Browsing by Author "Štimec, Bojan (7003411337)"

Considering the developmental mutuality of the hepatic excretory ducts and pancreas it is possible to anticipate that the total number of the gravidities (artificial abortions + full-term deliveries) are influencing the morphological status of the pancreatic ductal system. Sixty seven women and 40 men underwent ultrasonographic examination that revealed no pathological changes on their biliopancreatic system. The diameters of Wirsung's duct in head, body and tail of pancreas, showed a gradual increasing in the function of the full-term deliveries: in the head diameters averagely ranged from 1.69 (one delivery) to 2.37 mm (three or more deliveries); manifesting same tendencies for the diameters in the body and the tail. The analysis based on the total number of pregnancies evaluated variations between 1.97 (women with two pregnancies) to 2.35 (women with five or more pregnancies). The correlation of the number of pregnancies and full-term deliveries with the change of the diameter of the pancreatic duct was verified by statistical tests of correlation and linear regression. Mentioned methods evaluated the relationship between the obtained parameters in our group of the female examinees although results obtained did not surpass commonly accepted ranges.

Conclusion: Endoscopic manometry in patients with chronic pancreatitis has demonstrated some manometric abnormalities in the sphincter of Oddi, but these abnormalities have no significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Background: The study was undertaken to determine whether the sphincter of Oddi dysfunction plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Methods: Manometric investigation was performed in 32 patients with chronic pancreatitis. Twenty-three of them had alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis, seven had biliary pancreatitis, and two patients had annular pancreas with chronic pancreatitis. Fifteen of them had dilated main pancreatic duct. Twenty-one cholecystectomized patients with no abnormality of the pancreas and biliary system served as controls. Results: This study showed no significant difference in the mean pressures in the pancreatic duct, sphincter of Oddi (basal and phasic), and frequency of the sphincter of Oddi phasic contractions when comparing patients and controls. Sphincter of Oddi basal pressure (26-44 mmHg) was markedly increased in seven patients, whereas three patients (two of them had increased sphincter of Oddi basal pressure) had increased pancreatic duct pressure (20-24 mmHg). Increased numbers of retrograde contractions were found in seven patients.

Conclusion: Endoscopic manometry in patients with chronic pancreatitis has demonstrated some manometric abnormalities in the sphincter of Oddi, but these abnormalities have no significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Background: The study was undertaken to determine whether the sphincter of Oddi dysfunction plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Methods: Manometric investigation was performed in 32 patients with chronic pancreatitis. Twenty-three of them had alcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis, seven had biliary pancreatitis, and two patients had annular pancreas with chronic pancreatitis. Fifteen of them had dilated main pancreatic duct. Twenty-one cholecystectomized patients with no abnormality of the pancreas and biliary system served as controls. Results: This study showed no significant difference in the mean pressures in the pancreatic duct, sphincter of Oddi (basal and phasic), and frequency of the sphincter of Oddi phasic contractions when comparing patients and controls. Sphincter of Oddi basal pressure (26-44 mmHg) was markedly increased in seven patients, whereas three patients (two of them had increased sphincter of Oddi basal pressure) had increased pancreatic duct pressure (20-24 mmHg). Increased numbers of retrograde contractions were found in seven patients.

Comprehension of the mesencephalic syndromes that affect oculomotor nerve fascicles requires a detailed knowledge of their relationship with the adjacent structures and the blood supply of the central midbrain region. This was the reasoning behind our study, which was performed in ten serially sectioned midbrains stained with cresyl violet and luxol fast blue, in three microdissected midbrains, and in two injected and cleared specimens. Three continuous groups of the intramesencephalic oculomotor nerve fascicles were distinguished: the caudal, intermediate and rostral. The caudal fascicles, which most likely innervate the superior rectus and the levator palpebrae superioris muscles, extend through the superior cerebellar peduncle just caudal to the red nucleus and close to the lateral lemniscus. The intermediate fascicles, devoted to the medial rectus and the inferior oblique muscles, always pass through the superior cerebellar peduncle, just medial to the caudal part of the red nucleus (60 %), and less frequently (40 %) through the nucleus itself. The rostral oculomotor fascicles, which terminate in the inferior rectus and sphincter pupillae muscles, course medial to the rostral part of the red nucleus. While the rostral and intermediate oculomotor fascicles are supplied only by the medial twigs of the paramedian mesencephalic perforating arteries, the caudal fascicles are also nourished by the lateral branches of the same perforating arteries. The data obtained form an important basis for the explanation of certain mesencephalic syndromes, and even anticipate some new syndromes not yet described in the literature. © Japanese Association of Anatomists 2012.

A study of structure and function of the minor duodenal papilla was carried out on 36 autopsy specimens of the human duodenopancreas. An original perfusion method with manometric control was developed for testing the minor papilla patency, i.e. resistency to intraductal pressure. According to this test, all the specimens were classified as: Type I: non-patent (45%); Type II: patent under normal, physiological pressure (36%); and Type III: patent under increased pressure (19%). After that, the whole minor papilla specimens underwent longitudinal sectioning with HE staining. Light microscopy showed various degrees of fibrosis (mild - 45%, moderate - 29%, and severe - 26%). The correlation between the fibrosis and the patency was significant: papillae with lower degrees of fibrosis were more patent and vice versa. Further, the pancreatic tissue in the Santorini segment of the pancreatic head followed the same manner. No apparent sphincter of the minor papilla was found in any of the specimens analyzed. © 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

A study of structure and function of the minor duodenal papilla was carried out on 36 autopsy specimens of the human duodenopancreas. An original perfusion method with manometric control was developed for testing the minor papilla patency, i.e. resistency to intraductal pressure. According to this test, all the specimens were classified as: Type I: non-patent (45%); Type II: patent under normal, physiological pressure (36%); and Type III: patent under increased pressure (19%). After that, the whole minor papilla specimens underwent longitudinal sectioning with HE staining. Light microscopy showed various degrees of fibrosis (mild - 45%, moderate - 29%, and severe - 26%). The correlation between the fibrosis and the patency was significant: papillae with lower degrees of fibrosis were more patent and vice versa. Further, the pancreatic tissue in the Santorini segment of the pancreatic head followed the same manner. No apparent sphincter of the minor papilla was found in any of the specimens analyzed. © 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

BACKGROUND: While the characteristics of the vasculature of the second (intracanalicular) segment of the hypoglossal nerve are well known, the vascularization of the first (cisternal) segment of this nerve has not been examined so far. Many pathologic processes and malformations can be located in the premedullary cistern, which may affect the vasculature of the cisternal segment. Consequently, we decided to examine the blood supply of the cisternal segment. METHODS: The anatomic features of the cisternal segment and its vasculature were examined in 15 hypoglossal nerves after injection of india ink and gelatin into the vertebrobasilar arterial system. RESULTS: The cisternal segment was noted to consist of 3-15 long roots, which usually formed two trunks of the hypoglossal nerve. The roots of each nerve received blood from the anterolateral and the lateral medullary arteries, which ranged from 3 to 5 in number and between 100 μm and 500 μm in caliber. These arteries may arise from the perforating branches or the pontomedullary branch of the basilar artery; the vertebral artery or its perforators; the anterior spinal artery or its vascular roots; the posterior spinal artery; and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. The main hypoglossal arteries, which ranged in diameter from 20 μm to 80 μm, always coursed along the dorsal surface of the roots of the hypoglossal nerve. CONCLUSIONS: The cisternal segment of the hypoglossal nerve was always vascularized by several vessels, which mainly originated from the vertebral artery and its branches. This observation was discussed from the neurosurgical point of view.

Analysis of 97 human postmortem pancreatograms and 103 endoscopic pancreatograms revealed a total of 3 cases (1.5%) with isolated variants in the branches of the main pancreatic duct. In the first one, tortuous branches were present in the upper head-body region. The second case involved joint tributaries bridging over an unstenosed segment of the main pancreatic duct. In the third case, we found three branches from the uncinate process running down to the main duct. In all of these cases no pathological substrate was found, and they should be considered as anatomical variants observed during interpretation of a radiogram.

Analysis of 97 human postmortem pancreatograms and 103 endoscopic pancreatograms revealed a total of 3 cases (1.5%) with isolated variants in the branches of the main pancreatic duct. In the first one, tortuous branches were present in the upper head-body region. The second case involved joint tributaries bridging over an unstenosed segment of the main pancreatic duct. In the third case, we found three branches from the uncinate process running down to the main duct. In all of these cases no pathological substrate was found, and they should be considered as anatomical variants observed during interpretation of a radiogram.