Schmidt, Chris A. (57195299414)Chris A. (57195299414)SchmidtCromwell, Elizabeth A. (15727546000)Elizabeth A. (15727546000)CromwellHill, Elex (57209096856)Elex (57209096856)HillDonkers, Katie M. (57209108162)Katie M. (57209108162)DonkersSchipp, Megan F. (57210321715)Megan F. (57210321715)SchippJohnson, Kimberly B. (57207359220)Kimberly B. (57207359220)JohnsonPigott, David M. (55320335600)David M. (55320335600)PigottAbbas, Jaffar (57217776454)Jaffar (57217776454)AbbasAdekanmbi, Victor (53463192900)Victor (53463192900)AdekanmbiAdetokunboh, Olatunji O. (56598104300)Olatunji O. (56598104300)AdetokunbohAhmed, Muktar Beshir (57207802317)Muktar Beshir (57207802317)AhmedAlanezi, Fahad Mashhour (57213607595)Fahad Mashhour (57213607595)AlaneziAlanzi, Turki M. (55978240000)Turki M. 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(57218716651)BradyBragazzi, Nicola Luigi (57212030091)Nicola Luigi (57212030091)BragazziButt, Zahid A. (57202522739)Zahid A. (57202522739)ButtCarvalho, Felix (7103070417)Felix (7103070417)CarvalhoChattu, Vijay Kumar (55743746500)Vijay Kumar (55743746500)ChattuDahlawi, Saad M. A. (57189234459)Saad M. A. (57189234459)DahlawiDamiani, Giovanni (57218701806)Giovanni (57218701806)DamianiDemeke, Feleke Mekonnen (57204717669)Feleke Mekonnen (57204717669)DemekeDeribe, Kebede (57193912587)Kebede (57193912587)DeribeDharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda (57226838689)Samath Dhamminda (57226838689)DharmaratneDiaz, Daniel (56644152500)Daniel (56644152500)DiazDidarloo, Alireza (36727027000)Alireza (36727027000)DidarlooEarl, Lucas (57190371340)Lucas (57190371340)EarlZaki, Maysaa El Sayed (57203666922)Maysaa El Sayed (57203666922)ZakiEl Tantawi, Maha (57214851491)Maha (57214851491)El TantawiFattahi, Nazir (16642728600)Nazir (16642728600)FattahiFernandes, Eduarda (34770207500)Eduarda (34770207500)FernandesFoigt, Nataliya A. (57216998893)Nataliya A. (57216998893)FoigtForoutan, Masoud (56986628900)Masoud (56986628900)ForoutanFranklin, Richard Charles (7201428429)Richard Charles (7201428429)FranklinGuo, Yuming (55712472800)Yuming (55712472800)GuoHaj-Mirzaian, Arvin (57210768364)Arvin (57210768364)Haj-MirzaianHamidi, Samer (24366336000)Samer (24366336000)HamidiHassankhani, Hadi (26436359700)Hadi (26436359700)HassankhaniHerteliu, Claudiu (26035943100)Claudiu (26035943100)HerteliuHigazi, Tarig B. (6603143567)Tarig B. (6603143567)HigaziHosseini, Mostafa (57204569481)Mostafa (57204569481)HosseiniHosseinzadeh, Mehdi (57201880569)Mehdi (57201880569)HosseinzadehHouseh, Mowafa (8667908000)Mowafa (8667908000)HousehIlesanmi, Olayinka Stephen (54782692800)Olayinka Stephen (54782692800)IlesanmiIlic, Irena M. (57210823522)Irena M. (57210823522)IlicIlic, Milena D. (7102981394)Milena D. (7102981394)IlicIrvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543)Seyed Sina Naghibi (57202975543)IrvaniJha, Ravi Prakash (58586863400)Ravi Prakash (58586863400)JhaJi, John S. (58562329500)John S. (58562329500)JiJonas, Jost B. (7202492953)Jost B. (7202492953)JonasJozwiak, Jacek Jerzy (21833993700)Jacek Jerzy (21833993700)JozwiakKalankesh, Leila R. (12796418600)Leila R. (12796418600)KalankeshKamyari, Naser (57552959000)Naser (57552959000)KamyariMatin, Behzad Karami (56943457000)Behzad Karami (56943457000)MatinKarimi, Salah Eddin (57218689006)Salah Eddin (57218689006)KarimiKayode, Gbenga A. (53463867400)Gbenga A. (53463867400)KayodeKaryani, Ali Kazemi (58294794300)Ali Kazemi (58294794300)KaryaniKhan, Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274)Ejaz Ahmad (57218791274)KhanKhan, Md Nuruzzaman (57209404949)Md Nuruzzaman (57209404949)KhanKhatab, Khaled (27267685100)Khaled (27267685100)KhatabKhater, Mona M. (57203308114)Mona M. (57203308114)KhaterKianipour, Neda (56564004200)Neda (56564004200)KianipourKim, Yun Jin (57211086375)Yun Jin (57211086375)KimKosen, Soewarta (57211346192)Soewarta (57211346192)KosenKusuma, Dian (57190047530)Dian (57190047530)KusumaLa Vecchia, Carlo (36063266200)Carlo (36063266200)La VecchiaLansingh, Van Charles (57209471470)Van Charles (57209471470)LansinghLee, Paul H. (57200302692)Paul H. (57200302692)LeeLi, Shanshan (57216631901)Shanshan (57216631901)LiMaleki, Shokofeh (57200675775)Shokofeh (57200675775)MalekiMansournia, Mohammad Ali (34570618600)Mohammad Ali (34570618600)MansourniaMartins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio (57204796807)Francisco Rogerlândio (57204796807)Martins-MeloMcAlinden, Colm (35325278500)Colm (35325278500)McAlindenMendoza, Walter (57216905642)Walter (57216905642)MendozaMestrovic, Tomislav (6507240107)Tomislav (6507240107)MestrovicMoghadaszadeh, Masoud (57200791890)Masoud (57200791890)MoghadaszadehMohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah (55602206500)Abdollah (55602206500)Mohammadian-HafshejaniMohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh (57190491827)Seyyede Momeneh (57190491827)MohammadiMohammed, Shafiu (57838689000)Shafiu (57838689000)MohammedMoradzadeh, Rahmatollah (55179399300)Rahmatollah (55179399300)MoradzadehMoraga, Paula (46761426800)Paula (46761426800)MoragaNaderi, Mehdi (57202026927)Mehdi (57202026927)NaderiNagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074)Ahamarshan Jayaraman (57204562074)NagarajanNegoi, Ionut (57200640014)Ionut (57200640014)NegoiNguyen, Cuong Tat (56531347200)Cuong Tat (56531347200)NguyenNguyen, Huong Lan Thi (57226837406)Huong Lan Thi (57226837406)NguyenOancea, Bogdan (26658614800)Bogdan (26658614800)OanceaOlagunju, Andrew T. (26029995700)Andrew T. (26029995700)OlagunjuBali, Ahmed Omar (57201273344)Ahmed Omar (57201273344)BaliOnwujekwe, Obinna E. (7003992855)Obinna E. (7003992855)OnwujekwePana, Adrian (57191837583)Adrian (57191837583)PanaRahimi-Movaghar, Vafa (6507646446)Vafa (6507646446)Rahimi-MovagharRamezanzadeh, Kiana (57200621924)Kiana (57200621924)RamezanzadehRawaf, David Laith (57209228052)David Laith (57209228052)RawafRawaf, Salman (6602475959)Salman (6602475959)RawafRawassizadeh, Reza (36634807900)Reza (36634807900)RawassizadehRezapour, Aziz (55548281300)Aziz (55548281300)RezapourRibeiro, Ana Isabel (36860251200)Ana Isabel (36860251200)RibeiroSamy, Abdallah M. (36973661300)Abdallah M. (36973661300)SamyShaikh, Masood Ali (57203122601)Masood Ali (57203122601)ShaikhSharafi, Kiomars (57194516056)Kiomars (57194516056)SharafiSheikh, Aziz (7202522962)Aziz (7202522962)SheikhSingh, Jasvinder A. (7404421736)Jasvinder A. (7404421736)SinghSkiadaresi, Eirini (37100428500)Eirini (37100428500)SkiadaresiSoltani, Shahin (56767763700)Shahin (56767763700)SoltaniStolk, Wilma A. (6603001987)Wilma A. (6603001987)StolkSufiyan, Mu’Awiyyah Babale (58294633600)Mu’Awiyyah Babale (58294633600)SufiyanThomson, Alan J. (57969994200)Alan J. (57969994200)ThomsonTran, Bach Xuan (57209107515)Bach Xuan (57209107515)TranTran, Khanh Bao (57201651536)Khanh Bao (57201651536)TranUnnikrishnan, Bhaskaran (12790012100)Bhaskaran (12790012100)UnnikrishnanViolante, Francesco S. (7003555890)Francesco S. (7003555890)ViolanteVu, Giang Thu (57202424871)Giang Thu (57202424871)VuYamada, Tomohide (37662679800)Tomohide (37662679800)YamadaYaya, Sanni (55191139800)Sanni (55191139800)YayaYip, Paul (7102503720)Paul (7102503720)YipYonemoto, Naohiro (57204947657)Naohiro (57204947657)YonemotoYu, Chuanhua (57208140344)Chuanhua (57208140344)YuYu, Yong (55628587954)Yong (55628587954)YuZamanian, Maryam (57201292465)Maryam (57201292465)ZamanianZhang, Yunquan (56568510200)Yunquan (56568510200)ZhangZhang, Zhi-Jiang (56068578400)Zhi-Jiang (56068578400)ZhangZiapour, Arash (57202571078)Arash (57202571078)ZiapourHay, Simon I. (7101875313)Simon I. (7101875313)Hay2025-06-122025-06-122022https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02486-yhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137312681&doi=10.1186%2fs12916-022-02486-y&partnerID=40&md5=1c82e1b572e111a4d39efa6c42376d9dhttps://remedy.med.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3217Background: Onchocerciasis is a disease caused by infection with Onchocerca volvulus, which is transmitted to humans via the bite of several species of black fly, and is responsible for permanent blindness or vision loss, as well as severe skin disease. Predominantly endemic in parts of Africa and Yemen, preventive chemotherapy with mass drug administration of ivermectin is the primary intervention recommended for the elimination of its transmission. Methods: A dataset of 18,116 geo-referenced prevalence survey datapoints was used to model annual 2000–2018 infection prevalence in Africa and Yemen. Using Bayesian model-based geostatistics, we generated spatially continuous estimates of all-age 2000–2018 onchocerciasis infection prevalence at the 5 × 5-km resolution as well as aggregations to the national level, along with corresponding estimates of the uncertainty in these predictions. Results: As of 2018, the prevalence of onchocerciasis infection continues to be concentrated across central and western Africa, with the highest mean estimates at the national level in Ghana (12.2%, 95% uncertainty interval [UI] 5.0–22.7). Mean estimates exceed 5% infection prevalence at the national level for Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, and South Sudan. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that onchocerciasis infection has declined over the last two decades throughout western and central Africa. Focal areas of Angola, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, South Sudan, and Uganda continue to have mean microfiladermia prevalence estimates exceeding 25%. At and above this level, the continuation or initiation of mass drug administration with ivermectin is supported. If national programs aim to eliminate onchocerciasis infection, additional surveillance or supervision of areas of predicted high prevalence would be warranted to ensure sufficiently high coverage of program interventions. © 2022, The Author(s).Geospatial modelNeglected tropical diseasesOnchocerciasis