Browsing by Author "Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700)"
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Publication Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2022) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800) ;Compton, Kelly (57205330541) ;Dean, Frances E. (57211949247) ;Fu, Weijia (57218882680) ;Gaw, Brian L. (57405726000) ;Harvey, James D. (57196074369) ;Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline (57219861283) ;Lu, Dan (59057346200) ;Pennini, Alyssa (57210820174) ;Xu, Rixing (57204186670) ;Ababneh, Emad (57210792873) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Elsalam, Sherief M. (57189845325) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abedi, Aidin (56673854800) ;Abidi, Hassan (36769387800) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (57211604149) ;Advani, Shailesh M. (56841222900) ;Afzal, Muhammad Sohail (56009310800) ;Aghaali, Mohammad (38860949800) ;Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku (57194684030) ;Ahmad, Sajjad (57218961022) ;Ahmad, Tauseef (57214283386) ;Ahmadi, Ali (57193998515) ;Ahmadi, Sepideh (58189812000) ;Ahmed Rashid, Tarik (57023479100) ;Ahmed Salih, Yusra (57226834461) ;Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse (56905441600) ;Aklilu, Addis (56450972500) ;Akram, Tayyaba (57208951047) ;Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet (57214884531) ;Al Hamad, Hanadi (56955516200) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500) ;Ali, Saqib (7403094290) ;Alimohamadi, Yousef (56069375900) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Alkhayyat, Motasem (57191475872) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Almasri, Nihad A. (35301840000) ;Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali Ali (36023535700) ;Almustanyir, Sami (57217589155) ;Alonso, Nivaldo (7004026436) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Amu, Hubert (57190183918) ;Anbesu, Etsay Woldu (57219860911) ;Ancuceanu, Robert (35728302200) ;Ansari, Fereshteh (56478531800) ;Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza (57192807651) ;Antwi, Maxwell Hubert (57224904063) ;Anvari, Davood (57201259536) ;Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward (57192947419) ;Aqeel, Muhammad (57192083161) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Arab-Zozani, Morteza (57210284593) ;Aremu, Olatunde (57214958833) ;Ariffin, Hany (7004238528) ;Aripov, Timur (35104283700) ;Arshad, Muhammad (25722979300) ;Artaman, Al (57217223811) ;Arulappan, Judie (57224210161) ;Asemi, Zatollah (36738697900) ;Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad (57226675591) ;Ashraf, Tahira (56366752600) ;Atorkey, Prince (57218950488) ;Aujayeb, Avinash (6504403791) ;Ausloos, Marcel (7101798907) ;Awedew, Atalel Fentahun (57216741537) ;Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina (55598298700) ;Ayenew, Temesgen (57202544869) ;Azab, Mohammed A. (57202323253) ;Azadnajafabad, Sina (57219389837) ;Azari Jafari, Amirhossein (56084531100) ;Azarian, Ghasem (57220306214) ;Azzam, Ahmed Y. (57208274797) ;Badiye, Ashish D. (56340201200) ;Bahadory, Saeed (57208205157) ;Baig, Atif Amin (49460999600) ;Baker, Jennifer L. (8705509600) ;Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar (56640778400) ;Banach, Maciej (22936699500) ;Bärnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900) ;Barone-Adesi, Francesco (8722189200) ;Barra, Fabio (57201953956) ;Barrow, Amadou (57217061576) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal (55639511900) ;Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint (55932461200) ;Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint (57209397638) ;Bhagat, Devidas S. (57327243700) ;Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth (56398498300) ;Bhardwaj, Nikha (57221591832) ;Bhardwaj, Pankaj (57226841442) ;Bhaskar, Sonu (57192268582) ;Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266) ;Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S. (55989506600) ;Bibi, Sadia (57524553300) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Biondi, Antonio (57226837403) ;Bisignano, Catherine (57211140934) ;Bjorge, Tone (7004208100) ;Bleyer, Archie (57192109538) ;Blyuss, Oleg (56020531500) ;Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi (57218336464) ;Bolla, Srinivasa Rao (23048516100) ;Braithwaite, Dejana (7006987079) ;Brar, Amanpreet (57675605800) ;Brenner, Hermann (7201832825) ;Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa (6506392089) ;Butt, Nadeem Shafique (7003613681) ;Butt, Zahid A. (57202522739) ;Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano (56373058500) ;Cao, Yin (55270204400) ;Carreras, Giulia (57221176357) ;Catalá-López, Ferrán (57202553733) ;Cembranel, Francieli (55867592900) ;Cerin, Ester (14522064200) ;Cernigliaro, Achille (12787090100) ;Chakinala, Raja Chandra (57190575127) ;Chattu, Soosanna Kumary (57209796729) ;Chattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500) ;Chaturvedi, Pankaj (35547314900) ;Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel (57217262222) ;Cho, Daniel Youngwhan (57192666710) ;Christopher, Devasahayam J. (57209863533) ;Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300) ;Chung, Michael T. (55551050400) ;Conde, Joao (56992468300) ;Cortés, Sanda (55659922800) ;Cortesi, Paolo Angelo (57200306512) ;Costa, Vera Marisa (17134373000) ;Cunha, Amanda Ramos (57214078354) ;Dadras, Omid (57205721978) ;Dagnew, Amare Belachew (57194785365) ;Dahlawi, Saad M.A. (57189234459) ;Dai, Xiaochen (57221591169) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Darwesh, Aso Mohammad (57199749880) ;das Neves, José (57208073193) ;De la Hoz, Fernando Pio (23134262800) ;Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh (57207453281) ;Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar (25228198700) ;Dhamnetiya, Deepak (56884613200) ;Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane (57201374139) ;Dhimal, Meghnath (54941157300) ;Dianatinasab, Mostafa (57281638900) ;Diaz, Daniel (56644152500) ;Djalalinia, Shirin (37113718000) ;Do, Huyen Phuc (57200737094) ;Doaei, Saeid (56016552900) ;Dorostkar, Fariba (57214882995) ;dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter (57197830836) ;Driscoll, Tim Robert (7005928308) ;Ebrahimi, Hedyeh (57195329214) ;Eftekharzadeh, Sahar (57192113055) ;El Tantawi, Maha (57214851491) ;El-Abid, Hassan (59138919700) ;Elbarazi, Iffat (58509635500) ;Elhabashy, Hala Rashad (34869491800) ;Elhadi, Muhammed (57212082248) ;El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. (34869528300) ;Eshrati, Babak (16030619200) ;Eskandarieh, Sharareh (57211720158) ;Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz (56450483600) ;Etemadi, Arash (7004686554) ;Ezzikouri, Sayeh (16836144700) ;Faisaluddin, Mohammed (57204007767) ;Faraon, Emerito Jose A. (57195414019) ;Fares, Jawad (55606854400) ;Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611) ;Feroze, Abdullah Hamid (47161109900) ;Ferrero, Simone (57190137236) ;Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo (57201549628) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Fisher, James L. (7404013876) ;Foroutan, Masoud (58948371300) ;Fukumoto, Takeshi (26531100300) ;Gaal, Peter Andras (55966171600) ;Gad, Mohamed M. (57203749611) ;Gadanya, Muktar A. (25957587400) ;Gallus, Silvano (7005387365) ;Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana (57363275600) ;Getachew Obsa, Abera (57356847100) ;Ghafourifard, Mansour (57193420915) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Ghith, Nermin (55249750100) ;Gholamalizadeh, Maryam (56017715600) ;Gilani, Syed Amir (37008269900) ;Ginindza, Themba G. (24468039800) ;Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T. (57193237477) ;Glasbey, James C. (57195948986) ;Golechha, Mahaveer (36006347600) ;Goleij, Pouya (57217533849) ;Gomez, Ricardo Santiago (7402250311) ;Gopalani, Sameer Vali (57190277891) ;Gorini, Giuseppe (56509988200) ;Goudarzi, Houman (55606092000) ;Grosso, Giuseppe (57196998256) ;Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen (57210795029) ;Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro (56818011600) ;Guha, Avirup (56201612900) ;Gunasekera, D. Sanjeeva (6701450084) ;Gupta, Bhawna (56763353100) ;Gupta, Veer Bala (57194978364) ;Gupta, Vivek Kumar (35073936800) ;Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma (57200298415) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Haider, Mohammad Rifat (56660365700) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Halwani, Rabih (15065354400) ;Hamadeh, Randah R. (57202769526) ;Hameed, Sajid (57225330442) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Hanif, Asif (55360052800) ;Haque, Shafiul (35793732800) ;Harlianto, Netanja I. (57218510727) ;Haro, Josep Maria (57215877903) ;Hasaballah, Ahmed I. (56002305300) ;Hassanipour, Soheil (57191513993) ;Hay, Roderick J. (56785229200) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Hayat, Khezar (57219918947) ;Heidari, Golnaz (57218883864) ;Heidari, Mohammad (56494430400) ;Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana (57204618451) ;Herteliu, Claudiu (26035943100) ;Hezam, Kamal (57199187791) ;Holla, Ramesh (55270371800) ;Hossain, Md Mahbub (57207311791) ;Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain (36028425500) ;Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar (57209828879) ;Hosseini, Mostafa (57204569481) ;Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569) ;Hostiuc, Mihaela (51763789200) ;Hostiuc, Sorin (24829099800) ;Househ, Mowafa (8667908000) ;Hsairi, Mohamed (57209033943) ;Huang, Junjie (57199198962) ;Hugo, Fernando N. (13403199800) ;Hussain, Rabia (7103224786) ;Hussein, Nawfal R. (24766000100) ;Hwang, Bing-Fang (7201453928) ;Iavicoli, Ivo (6603685479) ;Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel (57212027408) ;Ida, Fidelia (57218557641) ;Ikuta, Kevin S. (57211541916) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Irena M. (57210823522) ;Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394) ;Irham, Lalu Muhammad (57195464918) ;Islam, Jessica Y. (26032107000) ;Islam, Rakibul M. (57205202128) ;Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful (56400111100) ;Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah (57885381900) ;Isola, Gaetano (25825125500) ;Iwagami, Masao (54381883100) ;Jacob, Louis (56779678900) ;Jain, Vardhmaan (57208149266) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B. (14318929700) ;Javaheri, Tahereh (36102883000) ;Jayaram, Shubha (57221589240) ;Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad (55260694800) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Jonas, Jost B. (7202492953) ;Joo, Tamas (57214777013) ;Joseph, Nitin (35292547200) ;Joukar, Farahnaz (26024213000) ;Jürisson, Mikk (55547524800) ;Kabir, Ali (23050698400) ;Kahrizi, Danial (15725585500) ;Kalankesh, Leila R. (12796418600) ;Kalhor, Rohollah (55670548600) ;Kaliyadan, Feroze (16836323500) ;Kalkonde, Yogeshwar (57211874790) ;Kamath, Ashwin (35724313100) ;Kameran Al-Salihi, Nawzad (24576701300) ;Kandel, Himal (57226834655) ;Kapoor, Neeti (56340726700) ;Karch, André (55917217700) ;Kasa, Ayele Semachew (57203538861) ;Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal (6508254091) ;Kauppila, Joonas H. (37665210400) ;Kavetskyy, Taras (57220358576) ;Kebede, Sewnet Adem (57215661049) ;Keshavarz, Pedram (57209008531) ;Keykhaei, Mohammad (57208162861) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khalilov, Rovshan (57193308858) ;Khan, Gulfaraz (6701635515) ;Khan, Maseer (57215721758) ;Khan, Md Nuruzzaman (57209404949) ;Khan, Moien A.B. (57209800900) ;Khang, Young-Ho (57198904674) ;Khater, Amir M. (57211138055) ;Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295) ;Kim, Gyu Ri (57204396981) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna (6508376962) ;Kopec, Jacek A. (7006284395) ;Koteeswaran, Rajasekaran (56685819200) ;Koul, Parvaiz A. (14022262900) ;Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi (57196152832) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kucuk Bicer, Burcu (57204528360) ;Kugbey, Nuworza (57195398167) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;Kumar, Narinder (8215803600) ;Kumar, Nithin (36678889900) ;Kurmi, Om P. (23389886800) ;Kutluk, Tezer (20934856000) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Landires, Iván (15063040000) ;Lauriola, Paolo (7004129174) ;Lee, Sang-Woong (57193130569) ;Lee, Shaun Wen Huey (35201185800) ;Lee, Wei-Chen (57394248700) ;Lee, Yo Han (57193632340) ;Leigh, James (7202089604) ;Leong, Elvynna (56462346200) ;Li, Jiarui (57205664641) ;Li, Ming-Chieh (56144176300) ;Liu, Xuefeng (37050047900) ;Loureiro, Joana A. (55851941412) ;Lunevicius, Raimundas (57216165063) ;Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed (57201191366) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Makki, Alaa (57224607101) ;Male, Shilpa (57404584000) ;Malik, Ahmad Azam (57198682313) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Martini, Santi (57162600900) ;Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra (55769011500) ;Mathur, Prashant (7201845777) ;McKee, Martin (7202304775) ;Mehrotra, Ravi (7203045563) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900) ;Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku (57216203521) ;Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal (57204623773) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Miao Jonasson, Junmei (35875296300) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Miazgowski, Tomasz (6701404689) ;Michalek, Irmina Maria (56982945900) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Mirzaei, Hamed (37034594600) ;Mirzaei, Hamid Reza (57218466685) ;Misra, Sanjeev (35501005200) ;Mithra, Prasanna (36018632500) ;Moghadaszadeh, Masoud (57200791890) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710) ;Mohammadi, Mokhtar (57188972365) ;Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh (57190491827) ;Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah (55602206500) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Moka, Nagabhishek (35764778400) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Molokhia, Mariam (7004121920) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moni, Mohammad Ali (35119094400) ;Moosavi, Mohammad Amin (8677868300) ;Moradi, Yousef (55338348700) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana (57204560697) ;Morrison, Shane Douglas (45661573100) ;Mosapour, Abbas (16425956900) ;Mubarik, Sumaira (57202290474) ;Mwanri, Lillian (6603154148) ;Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074) ;Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad (55540895500) ;Nagata, Chie (50061824800) ;Naimzada, Mukhammad David (57209744761) ;Nangia, Vinay (57201490837) ;Naqvi, Atta Abbas (56501393600) ;Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas (57226829643) ;Ndejjo, Rawlance (56586121600) ;Nduaguba, Sabina O. (57192167101) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Negru, Serban Mircea (6602216697) ;Neupane Kandel, Sandhya (57195980450) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Niazi, Robina Khan (57204666021) ;Nnaji, Chukwudi A. (57204873792) ;Noor, Nurulamin M. (57201949165) ;Nunez-Samudio, Virginia (15063201000) ;Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe (57217058740) ;Oancea, Bogdan (26658614800) ;Ochir, Chimedsuren (37661993800) ;Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade (55356642300) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57217186813) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun (55251697700) ;Omar, Emad (57227106800) ;Omar Bali, Ahmed (57201273344) ;Omonisi, Abidemi E. Emmanuel (36103029000) ;Ong, Sokking (36614524300) ;Onwujekwe, Obinna E. (7003992855) ;Orru, Hans (14621909500) ;Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V. (6505938824) ;Otstavnov, Nikita (57202947262) ;Otstavnov, Stanislav S. (57204561394) ;Owolabi, Mayowa O. (57222581892) ;P A, Mahesh (57195664371) ;Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300) ;Pakshir, Keyvan (15838075900) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Panagiotakos, Demosthenes (7005977027) ;Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra (6603112353) ;Pardhan, Shahina (7003706887) ;Park, Eun-Cheol (57208356854) ;Park, Eun-Kee (57216814178) ;Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh (57219776266) ;Patel, Harsh K. (57199391457) ;Patel, Jenil R. (57192938144) ;Pati, Siddhartha (57405230600) ;Pattanshetty, Sanjay M. (35339480100) ;Paudel, Uttam (56600660600) ;Pereira, David M. (57200690024) ;Pereira, Renato B. (55802371953) ;Perianayagam, Arokiasamy (15053062900) ;Pillay, Julian David (57197803061) ;Pirouzpanah, Saeed (57212676962) ;Pishgar, Farhad (56676403900) ;Podder, Indrashis (56347339700) ;Postma, Maarten J. (7006296502) ;Pourjafar, Hadi (54881252100) ;Prashant, Akila (16040597000) ;Preotescu, Liliana (36011288800) ;Rabiee, Mohammad (24587922100) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal (7103113006) ;Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman (34873452800) ;Rafiee, Ata (56912119000) ;Rahim, Fakher (23052247800) ;Rahimzadeh, Shadi (48061460300) ;Rahman, Mosiur (55457953000) ;Rahman, Muhammad Aziz (55327627600) ;Rahmani, Amir Masoud (57204588830) ;Rajai, Nazanin (57203222349) ;Rajesh, Aashish (57193435213) ;Rakovac, Ivo (57201180617) ;Ram, Pradhum (55961669800) ;Ramezanzadeh, Kiana (57200621924) ;Ranabhat, Kamal (56622984700) ;Ranasinghe, Priyanga (6602322079) ;Rao, Chythra R. (35771430100) ;Rao, Sowmya J. (57195423591) ;Rawassizadeh, Reza (36634807900) ;Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh (57203060460) ;Renzaho, Andre M.N. (6505786588) ;Rezaei, Negar (57218820767) ;Rezaei, Nima (57216077273) ;Rezapour, Aziz (55548281300) ;Roberts, Thomas J. (57190111163) ;Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia (22936575000) ;Rohloff, Peter (55533870500) ;Romoli, Michele (56592186200) ;Ronfani, Luca (6602565620) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Rwegerera, Godfrey M. (56033523400) ;Manjula, S. (57405727400) ;Sabour, Siamak (16307842100) ;Saddik, Basema (23020079300) ;Saeed, Umar (36612315100) ;Sahebkar, Amirhossein (26639699900) ;Sahoo, Harihar (44462008100) ;Salehi, Sana (57209618440) ;Salem, Marwa Rashad (57194137372) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Samaei, Mehrnoosh (57225273791) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Sankararaman, Senthilkumar (57210591338) ;Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Sardiwalla, Yaeesh (57193918094) ;Sarveazad, Arash (54882387000) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Sawhney, Monika (57217153893) ;Saylan, Mete (57217153417) ;Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola (57201292772) ;Sekerija, Mario (30268005400) ;Seylani, Allen (57222325334) ;Shafaat, Omid (55567483500) ;Shaghaghi, Zahra (37100372300) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shamsoddin, Erfan (57208402503) ;Shannawaz, Mohammed (56349680200) ;Sharma, Rajesh (58228412600) ;Sheikh, Aziz (7202522962) ;Sheikhbahaei, Sara (57219637352) ;Shetty, Adithi (57315189400) ;Shetty, Jeevan K. (15844347300) ;Shetty, Pavanchand H. (56366875300) ;Shibuya, Kenji (8948057900) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Shivakumar, K.M. (57221603938) ;Shivarov, Velizar (15623607900) ;Siabani, Soraya (25227131300) ;Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K. (57208838253) ;Silva, Diego Augusto Santos (36985158000) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. 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(8549393000) ;Yousefi, Zabihollah (9743306100) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yuce, Deniz (57514476300) ;Yunusa, Ismaeel (57202137670) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zare, Fariba (57189627158) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zastrozhina, Anasthasia (57210832491) ;Zhang, Jianrong (56966801100) ;Zhong, Chenwen (59289905900) ;Zhou, Linghui (57200969310) ;Zhu, Cong (57215121592) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zimmermann, Ivan R. (55907922000) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Murray, Christopher J.L. (57224556036)Force, Lisa M. (57188548035)IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. © 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2022) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800) ;Compton, Kelly (57205330541) ;Dean, Frances E. (57211949247) ;Fu, Weijia (57218882680) ;Gaw, Brian L. (57405726000) ;Harvey, James D. (57196074369) ;Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline (57219861283) ;Lu, Dan (59057346200) ;Pennini, Alyssa (57210820174) ;Xu, Rixing (57204186670) ;Ababneh, Emad (57210792873) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Elsalam, Sherief M. (57189845325) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abedi, Aidin (56673854800) ;Abidi, Hassan (36769387800) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah (57211604149) ;Advani, Shailesh M. 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(8549393000) ;Yousefi, Zabihollah (9743306100) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yuce, Deniz (57514476300) ;Yunusa, Ismaeel (57202137670) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zare, Fariba (57189627158) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zastrozhina, Anasthasia (57210832491) ;Zhang, Jianrong (56966801100) ;Zhong, Chenwen (59289905900) ;Zhou, Linghui (57200969310) ;Zhu, Cong (57215121592) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zimmermann, Ivan R. (55907922000) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Murray, Christopher J.L. (57224556036)Force, Lisa M. (57188548035)IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world. © 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Department of Error: Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2020) 395(10239) (1779–1801), (S0140673620301148), (10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30114-8))(2020) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Troeger, Christopher E. (57195223624) ;Earl, Lucas (57190371340) ;Munro, Sandra B. (7004622934) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Getaneh (57202422848) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adham, Davoud (55346682700) ;Adhena, Beyene Meressa (57322512000) ;Afarideh, Mohsen (56227034300) ;Ahmadi, Keivan (59396073300) ;Ahmadi, Mehdi (16644923000) ;Ahmed, Anwar E. (58205901100) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Ahmed, Rushdia (57195530549) ;Ajumobi, Olufemi (14033771400) ;Akal, Chalachew Genet (57205385708) ;Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie (57203189637) ;Akanda, Ali S. (35290419100) ;Alamene, Genet Melak (57211135938) ;Alanzi, Turki M. (55978240000) ;Albright, James R. 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Publication Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: Methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study(2020) ;James, Spencer L. (57202557998) ;Castle, Chris D. (57196079840) ;Dingels, Zachary V. (57212508574) ;Fox, Jack T. (36094087400) ;Hamilton, Erin B. (57212513365) ;Liu, Zichen (57210830015) ;Roberts, Nicholas L. S. (57204562597) ;Sylte, Dillon O. (57211183601) ;Bertolacci, Gregory J. (57204558417) ;Cunningham, Matthew (57204558787) ;Henry, Nathaniel J. (57196076616) ;Legrand, Kate E. (57216789066) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abedi, Aidin (56673854800) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abosetugn, Akine Eshete (57041277200) ;Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. (57191479876) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adsuar, Jose C. (21738958900) ;Advani, Shailesh M. 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(8549393000) ;Yousef, Zabihollah (9743306100) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yu, Yong (55628587954) ;Moghadam, Telma Zahirian (57201718494) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zarei, Fatemeh (15766784900) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda (57216324802) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Pigott, David M. (55320335600) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088)Vos, Theo (57223885848)Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC B Y. Published by BMJ. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2020) ;Abbafati, Cristiana (54917122400) ;Abbas, Kaja M. (57190285707) ;Abbasi, Mohammad (57221004192) ;Abbasifard, Mitra (37053407900) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahi, Mohammad (57940559800) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abedi, Aidin (56673854800) ;Abedi, Parisa (57219860997) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Abosetugn, Akine Eshete (57041277200) ;Aboyans, Victor (56214736500) ;Abrams, Elissa M. (53363080800) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid (57218875672) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. 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(57215198193) ;McKee, Martin (7202304775) ;Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo (8530789600) ;Meharie, Birhanu Geta (57217083932) ;Mehndiratta, Man Mohan (57202557864) ;Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar (56062744400) ;Mehri, Fereshteh (57211542603) ;Mehrotra, Ravi (7203045563) ;Mehta, Kala M. (7201939418) ;Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda (57209140259) ;Mekonnen, Teferi (57215662987) ;Melese, Addisu (56901393600) ;Memiah, Peter T.N. (57217207827) ;Memish, Ziad A. (7005059350) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900) ;Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku (57216203521) ;Mengesha, Meresa Berwo (57210570181) ;Mensah, George A. (57196028147) ;Mereke, Alibek (57205595662) ;Mereta, Seid Tiku (57203628211) ;Meretoja, Atte (12775885500) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57219008708) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Miazgowski, Tomasz (6701404689) ;Michalek, Irmina Maria (56982945900) ;Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu (57214781514) ;Miller, Ted R. (7403948600) ;Mills, Edward J. (57205301363) ;Milne, George J. (9434770500) ;Mini, G.K. (12800865800) ;Miri, Mohammad (56938228400) ;Mirica, Andreea (57188983765) ;Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. (57508336100) ;Mirzaei, Hamed (37034594600) ;Mirzaei, Maryam (56902299800) ;Mirzaei, Roya (55745833800) ;Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi (57201700997) ;Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen (57202808713) ;Mitchell, Philip B. (35354747000) ;Mithra, Prasanna (36018632500) ;Moazen, Babak (57204324006) ;Moghadaszadeh, Masoud (57200791890) ;Mohajer, Bahram (57039225300) ;Mohamad, Osama (36342663600) ;Mohamadi, Efat (57202198397) ;Mohammad, Dara K. (43161421200)Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710)Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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(57224556036)Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51–12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9–21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12–9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6–16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253–350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3–13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0–9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10–24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25–49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50–74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation: Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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(57202424871) ;Vujcic, Isidora S. (55957120100) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wang, Yanzhong (59417336500) ;Wang, Fang (57216134149) ;Wei, Jingkai (56163346700) ;Weintraub, Robert G. (7006079405) ;Weldemariam, Abrha H. (57221587797) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Winkler, Andrea S. (58323746700) ;Wiysonge, Charles S. (6507441509) ;Wolfe, Charles D.A. (57202754705) ;Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse (57200671454) ;Xu, Gelin (57203583113) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Yamagishi, Kazumasa (35231751500) ;Yan, Lijing L. (57198311895) ;Yandrapalli, Srikanth (56512389300) ;Yano, Yuichiro (57196965200) ;Yatsuya, Hiroshi (6603908304) ;Yeheyis, Tomas Y. (57219861340) ;Yeshaw, Yigizie (57197818606) ;Yilgwan, Christopher S. (36057611800) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zachariah, Geevar (55421383400) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zaman, Muhammed S. (57221663045) ;Zamanian, Maryam (57201292465) ;Zand, Ramin (23669868100) ;Zandifar, Alireza (55334814000) ;Zarghi, Afshin (7003559162) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail S. (56728932200) ;Zastrozhina, Anasthasia (57210832491) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhang, Wangjian (57216303139) ;Zhong, Chenwen (59289905900) ;Zou, Zhiyong (35270950600) ;Zuniga, Yves Miel H. (57194979049) ;Murray, Christopher J.L. (57224556036)Fuster, Valentin (7202675508)Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases. © 2020 The Authors - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
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(57202115577) ;Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (57200592416) ;Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy (56804702100) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vlassov, Vasily (57211633239) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay (57219520857) ;Werdecker, Andrea (57208964895) ;Wiangkham, Taweewat (56829456300) ;Wolde, Haileab Fekadu (57199530258) ;Woldeyes, Dawit Habte (57212212919) ;Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu (57207771936) ;Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu (57219426999) ;Wondmieneh, Adam Belay (57211141647) ;Wu, Ai-Min (57203702647) ;Yadav, Rajaram (57210511693) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Yano, Yuichiro (57196965200) ;Yaya, Sanni (55191139800) ;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid (56017415700) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yoon, Seok-Jun (24823148900) ;Youm, Yoosik (7005933825) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousefi, Zabihollah (9743306100) ;Yu, Yong (55628587954) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Moghadam, Telma Zahirian (57201718494) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zamanian, Maryam (57201292465) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zarei, Ahmad (59534566400) ;Zare, Fatemeh (58984522800) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Degenhardt, Louisa (7004040033) ;Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda (57216324802) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800)Vos, Theo (57223885848)Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional and national burden of bladder cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019(2021) ;Safiri, Saeid (56009654100) ;Kolahi, Ali-Asghar (24331775400) ;Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323) ;Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria (57218948511) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Sullman, Mark J.M. (6602352041) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Sepidarkish, Mahdi (55375701000) ;Ashrafi-Asgarabad, Ahad (57209320396) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800) ;Advani, Shailesh M. (56841222900) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Amini, Erfan (35073393800) ;Anbesu, Etsay Woldu (57219860911) ;Anderson, Jason A. (57204563525) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Awedew, Atalel Fentahun (57216741537) ;Baig, Atif Amin (49460999600) ;Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth (56398498300) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Biondi, Antonio (57226837403) ;Bjørge, Tone (7004208100) ;Braithwaite, Dejana (7006987079) ;Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano (56373058500) ;Carreras, Giulia (57221176357) ;Carvalho, Felix (7103070417) ;Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300) ;Compton, Kelly (57205330541) ;Costa, Vera Marisa (17134373000) ;Dai, Xiaochen (57221591169) ;Dandona, Lalit (7007017243) ;Dandona, Rakhi (57203043697) ;Molla, Meseret Derbew (57211542342) ;Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu (57224144903) ;Dianatinasab, Mostafa (57281638900) ;Ebrahimi, Hedyeh (57195329214) ;Eftekharzadeh, Sahar (57192113055) ;El Sayed, Iman (7004479194) ;Eshrati, Babak (16030619200) ;Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611) ;Feleke, Berhanu Elfu (57190811236) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich (57218883661) ;Gallus, Silvano (7005387365) ;Ghafourifard, Mansour (57193420915) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Golechha, Mahaveer (36006347600) ;Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele (57221603337) ;Gorini, Giuseppe (56509988200) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Hamidi, Samer (24366336000) ;Harvey, James D. (57196074369) ;Hassanipour, Soheil (57191513993) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline (57219861283) ;Househ, Mowafa (8667908000) ;Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel (57212027408) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Irena M. (57210823522) ;Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394) ;Joukar, Farahnaz (26024213000) ;Kumar, G. Anil (57139550500) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Ladi-Seyedian, Seyedeh-Sanam (56100129000) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Landires, Iván (15063040000) ;Li, Bingyu (57205248886) ;Lugo, Alessandra (55227636600) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Michalek, Irmina Maria (56982945900) ;Moghadaszadeh, Masoud (57200791890) ;Mohamad, Osama (36342663600) ;Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah (55602206500) ;Mohammadpourhodki, Reza (59552855100) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Molokhia, Mariam (7004121920) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah (55179399300) ;Nabavizadeh, Behnam (57222103426) ;Naimzada, Mukhammad David (57209744761) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Nikbakhsh, Rajan (57204566375) ;Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza (8866311900) ;Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia (15063201000) ;Otstavnov, Stanislav S. (57204561394) ;Pham, Hai Quang (57217078995) ;Pirestani, Majid (24176306700) ;Pottoo, Faheem Hyder (56394551400) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200) ;Rathi, Priya (57216633909) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Rezaei, Nima (57216077273) ;Roberts, Nicholas L.S. (57204562597) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Sha, Feng (57190308655) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Sheikhbahaei, Sara (57219637352) ;Malleshappa, Sudeep K. Siddappa (57210728908) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth (57218543838) ;Tadesse, Eyayou Girma (57221591705) ;Tefera, Yonas Getaye (56043059700) ;Tekalegn, Yohannes (57201033519) ;Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna (57216631666) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Traini, Eugenio (57211137081) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Travillian, Ravensara S. (8242478000) ;Vacante, Marco (23037085900) ;Xu, Rixing (57204186670) ;Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew (57214888505) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zamanian, Maryam (57201292465)Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400)Introduction The current study determined the level and trends associated with the incidence, death and disability rates for bladder cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2019, by age, sex and sociodemographic index (SDI; a composite measure of sociodemographic factors). Methods Various data sources from different countries, including vital registration and cancer registries were used to generate estimates. Mortality data and incidence data transformed to mortality estimates using the mortality to incidence ratio (MIR) were used in a cause of death ensemble model to estimate mortality. Mortality estimates were divided by the MIR to produce incidence estimates. Prevalence was calculated using incidence and MIR-based survival estimates. Age-specific mortality and standardised life expectancy were used to estimate years of life lost (YLLs). Prevalence was multiplied by disability weights to estimate years lived with disability (YLDs), while disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are the sum of the YLLs and YLDs. All estimates were presented as counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population. Results Globally, there were 524 000 bladder cancer incident cases (95% uncertainty interval 476 000 to 569 000) and 229 000 bladder cancer deaths (211 000 to 243 000) in 2019. Age-standardised death rate decreased by 15.7% (8.6 to 21.0), during the period 1990-2019. Bladder cancer accounted for 4.39 million (4.09 to 4.70) DALYs in 2019, and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased significantly by 18.6% (11.2 to 24.3) during the period 1990-2019. In 2019, Monaco had the highest age-standardised incidence rate (31.9 cases (23.3 to 56.9) per 100 000), while Lebanon had the highest age-standardised death rate (10.4 (8.1 to 13.7)). Cabo Verde had the highest increase in age-standardised incidence (284.2% (214.1 to 362.8)) and death rates (190.3% (139.3 to 251.1)) between 1990 and 2019. In 2019, the global age-standardised incidence and death rates were higher among males than females, across all age groups and peaked in the 95+ age group. Globally, 36.8% (28.5 to 44.0) of bladder cancer DALYs were attributable to smoking, more so in males than females (43.7% (34.0 to 51.8) vs 15.2% (10.9 to 19.4)). In addition, 9.1% (1.9 to 19.6) of the DALYs were attributable to elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (males 9.3% (1.6 to 20.9); females 8.4% (1.6 to 19.1)). Conclusions There was considerable variation in the burden of bladder cancer between countries during the period 1990-2019. Although there was a clear global decrease in the age-standardised death, and DALY rates, some countries experienced an increase in these rates. National policy makers should learn from these differences, and allocate resources for preventative measures, based on their country-specific estimates. In addition, smoking and elevated FPG play an important role in the burden of bladder cancer and need to be addressed with prevention programmes. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. 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Publication Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study(2019) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (56120364000) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abbasi, Naghmeh (57217836539) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdel-Rahman, Omar (55777635800) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulle, Abdishakur S. M. (6603592018) ;Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje (57192680787) ;Abraha, Haftom Niguse (57195289877) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Advani, Shailesh M. 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(8549393000) ;Yousefi, Bahman (55661388000) ;Yousefifard, Mahmoud (57204566585) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Zabeh, Erfan (56964347100) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Moghadam, Telma Zahirian (57201718494) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zangeneh, Alireza (56071697900) ;Zaki, Leila (57204106631) ;Zendehdel, Kazem (23483051200) ;Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew (57200737185) ;Zewale, Taye Abuhay (57209219258) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080)Murray, Christopher J. L. (55481130700)Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study(2019) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (56120364000) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abbasi, Naghmeh (57217836539) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdel-Rahman, Omar (55777635800) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulle, Abdishakur S. M. (6603592018) ;Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje (57192680787) ;Abraha, Haftom Niguse (57195289877) ;Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal (14032724700) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Advani, Shailesh M. 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(8549393000) ;Yousefi, Bahman (55661388000) ;Yousefifard, Mahmoud (57204566585) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Zabeh, Erfan (56964347100) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Moghadam, Telma Zahirian (57201718494) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zangeneh, Alireza (56071697900) ;Zaki, Leila (57204106631) ;Zendehdel, Kazem (23483051200) ;Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew (57200737185) ;Zewale, Taye Abuhay (57209219258) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080)Murray, Christopher J. L. (55481130700)Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2021) ;Ward, Joseph L. 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;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (57200592416) ;Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy (56804702100) ;Villeneuve, Paul J (7102602822) ;Violante, Francesco S (7003555890) ;Vlassov, Vasily (57211633239) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Vu, Giang Thu (57202424871) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wamai, Richard G (23969762700) ;Wang, Yafeng (57208674780) ;Wang, Yanzhong (59417336500) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana (55326938000) ;Wu, Ai-Min (57203702647) ;Wu, Chenkai (57188764904) ;Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh (57207954055) ;Yamagishi, Kazumasa (35231751500) ;Yano, Yuichiro (57196965200) ;Yaya, Sanni (55191139800) ;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid (56017415700) ;Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew (57214888505) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yoon, Seok-Jun (24823148900) ;Younis, Mustafa Z (8549393000) ;Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh (57039201000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yu, Yong (55628587954) ;Yuce, Deniz (57514476300) ;Zaidi, Syed Saoud (57218882927) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zamanian, Maryam (57201292465) ;Zarafshan, Hadi (55674863400) ;Zarei, Ahmad (59534566400) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Zhao, Xiu-Ju George (8360350900) ;Zhu, Cong (57215121592) ;Patton, George C (7102184358)Viner, Russell M (7005899067)Background: Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10–24 years with that in children aged 0–9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10–24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). Findings: In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39–1·59) worldwide in people aged 10–24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm. Since 1950, deaths in this age group decreased by 30·0% in females and 15·3% in males, and sex-based differences in mortality rate have widened in most regions of the world. Geographical variation has also increased, particularly in people aged 10–14 years. Since 1980, communicable and maternal causes of death have decreased sharply as a proportion of total deaths in most GBD super-regions, but remain some of the most common causes in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, where more than half of all adolescent deaths occur. Annual percentage decrease in all-cause mortality rate since 1990 in adolescents aged 15–19 years was 1·3% in males and 1·6% in females, almost half that of males aged 1–4 years (2·4%), and around a third less than in females aged 1–4 years (2·5%). The proportion of global deaths in people aged 0–24 years that occurred in people aged 10–24 years more than doubled between 1950 and 2019, from 9·5% to 21·6%. Interpretation: Variation in adolescent mortality between countries and by sex is widening, driven by poor progress in reducing deaths in males and older adolescents. Improving global adolescent mortality will require action to address the specific vulnerabilities of this age group, which are being overlooked. Furthermore, indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to jeopardise efforts to improve health outcomes including mortality in young people aged 10–24 years. There is an urgent need to respond to the changing global burden of adolescent mortality, address inequities where they occur, and improve the availability and quality of primary mortality data in this age group. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2021) ;Paulson, Katherine R. (57203437789) ;Kamath, Aruna M. (57204215390) ;Alam, Tahiya (57205589820) ;Bienhoff, Kelly (57201959866) ;Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat (57200315798) ;Abbas, Jaffar (57217776454) ;Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen (57193543882) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abd-Elsalam, Sherief M. (57189845325) ;Abdoli, Amir (59421084100) ;Abedi, Aidin (56673854800) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800) ;Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E. (57216675148) ;Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. (57191479876) ;Adamu, Aishatu L. (57193426164) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel (57209216298) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300) ;Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo (35223041800) ;Adsuar, Jose C. (21738958900) ;Afshari, Khashayar (55916141800) ;Aghaali, Mohammad (38860949800) ;Agudelo-Botero, Marcela (58888387100) ;Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku (57194684030) ;Ahmad, Tauseef (57214283386) ;Ahmadi, Keivan (59396073300) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Aji, Budi (55911737200) ;Akalu, Yonas (57211048375) ;Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo (55322237900) ;Aklilu, Addis (56450972500) ;Al-Aly, Ziyad (9738161500) ;Alam, Khurshid (57203681299) ;Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour (57213607595) ;Alanzi, Turki M. (55978240000) ;Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth (35749450200) ;Al-Eyadhy, Ayman (24554080400) ;Ali, Tilahun (57192295414) ;Alicandro, Gianfranco (36766719200) ;Alif, Sheikh Mohammad (57190228064) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Alizade, Hesam (55759064300) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Almasri, Nihad A. (35301840000) ;Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. 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(57218347447) ;Szócska, Miklós (13410278600) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tadesse, Eyayou Girma (57221591705) ;Taherkhani, Amir (57203973738) ;Tamiru, Animut Tagele (57218877788) ;Tareque, Md Ismail (58298394400) ;Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash (57204006020) ;Temsah, Mohamad-Hani (56115852000) ;Tesfay, Fisaha Haile (57203977293) ;Tessema, Gizachew Assefa (57196316304) ;Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse (57211312128) ;Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman (57202955435) ;Thapar, Rekha (36337431900) ;Tolani, Musliu Adetola (57200450515) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Traini, Eugenio (57211137081) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tripathy, Jaya Prasad (55290251600) ;Tsapparellas, Giorgos (57218836859) ;Tsatsakis, Aristidis (35596169100) ;Car, Lorainne Tudor (48561867100) ;Uddin, Riaz (53064875600) ;Ullah, Anayat (57215320706) ;Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David (57204448015) ;Unim, Brigid (37862108700) ;Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran (12790012100) ;Upadhyay, Era (6505961711) ;Usman, Muhammad Shariq (57203046075) ;Vacante, Marco (23037085900) ;Vaezi, Maryam (55644006900) ;Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan (57216154072) ;Valdez, Pascual R. (57202115577) ;Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (57200592416) ;Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy (56804702100) ;Verma, Madhur (57189521090) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vlassov, Vasily (57211633239) ;Vo, Bay (35147075900) ;Vu, Giang Thu (57202424871) ;Wado, Yohannes Dibaba (55845842100) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wamai, Richard G. (23969762700) ;Wang, Yanping (57215440165) ;Wang, Yanzhong (59417336500) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Ward, Paul (7402101951) ;Werdecker, Andrea (57208964895) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana (55326938000) ;Wilner, Lauren B. (57193699787) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wu, Ai-Min (57203702647) ;Wu, Chenkai (57188764904) ;Xie, Yang (57218877069) ;Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh (57207954055) ;Yamagishi, Kazumasa (35231751500) ;Yandrapalli, Srikanth (56512389300) ;Yaya, Sanni (55191139800) ;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid (56017415700) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yoon, Seok-Jun (24823148900) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousefi, Zabihollah (9743306100) ;Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh (57039201000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusuf, Sifat Shahana (56478251200) ;Zaidi, Syed Saoud (57218882927) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (59866744200) ;Zamanian, Maryam (57201292465) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zastrozhina, Anasthasia (57210832491) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Zhao, Xiu-Ju George (8360350900) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Murray, Christopher J.L. (57224556036) ;Wang, Haidong (16507828100)Kassebaum, Nicholas J. (57202562224)Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods: We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings: Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3–74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2–41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8–29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3–19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030, 154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9·65 million (95% UI 9·05–10·30) in 2000 and 5·05 million (4·27–6·02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3·76 million [95% UI 3·53–4·02]) in 2000 to 48% (2·42 million; 2·06–2·86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0·80 (95% UI 0·71–0·86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1·44 (95% UI 1·27–1·58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1·87 million (95% UI 1·35–2·58; 37% [95% UI 32–43]) of 5·05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. Interpretation: Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve U5MR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018(2022) ;Haeuser, Emily (57221852630) ;Serfes, Audrey L. (57217852981) ;Cork, Michael A. (57208864201) ;Yang, Mingyou (57217859286) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abhilash, E.S. (57226827662) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo (35223041800) ;Afzal, Saira (7004381116) ;Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku (57194684030) ;Ahmadi, Keivan (59396073300) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Akalu, Yonas (57211048375) ;Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola (25633566800) ;Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet (57214884531) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour (57213607595) ;Alanzi, Turki M. 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(57205202128) ;Iwu, Chidozie C. D. (57204657478) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (14318929700) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Ji, John S. (58562329500) ;Johnson, Kimberly B. (57207359220) ;Joseph, Nitin (35292547200) ;Joshua, Vasna (57196474987) ;Joukar, Farahnaz (26024213000) ;Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy (21833993700) ;Kalankesh, Leila R. (12796418600) ;Kalhor, Rohollah (55670548600) ;Kamyari, Naser (57552959000) ;Kanchan, Tanuj (35237157900) ;Matin, Behzad Karami (56943457000) ;Karimi, Salah Eddin (57218689006) ;Kayode, Gbenga A. (53463867400) ;Karyani, Ali Kazemi (56664511600) ;Keramati, Maryam (57203903832) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khan, Gulfaraz (6701635515) ;Khan, Md Nuruzzaman (57209404949) ;Khatab, Khaled (27267685100) ;Khubchandani, Jagdish (57211720011) ;Kim, Yun Jin (57211086375) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Kopec, Jacek A. (7006284395) ;Kosen, Soewarta (57211346192) ;Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane (57196152832) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Krishan, Kewal (57202279708) ;Defo, Barthelemy Kuate (6602271655) ;Kugbey, Nuworza (57195398167) ;Kulkarni, Vaman (56265708400) ;Kumar, Manasi (21739940700) ;Kumar, Nithin (36678889900) ;Kusuma, Dian (57190047530) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Lal, Dharmesh Kumar (57222488984) ;Landires, Iván (15063040000) ;Larson, Heidi Jane (57223681247) ;Lasrado, Savita (36632480900) ;Lee, Paul H. (57200302692) ;Li, Shanshan (57216631901) ;Liu, Xuefeng (37050047900) ;Maleki, Afshin (16402422400) ;Malik, Preeti (57207253020) ;Mansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600) ;Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio (57204796807) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Menezes, Ritesh G. (55517099900) ;Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku (57216203521) ;Meretoja, Tuomo J. (57219008708) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Mirica, Andreea (57188983765) ;Moazen, Babak (57204324006) ;Mohamad, Osama (36342663600) ;Mohammad, Yousef (6603403710) ;Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah (55602206500) ;Mohammadpourhodki, Reza (59552855100) ;Mohammed, Salahuddin (57567912700) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Moradi, Masoud (56506570100) ;Moraga, Paula (46761426800) ;Mubarik, Sumaira (57202290474) ;Mulu, Getaneh Baye B. (57194027635) ;Mwanri, Lillian (6603154148) ;Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074) ;Naimzada, Mukhammad David (57209744761) ;Naveed, Muhammad (58953995300) ;Nazari, Javad (57207759174) ;Ndejjo, Rawlance (56586121600) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Ngalesoni, Frida N. (57219463339) ;Nguefack-Tsague, Georges (55198921200) ;Ngunjiri, Josephine W. (57195296110) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Nnaji, Chukwudi A. 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(56033523400) ;Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi (57218160157) ;Sagar, Rajesh (26643103100) ;Sahiledengle, Biniyam (57204583027) ;Sahu, Maitreyi (57216341277) ;Salem, Marwa Rashad (57194137372) ;Kafil, Hossein Samadi (16233382900) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Sathian, Brijesh (27467953500) ;Seidu, Abdul-Aziz (57200383297) ;Shaheen, Amira A. (57202954176) ;Shaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw (57214329180) ;Shin, Jae Il (57964880100) ;Shrestha, Roman (56556051700) ;Singh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736) ;Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich (57226830981) ;Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna (57218875198) ;Soltani, Shahin (56767763700) ;Sufiyan, Mu’awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Tabuchi, Takahiro (55177892400) ;Tadesse, Eyayou Girma (57221591705) ;Taveira, Nuno (6602731390) ;Tesfay, Fisaha Haile (57203977293) ;Thapar, Rekha (36337431900) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto (56644977900) ;Tsegaye, Gebiyaw Wudie (57216732977) ;Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David (57204448015) ;Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran (12790012100) ;Villafañe, Jorge Hugo (57197861057) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vo, Bay (35147075900) ;Vu, Giang Thu (57202424871) ;Wado, Yohannes Dibaba (55845842100) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wamai, Richard G. (23969762700) ;Wang, Yanzhong (59417336500) ;Ward, Paul (7402101951) ;Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana (55326938000) ;Wilson, Katherine (58339279600) ;Yaya, Sanni (55191139800) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura (50461317900)Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15–59 years across SSA. Methods: We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. Results: We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. Conclusions: As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA. © 2022, The Author(s). - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17(2020) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Miller-Petrie, Molly K. (56387657900) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Johnson, Kimberly B. (57207359220) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abejie, Ayenew Negesse (57203015573) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R. M. (56018773400) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Adamu, Abdu A. (57202024381) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi (57208456508) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. 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(55515807800) ;Wijeratne, Tissa (14051317700) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wolde, Haileab Fekadu (57199530258) ;Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu (57207771936) ;Wonde, Tewodros Eshete (57207759070) ;Worku, Getasew Taddesse (57218197319) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh (57207954055) ;Yamada, Tomohide (37662679800) ;Yaseri, Mehdi (23029507000) ;Yatsuya, Hiroshi (6603908304) ;Yeshaneh, Alex (57204564144) ;Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu (57212019529) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A. (56183368000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zadey, Siddhesh (57188589258) ;Moghadam, Telma Zahirian (57201718494) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zar, Heather J. (7006236599) ;Zerfu, Taddese Alemu (55358278900) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080) ;Zuniga, Yves Miel H. (57194979049) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088)Background: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. Findings: Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39·4–40·7) to 50·3% (50·0–50·5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46·3% (95% UI 46·1–46·5) in 2017, compared with 28·7% (28·5–29·0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253 000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88·6% (95% UI 87·2–89·7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664–711) of the 1830 (1797–1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76·1% (95% UI 71·6–80·7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53·9% (50·6–59·6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017. Interpretation: Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2020) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Deshpande, Aniruddha (57208579336) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Troeger, Christopher E. (57195223624) ;Earl, Lucas (57190371340) ;Munro, Sandra B. (7004622934) ;Abate, Degu (57204237665) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi (57195295816) ;Abebe, Getaneh (57202422848) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. 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(57202115577) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Veisani, Yousef (55370882600) ;Violante, Francesco S. (7003555890) ;Vollmer, Sebastian (24460878700) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Wada, Fiseha Wadilo (57194049305) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Wang, Yafeng (57208674780) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay (57211811032) ;Welgan, Catherine A. (57188448200) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wiangkham, Taweewat (56829456300) ;Wijeratne, Tissa (14051317700) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wolde, Haileab Fekadu (57199530258) ;Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu (57207771936) ;Wonde, Tewodros Eshete (57207759070) ;Wu, Ai-Min (57203702647) ;Xu, Gelin (57203583113) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein (26029029100) ;Yamada, Tomohide (37662679800) ;Yaseri, Mehdi (23029507000) ;Yenesew, Muluken Azage (39361108000) ;Yeshaneh, Alex (57204564144) ;Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu (57212019529) ;Yimer, Ebrahim M. (57204849530) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn (49664327400) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A. (56183368000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos (57193255530) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zeleke, Ayalew Jejaw (57193096860) ;Zepro, Nejimu Biza (57193095335) ;Zewale, Taye Abuhay (57209219258) ;Zhang, Dongyu (57216327764) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhao, Xiu-Ju (8360350900) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080)Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Background Across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. Methods We used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. Findings The greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1-65·8), 17·4% (7·7-28·4), and 59·5% (34·2-86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. Interpretation By co-analysing geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden and its key risk factors, we could assess candidate drivers of subnational death reduction. Further, by doing a counterfactual analysis of the remaining disease burden using key risk factors, we identified potential intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. In view of the demands for limited resources in LMICs, accurately quantifying the burden of diarrhoea and its drivers is important for precision public health. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17(2020) ;Wiens, Kirsten E. (55515807800) ;Lindstedt, Paulina A. (57211558396) ;Blacker, Brigette F. (57202420381) ;Johnson, Kimberly B. (57207359220) ;Baumann, Mathew M. (57211550981) ;Schaeffer, Lauren E. (57208868098) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdelalim, Ahmed (7801307783) ;Abdollahpour, Ibrahim (36997151900) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Abejie, Ayenew Negesse (57203015573) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R.M. (56018773400) ;Abualhasan, Ahmed (57211135523) ;Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou (55353650500) ;Acharya, Dilaram (56770895600) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adamu, Abdu A. (57202024381) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M. (57194329853) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. 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(57188448200) ;Werdecker, Andrea (57208964895) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wiangkham, Taweewat (56829456300) ;Wiysonge, Charles Shey (6507441509) ;Wolde, Haileab Fekadu (57199530258) ;Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu (57207771936) ;Wonde, Tewodros Eshete (57207759070) ;Worku, Getasew Taddesse (57218197319) ;Wu, Ai-Min (57203702647) ;Xu, Gelin (57203583113) ;Yadollahpour, Ali (57204564896) ;Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein (26029029100) ;Yamada, Tomohide (37662679800) ;Yatsuya, Hiroshi (6603908304) ;Yeshaneh, Alex (57204564144) ;Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo (36057611800) ;Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu (57212019529) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Yoon, Seok-Jun (24823148900) ;Younis, Mustafa Z. (8549393000) ;Yousefifard, Mahmoud (57204566585) ;Yousof, Hebat-Allah Salah A. (56183368000) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zadey, Siddhesh (57188589258) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamani, Mohammad (57096222300) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zepro, Nejimu Biza (57193095335) ;Zerfu, Taddese Alemu (55358278900) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhao, Xiu-Ju George (8360350900) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080) ;Zuniga, Yves Miel H. (57194979049) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313)Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088)Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910–68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average. Interpretation: To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers' understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(2020) ;Lozano, Rafael (7102198442) ;Fullman, Nancy (57211064970) ;Mumford, John Everett (57221821974) ;Knight, Megan (57218877591) ;Barthelemy, Celine M (57204563787) ;Abbafati, Cristiana (54917122400) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abd-Allah, Foad (36503428900) ;Abdollahi, Mohammad (57940559800) ;Abedi, Aidin (56673854800) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Abosetugn, Akine Eshete (57041277200) ;Abreu, Lucas Guimarães (55937631400) ;Abrigo, Michael R M (56018773400) ;Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid (57218875672) ;Abushouk, Abdelrahman I (57191479876) ;Adabi, Maryam (57190491886) ;Adebayo, Oladimeji M (57194329853) ;Adekanmbi, Victor (53463192900) ;Adelson, Jaimie (16678347700) ;Adetokunboh, Olatunji O (56598104300) ;Adham, Davoud (55346682700) ;Advani, Shailesh M 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(57196918748) ;Soriano, Joan B (7101973935) ;Sorrie, Muluken Bekele (57195303874) ;Soyiri, Ireneous N (15052406400) ;Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth (57218543838) ;Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T (57212263335) ;Stanaway, Jeffrey D (57201210928) ;Steel, Nicholas (6603791873) ;Stein, Caroline (57196039610) ;Stokes, Mark A (7102859000) ;Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale (58294633600) ;Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul (55496122500) ;Sultan, Iyad (6603943693) ;Szumowski, Łukasz (35566378400) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Tabuchi, Takahiro (55177892400) ;Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar (57207799926) ;Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu (57218876556) ;Tadesse, Degena Bahrey (57213597502) ;Taherkhani, Amir (57203973738) ;Tamiru, Animut Tagele (57218877788) ;Tanser, Frank C (6603089893) ;Tareque, Md Ismail (57219908903) ;Tarigan, Ingan Ukur (54080771800) ;Teagle, Whitney L (57218878359) ;Tediosi, Fabrizio (6603388399) ;Tefera, Yonas Getaye Getaye (56043059700) ;Tela, Freweini Gebrearegay (57207762498) ;Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse (57211312128) ;Thakur, Bhaskar (56810826900) ;Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna (57216631666) ;Tonelli, Marcello (7103102534) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Topouzis, Fotis (57194262710) ;Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto (56644977900) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Travillian, Ravensara (8242478000) ;Troeger, Christopher E (57195223624) ;Tudor Car, Lorainne (48561867100) ;Uddin, Riaz (53064875600) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David (57204448015) ;Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran (12790012100) ;Upadhyay, Era (6505961711) ;Uthman, Olalekan A (23026328100) ;Vacante, Marco (23037085900) ;Valdez, Pascual R (57202115577) ;Varughese, Santosh (22942817500) ;Vasankari, Tommi Juhani (57200592416) ;Vasseghian, Yasser (56176005000) ;Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy (56804702100) ;Violante, Francesco S (7003555890) ;Vlassov, Vasily (57211633239) ;Vollset, Stein Emil (57196315778) ;Vongpradith, Avina (57216661011) ;Vos, Theo (57223885848) ;Waheed, Yasir (35303643700) ;Walters, Magdalene K (58375486400) ;Wamai, Richard G (23969762700) ;Wang, Haidong (16507828100) ;Wang, Yuan-Pang (8576812100) ;Weintraub, Robert G (7006079405) ;Weiss, Jordan (57195982912) ;Werdecker, Andrea (57208964895) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Wilner, Lauren B (57193699787) ;Woldu, Gebremariam (57208146649) ;Wolfe, Charles D A (57202754705) ;Wu, Ai-Min (57203702647) ;Wulf Hanson, Sarah (57212263269) ;Xie, Yang (57218877069) ;Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein (26029029100) ;Yamagishi, Kazumasa (35231751500) ;Yano, Yuichiro (57196965200) ;Yaya, Sanni (55191139800) ;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid (56017415700) ;Yearwood, Jamal A (57202282849) ;Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew (57214888505) ;Yip, Paul (7102503720) ;Yonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657) ;Younis, Mustafa Z (8549393000) ;Yousefi, Zabihollah (9743306100) ;Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh (57039201000) ;Yusefzadeh, Hasan (55887807200) ;Zadey, Siddhesh (57188589258) ;Zahirian Moghadam, Telma (57201718494) ;Zaidi, Syed Saoud (57218882927) ;Zaki, Leila (57204106631) ;Zaman, Sojib Bin (57193070058) ;Zamanian, Maryam (57201292465) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich (56728932200) ;Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu (57204194125) ;Zhang, Yunquan (56568510200) ;Zhao, Xiu-Ju George (8360350900) ;Zhao, Yingxi (57194059646) ;Zheng, Peng (57213707656) ;Zhu, Cong (57215121592) ;Ziapour, Arash (57202571078) ;Zlavog, Bianca S (57201657821) ;Zodpey, Sanjay (7003415080)Murray, Christopher J L (57224556036)Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target—1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023—we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023. Findings: Globally, performance on the UHC effective coverage index improved from 45·8 (95% uncertainty interval 44·2–47·5) in 1990 to 60·3 (58·7–61·9) in 2019, yet country-level UHC effective coverage in 2019 still spanned from 95 or higher in Japan and Iceland to lower than 25 in Somalia and the Central African Republic. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa showed accelerated gains on the UHC effective coverage index (at an average increase of 2·6% [1·9–3·3] per year up to 2019); by contrast, most other GBD super-regions had slowed rates of progress in 2010–2019 relative to 1990–2010. Many countries showed lagging performance on effective coverage indicators for non-communicable diseases relative to those for communicable diseases and maternal and child health, despite non-communicable diseases accounting for a greater proportion of potential health gains in 2019, suggesting that many health systems are not keeping pace with the rising non-communicable disease burden and associated population health needs. In 2019, the UHC effective coverage index was associated with pooled health spending per capita (r=0·79), although countries across the development spectrum had much lower UHC effective coverage than is potentially achievable relative to their health spending. Under maximum efficiency of translating health spending into UHC effective coverage performance, countries would need to reach $1398 pooled health spending per capita (US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity) in order to achieve 80 on the UHC effective coverage index. From 2018 to 2023, an estimated 388·9 million (358·6–421·3) more population equivalents would have UHC effective coverage, falling well short of the GPW13 target of 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC during this time. Current projections point to an estimated 3·1 billion (3·0–3·2) population equivalents still lacking UHC effective coverage in 2023, with nearly a third (968·1 million [903·5–1040·3]) residing in south Asia. Interpretation: The present study demonstrates the utility of measuring effective coverage and its role in supporting improved health outcomes for all people—the ultimate goal of UHC and its achievement. Global ambitions to accelerate progress on UHC service coverage are increasingly unlikely unless concerted action on non-communicable diseases occurs and countries can better translate health spending into improved performance. Focusing on effective coverage and accounting for the world's evolving health needs lays the groundwork for better understanding how close—or how far—all populations are in benefiting from UHC. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication The global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2019) ;Safiri, Saeid (56009654100) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (36248136000) ;Ikuta, Kevin S. (57211541916) ;Bisignano, Catherine (57211140934) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Delavari, Alireza (14007282700) ;Ansari, Reza (58085864000) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Merat, Shahin (6603772416) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Force, Lisa M. (57188548035) ;Nixon, Molly R. (57204562047) ;Abbastabar, Hedayat (57212441848) ;Abegaz, Kedir Hussein (57200726326) ;Afarideh, Mohsen (56227034300) ;Ahmadi, Ayat (36466047900) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Akinyemiju, Tomi (57202561503) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Ali, Raghib (57196506541) ;Alikhani, Mahtab (55210083900) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Aljunid, Syed Mohamed (6504304159) ;Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad (55665024700) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. (57219673720) ;Alvis-Guzman, Nelson (57210741239) ;Amini, Saeed (57210811281) ;Anber, Nahla Hamed (57202351369) ;Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza (57192807651) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Arefi, Zohreh (57193419813) ;Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad (57226675591) ;Azadmehr, Abbas (23007844200) ;Badawi, Alaa (57216776029) ;Baheiraei, Nafiseh (54792717600) ;Bärnighausen, Till Winfried (23011726900) ;Basaleem, Huda (6505771974) ;Behzadifar, Masoud (57204671696) ;Behzadifar, Meysam (59429991000) ;Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche (58786721200) ;Berhe, Kidanemaryam (57193112694) ;Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266) ;Biadgo, Belete (55672090500) ;Bijani, Ali (23134684900) ;Biondi, Antonio (57226837403) ;Bjørge, Tone (7004208100) ;Borzì, Antonio M. (57200199389) ;Bosetti, Cristina (7005452936) ;Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R. (57193524147) ;Brenner, Hermann (7201832825) ;Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich (57202792237) ;Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich (7004344976) ;Carreras, Giulia (57221176357) ;Carvalho, Félix (7103070417) ;Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. (35769124700) ;Cerin, Ester (14522064200) ;Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia (59846886500) ;Chido-Amajuoyi, Onyema Greg (57204176505) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil (57202555163) ;Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam (57202214514) ;Desai, Rupak (57188681812) ;Dianati Nasab, Mostafa (57281638900) ;Eftekhari, Aziz (56829076800) ;El Sayed, Iman (7004479194) ;Elbarazi, Iffat (58509635500) ;Emamian, Mohammad Hassan (55181897800) ;Endries, Aman Yesuf (57216324852) ;Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz (56450483600) ;Esteghamati, Alireza (11240321100) ;Etemadi, Arash (7004686554) ;Farzadfar, Farshad (57195049611) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Fernandes, João C. (35274726800) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) ;Fischer, Florian (55508208800) ;Foroutan, Masoud (58948371300) ;Gad, Mohamed M. (57203749611) ;Gallus, Silvano (7005387365) ;Ghaseni-Kebria, Fatemeh (55375323600) ;Ghashghaee, Ahmad (57194174020) ;Gorini, Giuseppe (56509988200) ;Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (57216814261) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364) ;Haj-Mirzaian, Arya (57226201352) ;Hasanpour-Heidari, Susan (57205330189) ;Hasanzadeh, Amir (57193162243) ;Hassanipour, Soheil (57191513993) ;Hay, Simon I. (7101875313) ;Hoang, Chi Linh (57205123375) ;Hostiuc, Mihaela (51763789200) ;Househ, Mowafa (8667908000) ;Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800) ;Ilic, Milena D. (7102981394) ;Innos, Kaire (57217314902) ;Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543) ;Islami, Farhad (56926442900) ;Jaca, Anelisa (57191066193) ;Jafari Balalami, Nader (57211139609) ;Jafari Delouei, Nastaran (57103764500) ;Jafarinia, Morteza (57194211648) ;Jahani, Mohammad Ali (56091589300) ;Jakovljevic, Mihajlo (14318929700) ;James, Spencer L. (57202557998) ;Javanbakht, Mehdi (57204619886) ;Jenabi, Ensiyeh (15755615100) ;Jha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400) ;Joukar, Farahnaz (26024213000) ;Kasaeian, Amir (57195540738) ;Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale (58686045600) ;Kassaw, Mesfin Wudu (57204846167) ;Kengne, Andre Pascal (7801322838) ;Khader, Yousef Saleh (55654192600) ;Khaksarian, Mojtaba (56031200900) ;Khalilov, Rovshan (57193308858) ;Khan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274) ;Khayamzadeh, Maryam (57212086295) ;Khazaee-Pool, Maryam (56094659600) ;Khazaei, Salman (55420466900) ;Khosravi Shadmani, Fatemeh (55661985900) ;Khubchandani, Jagdish (57211720011) ;Kim, Daniel (57223019104) ;Kisa, Adnan (6603346067) ;Kisa, Sezer (14030019900) ;Kocarnik, Jonathan M. (56041211800) ;Komaki, Hamidreza (56712484800) ;Kopec, Jacek A. (7006284395) ;Koyanagi, Ai (57197741912) ;Kuipers, Ernst J. (55171198600) ;Kumar, Vivek (57459719500) ;La Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200) ;Lami, Faris Hasan (57200737005) ;Lopez, Alan D. (7401455668) ;Lopukhov, Platon D. (57191340780) ;Lunevicius, Raimundas (57216165063) ;Majeed, Azeem (7102027801) ;Majidinia, Maryam (55392260500) ;Manafi, Amir (57210259848) ;Manafi, Navid (57190424904) ;Manda, Ana-Laura (57204567674) ;Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz (6602590019) ;Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni (7006357517) ;Mehta, Dhruv (26645028900) ;Meier, Toni (36678887300) ;Meles, Hagazi Gebre (57204559084) ;Mendoza, Walter (57216905642) ;Mestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107) ;Miazgowski, Bartosz (56857536900) ;Miazgowski, Tomasz (6701404689) ;Mir, Seyed Mostafa (56715133100) ;Mirzaei, Hamed (37034594600) ;Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin (57205300378) ;Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser (57552959000) ;Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah (55602206500) ;Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad (56085853400) ;Mohammed, Shafiu (57838689000) ;Mohebi, Farnam (55633844600) ;Mokdad, Ali H. (7004813962) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moossavi, Maryam (56176927500) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradpour, Farhad (55540661600) ;Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah (55179399300) ;Nahvijou, Azin (18837247000) ;Naik, Gurudatta (56020694000) ;Najafi, Farid (21743304900) ;Nazari, Javad (57207759174) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Negru, Serban (6602216697) ;Nguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200) ;Nguyen, Trang Huyen (59142352200) ;Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini (57195329470) ;Ogbo, Felix Akpojene (57200737136) ;Olagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700) ;Olagunju, Tinuke O. (57203076824) ;Pana, Adrian (57191837583) ;Pereira, David M. (57200690024) ;Pirestani, Majid (24176306700) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Poustchi, Hossein (8622806500) ;Qorbani, Mostafa (24831040300) ;Rabiee, Mohammad (24587922100) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rahmati, Marveh (15061646700) ;Rajati, Fatemeh (54780507400) ;Raoofi, Samira (57210565167) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Reiner, Robert C. (57203229088) ;Renzaho, Andre M N. (6505786588) ;Rezaei, Nima (57216077273) ;Rezapour, Aziz (55548281300) ;Saad, Anas M. (57143724900) ;Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad (57210190791) ;Saddik, Basema (23020079300) ;Salehi, Farkhonde (57211142013) ;Zahabi, Saleh Salehi (57208184518) ;Salz, Inbal (57199623777) ;Samy, Abdallah M. (36973661300) ;Sanabria, Juan (7006262917) ;Santric Milicevic, Milena M. (57211144346) ;Sarveazad, Arash (54882387000) ;Satpathy, Maheswar (57202563691) ;Schneider, Ione J C. (57201292772) ;Sekerija, Mario (30268005400) ;Shaahmadi, Faramarz (57193913634) ;Shabaninejad, Hosein (56047947500) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Sharafi, Zeinab (59821907300) ;Sharif, Mehdi (16022734200) ;Sharifi, Amrollah (57190882876) ;Sheikhbahaei, Sara (57219637352) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K. (57208838253) ;Silva, Diego Augusto Santos (36985158000) ;Sisay, Mekonnen (57193254700) ;Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel (23486879900) ;Soofi, Moslem (56373891000) ;Soreide, Kjetil (9233319000) ;Soshnikov, Sergey (57195195606) ;Starodubov, Vladimir I. (6701820838) ;Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael (6602981102) ;Sullman, Mark (6602352041) ;Taherkhani, Amir (57203973738) ;Tesfay, Berhe Etsay (57211142477) ;Topor-Madry, Roman (57211182892) ;Traini, Eugenio (57211137081) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Uthman, Olalekan A. (23026328100) ;Vacante, Marco (23037085900) ;Vahedian-Azimi, Amir (56942507000) ;Valli, Alessandro (35312667300) ;Varavikova, Elena (7801408611) ;Vujcic, Isidora S. (55957120100) ;Westerman, Ronny (57218361023) ;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid (56017415700) ;Yisma, Engida (55556060700) ;Yu, Chuanhua (57208140344) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zahirian Moghadam, Telma (57201718494) ;Zaki, Leila (57204106631) ;Zandian, Hamed (57205175627) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Murray, Christopher J L. (55481130700) ;Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323)Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760)Background: Data about the global, regional, and country-specific variations in the levels and trends of colorectal cancer are required to understand the impact of this disease and the trends in its burden to help policy makers allocate resources. Here we provide a status report on the incidence, mortality, and disability caused by colorectal cancer in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. Methods: Vital registration, sample vital registration, verbal autopsy, and cancer registry data were used to generate incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) estimates of colorectal cancer at the global, regional, and national levels. We also determined the association between development levels and colorectal cancer age-standardised DALY rates, and calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. All of the estimates are reported as counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years, with some estimates also presented by sex and 5-year age groups. Findings: In 2017, there were 1·8 million (95% UI 1·8–1·9) incident cases of colorectal cancer globally, with an age-standardised incidence rate of 23·2 (22·7–23·7) per 100 000 person-years that increased by 9·5% (4·5–13·5) between 1990 and 2017. Globally, colorectal cancer accounted for 896 000 (876 300–915 700) deaths in 2017, with an age-standardised death rate of 11·5 (11·3–11·8) per 100 000 person-years, which decreased between 1990 and 2017 (−13·5% [–18·4 to −10·0]). Colorectal cancer was also responsible for 19·0 million (18·5–19·5) DALYs globally in 2017, with an age-standardised rate of 235·7 (229·7–242·0) DALYs per 100 000 person-years, which decreased between 1990 and 2017 (−14·5% [–20·4 to −10·3]). Slovakia, the Netherlands, and New Zealand had the highest age-standardised incidence rates in 2017. Greenland, Hungary, and Slovakia had the highest age-standardised death rates in 2017. Numbers of incident cases and deaths were higher among males than females up to the ages of 80–84 years, with the highest rates observed in the oldest age group (≥95 years) for both sexes in 2017. There was a non-linear association between the Socio-demographic Index and the Healthcare Access and Quality Index and age-standardised DALY rates. In 2017, the three largest contributors to DALYs at the global level, for both sexes, were diet low in calcium (20·5% [12·9–28·9]), alcohol use (15·2% [12·1–18·3]), and diet low in milk (14·3% [5·1–24·8]). Interpretation: There is substantial global variation in the burden of colorectal cancer. Although the overall colorectal cancer age-standardised death rate has been decreasing at the global level, the increasing age-standardised incidence rate in most countries poses a major public health challenge across the world. The results of this study could be useful for policy makers to carry out cost-effective interventions and to reduce exposure to modifiable risk factors, particularly in countries with high incidence or increasing burden. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. 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Publication The global, regional, and national burden of oesophageal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017(2020) ;Kamangar, Farin (6603901311) ;Nasrollahzadeh, Dariush (6506754374) ;Safiri, Saeid (56009654100) ;Sepanlou, Sadaf G (36248136000) ;Fitzmaurice, Christina (57212628757) ;Ikuta, Kevin S (57211541916) ;Bisignano, Catherine (57211140934) ;Islami, Farhad (56926442900) ;Roshandel, Gholamreza (14034446800) ;Lim, Stephen S (57201800433) ;Abolhassani, Hassan (58597704600) ;Abu-Gharbieh, Eman (24586714800) ;Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji (55947572800) ;Advani, Shailesh M (56841222900) ;Ahmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317) ;Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine (57195488258) ;Akinyemiju, Tomi (57202561503) ;Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet (57214884531) ;Alahdab, Fares (55135922900) ;Alipour, Vahid (56436629300) ;Almasi-Hashiani, Amir (42360952700) ;Almulhim, Abdulaziz M (57214888779) ;Anber, Nahla Hamed (57202351369) ;Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza (57192807651) ;Arabloo, Jalal (57208760927) ;Arab-Zozani, Morteza (57210284593) ;Awedew, Atalel Fentahun (57216741537) ;Badawi, Alaa (57216776029) ;Berfield, Kathleen S Sachiko (56543558900) ;Berhe, Kidanemaryam (57193112694) ;Bhattacharyya, Krittika (57204647266) ;Biondi, Antonio (57226837403) ;Bjørge, Tone (7004208100) ;Borzì, Antonio Maria (57200199389) ;Bosetti, Cristina (7005452936) ;Carreras, Giulia (57221176357) ;Carvalho, Felix (7103070417) ;Castro, Clara (54787333700) ;Chu, Dinh-Toi (56239816300) ;Costa, Vera Marisa (17134373000) ;Dagnew, Baye (57208599718) ;Gela, Jiregna Darega (57200246805) ;Daryani, Ahmad (16021522200) ;Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen (57204717669) ;Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam (57202214514) ;Dianatinasab, Mostafa (57281638900) ;Elbarazi, Iffat (58509635500) ;Emamian, Mohammad Hassan (55181897800) ;Etemadi, Arash (7004686554) ;Faris, Pawan Sirwan (57203120211) ;Fernandes, Eduarda (34770207500) ;Filip, Irina (55570061400) 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;Mohammed, Jemal Abdu (57211142589) ;Mohebi, Farnam (55633844600) ;Mokdad, Ali H (7004813962) ;Monasta, Lorenzo (7801520497) ;Moosavi, Delaram (57216754655) ;Moosazadeh, Mahmood (35771326500) ;Moradi, Ghobad (48161434000) ;Moradpour, Farhad (55540661600) ;Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah (55179399300) ;Naik, Gurudatta (56020694000) ;Negoi, Ionut (57200640014) ;Nggada, Haruna Asura (8376121100) ;Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406) ;Nikbakhsh, Rajan (57204566375) ;Nixon, Molly R (57204562047) ;Olagunju, Andrew T (26029995700) ;Olagunju, Tinuke O (57203076824) ;Padubidri, Jagadish Rao (58295062300) ;Pakshir, Keyvan (15838075900) ;Patel, Shanti (57072227700) ;Pathak, Mona (57194053763) ;Pham, Hai Quang (57217078995) ;Pourshams, Akram (6507521541) ;Rabiee, Navid (57201008317) ;Rabiee, Mohammad (24587922100) ;Radfar, Amir (57194428768) ;Rafiei, Alireza (13205769200) ;Ramezanzadeh, Kiana (57200621924) ;Rath, Goura Kishor (35444818200) ;Rathi, Priya (57216633909) ;Rawaf, Salman (6602475959) ;Rawaf, David Laith (57209228052) ;Rezaei, Nima (57216077273) ;Roro, Elias Merdassa (57203038680) ;Saad, Anas M (57143724900) ;Salimzadeh, Hamideh (23052386900) ;Samy, Abdallah M (36973661300) ;Sartorius, Benn (12788526800) ;Sarveazad, Arash (54882387000) ;Sekerija, Mario (30268005400) ;Sha, Feng (57190308655) ;Shamsizadeh, Morteza (57195940127) ;Sheikhbahaei, Sara (57219637352) ;Shirkoohi, Reza (12776374400) ;Malleshappa, Sudeep K Siddappa (57210728908) ;Singh, Jasvinder A (7404421736) ;Sinha, Dhirendra Narain (7201637609) ;Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel (23486879900) ;Soshnikov, Sergey (57195195606) ;Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul (55496122500) ;Tadesse, Degena Bahrey (57213597502) ;Tesfay, Berhe Etsay (57211142477) ;Thakur, Bhaskar (56810826900) ;Traini, Eugenio (57211137081) ;Tran, Khanh Bao (57201651536) ;Tran, Bach Xuan (57209107515) ;Ullah, Irfan (56992676600) ;Vacante, Marco (23037085900) ;Veisani, Yousef (55370882600) ;Vujcic, Isidora S (55957120100) ;Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay (57211811032) ;Xu, Rixing (57204186670) ;Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid (56017415700) ;Yuce, Deniz (57514476300) ;Zadnik, Vesna (57202975428) ;Zaidi, Zoubida (57197376721) ;Zhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400) ;Malekzadeh, Reza (7005197760)Naghavi, Mohsen (57207906323)Background Oesophageal cancer is a common and often fatal cancer that has two main histological subtypes: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Updated statistics on the incidence and mortality of oesophageal cancer, and on the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by the disease, can assist policy makers in allocating resources for prevention, treatment, and care of oesophageal cancer. We report the latest estimates of these statistics for 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017, by age, sex, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD). Methods We used data from vital registration systems, vital registration-samples, verbal autopsy records, and cancer registries, combined with relevant modelling, to estimate the mortality, incidence, and burden of oesophageal cancer from 1990 to 2017. Mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) were estimated and fed into a Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) including risk factors. MIRs were used for mortality and non-fatal modelling. Estimates of DALYs attributable to the main risk factors of oesophageal cancer available in GBD were also calculated. The proportion of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma to all oesophageal cancers was extracted by use of publicly available data, and its variation was examined against SDI, the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index, and available risk factors in GBD that are specific for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (eg, unimproved water source and indoor air pollution) and for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (gastro-oesophageal reflux disease). Findings There were 473 000 (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI] 459 000-485 000) new cases of oesophageal cancer and 436 000 (425 000-448 000) deaths due to oesophageal cancer in 2017. Age-standardised incidence was 5.9 (5.7-6.1) per 100 000 population and age-standardised mortality was 5.5 (5.3-5.6) per 100 000. Oesophageal cancer caused 9.78 million (9.53-10.03) DALYs, with an age-standardised rate of 120 (117-123) per 100 000 population. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised incidence decreased by 22.0% (18.6-25.2), mortality decreased by 29.0% (25.8-32.0), and DALYs decreased by 33.4% (30.4-36.1) globally. However, as a result of population growth and ageing, the total number of new cases increased by 52.3% (45.9-58.9), from 310 000 (300 000-322 000) to 473 000 (459 000-485 000); the number of deaths increased by 40.0% (34.1-46.3), from 311 000 (301 000-323 000) to 436 000 (425 000-448 000); and total DALYs increased by 27.4% (22.1-33.1), from 7.68 million (7.42-7.97) to 9.78 million (9.53-10.03). At the national level, China had the highest number of incident cases (235 000 [223 000-246 000]), deaths (213 000 [203 000-223 000]), and DALYs (4.46 million [4.25-4.69]) in 2017. The highest national-level agestandardised incidence rates in 2017 were observed in Malawi (23.0 [19.4-26.5] per 100 000 population) and Mongolia (18.5 [16.4-20.8] per 100 000). In 2017, age-standardised incidence was 2.7 times higher, mortality 2.9 times higher, and DALYs 3.0 times higher in males than in females. In 2017, a substantial proportion of oesophageal cancer DALYs were attributable to known risk factors: tobacco smoking (39.0% [35.5-42.2]), alcohol consumption (33.8% [27.3-39.9]), high BMI (19.5% [6.3-36.0]), a diet low in fruits (19.1% [4.2-34.6]), and use of chewing tobacco (7.5% [5.2-9.6]). Countries with a low SDI and HAQ Index and high levels of indoor air pollution had a higher proportion of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma to all oesophageal cancer cases than did countries with a high SDI and HAQ Index and with low levels of indoor air pollution. Interpretation Despite reductions in age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, oesophageal cancer remains a major cause of cancer mortality and burden across the world. Oesophageal cancer is a highly fatal disease, requiring increased primary prevention efforts and, possibly, screening in some high-risk areas. Substantial variation exists in age-standardised incidence rates across regions and countries, for reasons that are unclear. © 2020 The Author(s).