Browsing by Author "Šipetić-Grujičić, Sandra (6701802171)"

Background/Aim. Insufficient levels of physical activity and poor nutrition, have led to an increase in the number of obese adolescents and cardiometabolic problems. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between eating habits and low physical activity levels among adolescents. Methods. The cross-sectional study, conducted in May 2017, included a total of 389 participants, aged 15–19 years. The study instrument was a questionnaire regarding demographic characteristics, physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form), as well as eating habits. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. A total of 131 participants (33.7%) had a low level of physical activity, and 258 (66.3%) had a moderate/high level of physical activity. Adolescents with moderate/high physical activity were significantly more likely to be male and medical school students. Moreover, they had breakfast significantly more often, consumed fish more than twice a week or at least twice a week, ate fruit once a day or more, and generally ate healthy, compared to the high school students with low physical activity. Among the factors associated with low physical activity were the following: the female gender, eating breakfast never/sometimes, consuming fish less than twice a week, fruit less than once a day, maintaining a healthy diet, and adolescents aged 18–19 years. Conclusion. This study identified several statistically significant independent factors associated with low physical activity in adolescents. Based on the obtained results, it is necessary to undertake certain interventions, promote physical activity, correct eating habits, and the overall lifestyle, with a special emphasis on the female population and teenagers aged 18–19 years. The education of both adolescents and their parents is essential. © 2024 Inst. Sci. inf., Univ. Defence in Belgrade. All rights reserved.

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Aim: To provide a comprehensive assessment of burden of selected cancers in Serbia. Method: We calculated disability adjusted life years (DALY) - the sum of the years of life lost (YLL) from premature mortality and the years lived with disability (YLD) - for cancers of stomach, colon and rectum, lung, breast, and cervical cancer for central Serbia and Vojvodina, Serbia and Montenegro. The obtained values were compared with the corresponding values for European region as estimated by the World Health Organization. The study was conducted between October 2002 and September 2003. The cancer burden was estimated for the year 2000. Results: Observed cancers were responsible for 133 689 DALYs (73 197 for men and 60 482 for women). There were significantly more losses because of premature death than disease disability (95.2% vs 4.8% in men P<0.001, and 93.2% vs 6.8% in females, P<0.001). The cancer burden was dominated by lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women. The cancer burden was very small before the age of 35. Conclusion: DALYs per 1000 population were higher in Serbia than in the European region for all observed cancers except for stomach cancer. The participation of a burden caused by disability in the total burden of selected cancers was lower in Serbia than in other European countries, with the greatest differences in colorectal, breast, and cervical cancers.

Background The Roma ethnic group is the largest and most marginalized minority in Europe, believed to be vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections. Aim The purpose of the study was to investigate frequency and characteristics of gonorrhea and syphilis among the Roma population in Belgrade. Methods Data from the City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases to which all gonorrhea and syphilis cases are referred were analyzed. Results During the period of 2010–2014 sexually transmitted infections were more frequent among Roma than in rest of Belgrade population. Average percentages of Roma among all reported subjects with syphilis and those with gonorrhea were 9.6% and 13.5%, respectively, while the percentage of Roma in the total Belgrade population was about 1.6%. Roma with syphilis and gonorrhea were more frequently men (75%), most frequently aged 20–29 years (43.4%), never married (64.5%), with elementary school or less (59.2%), unemployed (80.3%), and heterosexual (89.5%). Among Roma 10.5% were sex workers and 68.4% did not know the source of their infection. Significant differences between Roma cases and other cases in Belgrade in all characteristics observed were in agreement with differences between Roma population and the total population of Serbia. Conclusion The present study confirmed the vulnerability of the Roma population to sexually transmitted infections. © 2016 Elsevier Editora Ltda.

Penis size is a major body image concern for the majority of men in western nations, while in gay culture the penis has become a body part linked to sexual attractiveness and viability. The aim of this study was to reveal influence of the perceived penis size on sexual behaviour, condom use, sexually transmitted infections and men's sexual positioning among men who have sex with men. In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected from consecutive men who have sex with men who attended Counselling for Sexually Transmitted Diseases at the City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases in Belgrade, Serbia. Out of 319 participants, 6.6% perceived their penis as below average, 71.5% as average, and 21.9% as above average. In comparison with men with an average penis, men with below average penis were more frequently unsatisfied with their penis size (p < 0.05), more frequently lied to others about their penis size (p < 0.001) and took more frequently the passive sexual role (p < 0.05). Men with above average penis were more frequently satisfied with their penis size (p < 0.001), took more frequently the active sexual role (p < 0.01), they had more sexual partners (p < 0.05), more problems with a tight condom (p < 0.001) and more gonorrhoea/Chlamydia infections (p < 0.001) than men with an average penis. Perception of one's penis size was associated with some aspects of sexual behaviour and the frequency of sexually transmitted diseases. © 2019 Milan Bjekić, et al., published by Sciendo 2019.

Background/Aim. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in a surgical population significantly increases morbidity and mortality, prolongs hospitalization and increases total treatment costs. In the present study, we aimed to determine incidence, in-hospital mortality and risk factors (RFs) of HAP in patients with intra-abdominal surgical procedures hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Belgrade (Serbia). Methods. Through regular hospital surveillance of patients who underwent intra-abdominal surgical procedures, we prospectively identified postoperative HAP during five years. In the matched case-control study, every surgical patient with HAP was compared with four control patients without HAP. In the group of patients with HAP, those who died were compared with those who survived. Results. Overall 1.4% of all intra-abdominal surgical patients developed HAP in the postoperative period. The incidence of HAP (per 1,000 operative procedures) was greatest in patients undergoing exploratory laparotomy (102.6), followed by small bowel surgery (36.6), and gastric surgery (22.7). Multivariate logistic regression analysis (MLRA) identified three independent risk factors (RF) associated with HAP: multiple transfusion [p = 0.011; odds ratio (OR): 4.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59-11.33], length of hospital stay (p = 0.024; OR: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.00-1.03) and hospitalization in the Intensive care unit (ICU) (p = 0.043; OR: 2.83; 95%CI: 1.03-7.71). MLRA identified only surgical site infection as an independent RF associated with the poor outcome of HAP (p = 0.017; OR: 5.929; CI95%: 1.37-25.67). Conclusion. The results of the present study are valuable in documenting the relations between RFs and HAP in patients undergoing intra- abdominal surgical procedures. © 2020 Inst. Sci. inf., Univ. Defence in Belgrade. All rights reserved.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate independent risk factors (RFs) connected with healthcare-associated (HA) Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in surgical patients, its frequency per surgical wards and in-hospital-mortality at a single hospital. Methods: Risk factors for the infection were prospectively assessed among surgical patients with laboratory confirmed HA CDI and compared with a control group without HA CDI. Results: The overall incidence rate of HA CDI was 2.6 per 10000 patient-days. Significant independent RFs for HA CDI were the use of carbapenems (P = 0.007, OR: 10.62, 95% CI: 1.93-58.4), the admission to intensive care unit (P = 0.004, OR:3.00, 95% CI:1.41-6.40), and the administration of 3rd generation cephalosporins (P = 0.014, OR:2.27, 95% CI:1.18-4.39). Patients with HA CDI had significantly higher in-hospital mortality compared to controls (P: 0.007; OR: 8.95; 95% CI: 1.84-43.43). Conclusions: CDI is an important HA infection in population of surgical patients and this study emphasizes the importance of the wise use of antibiotics, and other infection control strategies in order to prevent HA CDI, and to decrease the incidence and in-hospital mortality rate. © 2017 The Author(s).

Objective: A worldwide syphilis incidence increase was recorded at the beginning of the new millennium, occurring primarily among men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiological situation of syphilis in the Belgrade population between 2005 and 2014 and to examine the characteristics of an early syphilis outbreak among MSM in Belgrade in 2014. Method: Reporting of syphilis is compulsory in Serbia. Routinely reported data were analysed along with data collected from patients’ charts. Results: During the period observed, syphilis incidence increased from 1.07 per 100,000 in 2005 to 4.1 per 100,000 in 2014 (383.2%). From 2005 to 2009, syphilis rates in Belgrade were low, around 1 case per 100,000 people. The first outbreak was registered in 2010. The new incidence increase happened in 2012, and again in 2014 when it was the highest. These incidence changes were registered mainly in men, where the frequency of syphilis was much higher than in women. In 2014, primary syphilis was diagnosed in 20 cases, secondary syphilis in 42, and early latent syphilis in 9 patients. Fifty-seven were MSM, 10 were heterosexual men and 4 were women. Twenty-four cases, all MSM were co-infected with HIV. Majority of patients acquired infection in Belgrade, while in 42/71 cases oral sex was the only risk factor. In comparison with HIV negative, HIV positive syphilis patients were older, more frequently unemployed and MSM. They also more frequently had sex with unknown partners and were diagnosed in the secondary stage of infection. Conclusions: Study results underline the need for coordinated and expeditious surveillance, partner services, enhanced screening of population at risk, health education, as well as early diagnosis and treatment. © 2017, Czech National Institute of Public Health. All rights reserved.

Background: In the last decade of the 20th century, a considerable effort has been put into the development of summary measures of population health that combine information on mortality and non-fatal health outcomes. We used the DALYs (Disability adjusted life years) method to assess the burden of disease and injury in the population of Serbia. Methods: Our study, largely based on the methods developed for the Global burden of disease study, was conducted between October 2002 and September 2003. DALYs, stratified by gender and age, were calculated for 18 selected health conditions for the population of Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro for 2000. Years of life lost (YLL) were calculated using country mortality statistics, while years lived with disability (YLD) were calculated using different sources of information. Also, the YLD/YYL ratio and age-adjusted rates of DALYs were calculated. Results: Ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, lung cancer, unipolar depressive disorders, and diabetes mellitus were responsible for almost two-thirds (70%) of the total burden of 18 selected disorders in Serbia 2000. The leading five causes for males were ischaemic heart disease (26.1 DALY per 1000), stroke (17.9), lung cancer (12.7), road traffic accidents (6.5), and self-inflicted injuries (5.5). For females, the leading five causes were stroke (18.1 DALY per 1000), ischaemic heart disease (14.1), depression (8.7), breast cancer (6.1), and diabetes mellitus (5.2). Conclusions: The final results of the study have shown that the national health priority areas should cover cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and mental health. © The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.