;Nojomi, Marzieh (22941666400) ;Nong, Vuong Minh (55507077200) ;Norheim, Ole F. (7004082597) ;Noubiap, Jean Jacques (55490374000) ;Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya (57138515700) ;Oancea, Bogdan (26658614800) ;Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel (8871875400) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57217186813) ;Oh, In-Hwan (57204090669) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olagunju, Tinuke O. (57203076824) ;Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola (57218504682) ;Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun (57222488860) ;Onwujekwe, Obinna E. (7003992855) ;Oren, Eyal (36815569400) ;Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V. (6505938824) ;Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo (57211311925) ;Osei, Frank B. (24829542600) ;Owolabi, Mayowa O. (57222581892) ;P A, Mahesh (57195664371) ;Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300) ;Pakhale, Smita (57220937499) ;Patel, Sangram Kishor (58176445200) ;Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J. (35769665400) ;Pathak, Ashish (57220708099) ;Patton, George C. (7102184358) ;Paudel, Deepak (57207871851) ;Paulos, Kebreab (57212022022) ;Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino (57216890866) ;Pereira, Alexandre (7402230187) ;Perico, Norberto (56481931200) ;Pervaiz, Aslam (57202521714) ;Pescarini, Julia Moreira (57193612611) ;Piroozi, Bakhtiar (57188976684) ;Pirsaheb, Meghdad (25645282200) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Pourjafar, Hadi (54881252100) ;Pourmalek, Farshad (8309390500) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Poustchi, Hossein (8622806500) ;Prada, Sergio I. (55259772200) ;Prasad, Narayan (23028765700) ;Preotescu, Liliana (36011288800) ;Quintana, Hedley (56835362100) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin (8696686900) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa (6507646446) ;Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur (57208867497) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rahman, Shafiur (57194542851) ;Rajati, Fatemeh (54780507400) ;Rana, Saleem Muhammad (57204884092) ;Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal (56719695500) ;Rasella, Davide (36184697300) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Rawal, Lal (37262106500) ;Rawasia, Wasiq Faraz (24822831100) ;Renjith, Vishnu (56468022200) ;Renzaho, Andre M.N. (6505786588) ;Resnikoff, Serge (7006012071) ;Reta, Melese Abate (57219956463) ;Rezaei, Negar (57218820767) ;Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh (55273796300) ;Riahi, Seyed Mohammad (57193205976) ;Ribeiro, Ana Isabel (36860251200) ;Rickard, Jennifer (56581573500) ;Rios-Blancas, Maria (57208577330) ;Roever, Leonardo (56641632800) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Roro, Elias Merdassa (57203038680) ;Ross, Jennifer M. (56895463600) ;Rubagotti, Enrico (57208389589) ;Rubino, Salvatore (55240504800) ;Saad, Anas M. (57143724900) ;Sabde, Yogesh Damodar (54793337800) ;Sabour, Siamak (16307842100) ;Sadeghi, Ehsan (37010381500) ;Safari, Yahya (55700424100) ;Safari-Faramani, Roya (57210821203) ;Sagar, Rajesh (26643103100) ;Sahebkar, Amirhossein (26639699900) ;Sahraian, Mohammad Ali (55886074600) ;Sajadi, S. Mohammad (22136195900) ;Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza (55580011800) ;Salam, Nasir (23992664500) ;Salamati, Payman (14045860600) ;Salem, Hosni (16246117500) ;Salem, Marwa Rashad (57194137372) ;Salimi, Yahya (54421017000) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi (57204561719) ;Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer (57211312277) ;Sarkar, Kaushik (58370752800) ;Sarker, Abdur Razzaque (55908816200) ;Sarrafzadegan, Nizal (6701751316) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu (54407369300) ;Sawhney, Monika (57217153893) ;Saxena, Sonia (57203151746) ;Schwebel, David C. (6603681532) ;Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta (57212584644) ;Senthilkumaran, Subramanian (36191387000) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Serván-Mori, Edson (57202594826) ;Shabaninejad, Hosein (56047947500) ;Shafieesabet, Azadeh (56964338900) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shalash, Ali S. (36521728200) ;Shallo, Seifadin Ahmed (57210789508) ;Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran (57193608415) ;Shamsi, Mohammad Bagher (57204557980) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Shannawaz, Mohammed (56349680200) ;Sharafi, Kiomars (57194516056) ;Sharifi, Hamid (16643763200) ;Shehata, Hatem Samir (55998932300) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar (7102818010) ;Shibuya, Kenji (8948057900) ;Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw (57214329180) ;Shifti, Desalegn Markos (57210741352) ;Shigematsu, Mika (23968093000) ;Shin, Jae Il (57964880100) ;Shiri, Rahman (57200737050) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Siddiqi, Tariq Jamal (57193718539) ;Silva, Diego Augusto Santos (36985158000) ;Singh, Ambrish (57214875932) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Singh, Narinder Pal (57211864736) ;Singh, Virendra (57191848598) ;Sisay, Malede Mequanent (57211322781) ;Skiadaresi, Eirini (37100428500) ;Sobhiyeh, Mohammad Reza (35280718200) ;Sokhan, Anton (57201637884) ;Soltani, Shahin (56767763700) ;Somayaji, Ranjani (6507727557) ;Soofi, Moslem (56373891000) ;Sorrie, Muluken Bekele (57195303874) ;Soyiri, Ireneous N. (15052406400) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. (57212263335) ;Sudaryanto, Agus (57305372500) ;Sufiyan, Mu’awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul (55496122500) ;Sultana, Marufa (57209482994) ;Sunguya, Bruno Fokas (57209060557) ;Sykes, Bryan L. (57218362022) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tabuchi, Takahiro (55177892400) ;Tadesse, Degena Bahrey (57213597502) ;Tarigan, Ingan Ukur (54080771800) ;Tasew, Aberash Abay (57218820788) ;Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin (57209732307) ;Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin (57204237146) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Tesfay, Berhe Etsay (57211142477) ;Tesfay, Fisaha Haile (57203977293) ;Tessema, Belay (20735503600) ;Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse (57211312128) ;Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (57202955435) ;Thomas, Nihal (7401830494) ;Toma, Alemayehu (55631634100) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Traini, Eugenio (57211137081) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran (12790012100) ;Usman, Muhammad Shariq (57203046075) ;Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi (57211633289) ;Valdez, Pascual R. (57202115577) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vollmer, Sebastian (24460878700) ;Whawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel (57220760447) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wallin, Mitchell Taylor (57201573668) ;Wang, Yafeng (57208674780) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Weaver, Marcia (7201548872) ;Weji, Bedilu Girma (57218820761) ;Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay (57211811032) ;Welgan, Catherine A. (57188448200) ;Werdecker, Andrea (57208964895) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wiangkham, Taweewat (56829456300) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wolde, Haileab Fekadu (57199530258) ;Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu (57207771936) ;Wonde, Tewodros Eshete (57207759070) ;Worku, Getasew Taddesse (57218197319) ;Wu, Ai-Min (57203702647) ;Xu, Gelin (57203583113) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein (26029029100) ;Yamada, Tomohide (37662679800) ;Yatsuya, Hiroshi (6603908304) ;Yeshaneh, Alex (57204564144) ;Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo (36057611800) ;Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu (57212019529) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yoon, Seok-Jun (24823148900) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousefifard, Mahmoud (57204566585) ;Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A. (56183368000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zadey, Siddhesh (57188589258) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zepro, Nejimu Biza (57193095335) ;Zerfu, Taddese Alemu (55358278900) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhao, Xiu-Ju George (8360350900) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080) ;Zuniga, Yves Miel H. (57194979049) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088)Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910–68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average. Interpretation: To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers' understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Quantifying risks and interventions that have affected the burden of lower respiratory infections among children younger than 5 years: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2020) ;Troeger, Christopher E. (57195223624) ;Khalil, Ibrahim A. (58255049500) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Biehl, Molly H. (57196041812) ;Albertson, Samuel B. (57204573505) ;Zimsen, Stephanie R.M. (57196078433) ;Rao, Puja C. (57191835613) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Admasie, Amha (56609274200) ;Ahmadi, Alireza (56336080700) ;Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh Brahim (57258605600) ;Akal, Chalachew Genet (57205385708) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Alam, Noore (57202437697) ;Alene, Kefyalew Addis (57202583764) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. (57219673720) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Amini, Saeed (57210811281) ;Anjomshoa, Mina (57204563282) ;Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. (55247644500) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Atalay, Hagos Tasew (57203535974) ;Atique, Suleman (56505419100) ;Avokpaho, Euripide F.G.A. (57209842037) ;Awad, Samah (57192660810) ;Awasthi, Ashish (58420926700) ;Badawi, Alaa (57216776029) ;Balakrishnan, Kalpana (7103222725) ;Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar (57204568975) ;Barac, Aleksandra (55550748700) ;Bassat, Quique (23024176000) ;Bedi, Neeraj (57988442200) ;Bennett, Derrick A. (57650836400) ;Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266) ;Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. (24342648300) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Bills, Corey B. (24528417100) ;Car, Josip (6701783618) ;Carvalho, Félix (7103070417) ;Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700) ;Causey, Kate (57204560479) ;Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533) ;Cohen, Aaron J. (7404780942) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen (57204717669) ;Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000) ;Dubey, Manisha (57219898654) ;Dubljanin, Eleonora (55957442600) ;Duken, Eyasu Ejeta (57204560558) ;Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed (57203666922) ;Endries, Aman Yesuf (57216324852) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Frostad, Joseph (57222306717) ;Fullman, Nancy (57211064970) ;Gardner, William M. (57204566870) ;Geta, Birhanu (57208190927) ;Ghadiri, Keyghobad (55409170000) ;Gorini, Giuseppe (56509988200) ;Goulart, Alessandra C. (57201181348) ;Guo, Yuming (55712472800) ;Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa (57219637263) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arya (57226201352) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Hassen, Hamid Yimam (57188660707) ;Hoang, Chi Linh (57205123375) ;Horita, Nobuyuki (57217110823) ;Hostiuc, Mihaela (51763789200) ;Hussain, Zakir (59269161900) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;James, Spencer L. (57202557998) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Karch, André (57223444197) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale (58686045600) ;Kassebaum, Nicholas J. (57202562224) ;Kefale, Adane Teshome (57194507694) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Gulfaraz (6701635515) ;Khan, Md Nuruzzaman (57209404949) ;Khang, Young-Ho (57198904674) ;Khoja, Abdullah T. (57203306097) ;Kimokoti, Ruth W. (8647554600) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Kissoon, Niranjan (7006364038) ;Knibbs, Luke D. (16313525200) ;Kochhar, Sonali (57214107714) ;Kosen, Soewarta (57211346192) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Defo, Barthelemy Kuate (6602271655) ;Anil Kumar, G. (57139550500) ;Lal, Dharmesh Kumar (57222488984) ;Leshargie, Cheru Tesema (57195295462) ;Lewycka, Sonia (57212496031) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Lodha, Rakesh (7007019609) ;MacArayan, Erlyn Rachelle King (56330601800) ;Majdan, Marek (36147855100) ;Mamun, Abdullah A. (55666602500) ;Manguerra, Helena (57208121153) ;Mehta, Varshil (57158753300) ;Melese, Addisu (56901393600) ;Memish, Ziad A. (7005059350) ;Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese (57194776802) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57202554188) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57216202888) ;Moazen, Babak (57204324006) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moore, Catrin E. (57195934063) ;Morawska, Lidia (7004773965) ;Mosser, Jonathan F. (56111776300) ;Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam (56165159700) ;Murthy, Srinivas (36247670800) ;Mustafa, Ghulam (57190395960) ;Nazari, Javad (57207759174) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Nguyen, Long Hoang (56567321800) ;Nguyen, Son Hoang (59662830400) ;Nielsen, Katie R. (59847898200) ;Nisar, Muhammad Imran (57191774461) ;Nixon, Molly R. (57204562047) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57200737136) ;Okoro, Anselm (54682112200) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olagunju, Tinuke O. (57203076824) ;Oren, Eyal (36815569400) ;Ortiz, Justin R. (57201758478) ;Mahesh, P.A. (57202421244) ;Pakhale, Smita (57220937499) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Qorbani, Mostafa (24831040300) ;Quansah, Reginald (14825606700) ;Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa (6507646446) ;Rai, Rajesh Kumar (51864423900) ;Reitsma, Marissa Bettay (57208766315) ;Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh (55273796300) ;Rezapour, Aziz (55548281300) ;Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus (57208577330) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Rothenbacher, Dietrich (7004765162) ;Rubino, Salvatore (55240504800) ;Saleem, Zikria (56179814800) ;Sambala, Evanson Zondani (36718133800) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Milicevic, Milena M. Santric (57211144346) ;Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo (57204744430) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Savic, Miloje (57204524150) ;Sawhney, Monika (57217153893) ;Saxena, Sonia (57203151746) ;Sbarra, Alyssa (57200546253) ;Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba (57204698893) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Shigematsu, Mika (23968093000) ;Smith, David L. (55574206203) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. (57212263335) ;Stanaway, Jeffrey D. (57201210928) ;Sufiyan, Mu awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Tessema, Belay (20735503600) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel (57204562442) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Updike, Rachel L. (57204698680) ;Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (57200592416) ;Veisani, Yousef (55370882600) ;Wada, Fiseha Wadilo (57194049305) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Welgan, Katie (57212487910) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Yimer, Ebrahim M. (57204849530) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zar, Heather J. (7006236599) ;Lim, Stephen S. (57201800433) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Murray, Christopher J.L. (55481130700) ;Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe (57217040073) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088)Background: Despite large reductions in under-5 lower respiratory infection (LRI) mortality in many locations, the pace of progress for LRIs has generally lagged behind that of other childhood infectious diseases. To better inform programmes and policies focused on preventing and treating LRIs, we assessed the contributions and patterns of risk factor attribution, intervention coverage, and sociodemographic development in 195 countries and territories by drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) LRI estimates. Methods: We used four strategies to model LRI burden: the mortality due to LRIs was modelled using vital registration data, demographic surveillance data, and verbal autopsy data in a predictive ensemble modelling tool; the incidence of LRIs was modelled using population representative surveys, health-care utilisation data, and scientific literature in a compartmental meta-regression tool; the attribution of risk factors for LRI mortality was modelled in a counterfactual framework; and trends in LRI mortality were analysed applying changes in exposure to risk factors over time. In GBD, infectious disease mortality, including that due to LRI, is among HIV-negative individuals. We categorised locations based on their burden in 1990 to make comparisons in the changing burden between 1990 and 2017 and evaluate the relative percent change in mortality rate, incidence, and risk factor exposure to explain differences in the health loss associated with LRIs among children younger than 5 years. Findings: In 2017, LRIs caused 808 920 deaths (95% uncertainty interval 747 286–873 591) in children younger than 5 years. Since 1990, there has been a substantial decrease in the number of deaths (from 2 337 538 to 808 920 deaths; 65·4% decrease, 61·5–68·5) and in mortality rate (from 362·7 deaths [330·1–392·0] per 100 000 children to 118·9 deaths [109·8–128·3] per 100 000 children; 67·2% decrease, 63·5–70·1). LRI incidence declined globally (32·4% decrease, 27·2–37·5). The percent change in under-5 mortality rate and incidence has varied across locations. Among the risk factors assessed in this study, those responsible for the greatest decrease in under-5 LRI mortality between 1990 and 2017 were increased coverage of vaccination against Haemophilus influenza type b (11·4% decrease, 0·0–24·5), increased pneumococcal vaccine coverage (6·3% decrease, 6·1–6·3), and reductions in household air pollution (8·4%, 6·8–9·2). Interpretation: Our findings show that there have been substantial but uneven declines in LRI mortality among countries between 1990 and 2017. Although improvements in indicators of sociodemographic development could explain some of these trends, changes in exposure to modifiable risk factors are related to the rates of decline in LRI mortality. No single intervention would universally accelerate reductions in health loss associated with LRIs in all settings, but emphasising the most dominant risk factors, particularly in countries with high case fatality, can contribute to the reduction of preventable deaths. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4·0 license
