Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N. (7005197466)Konstantinos N. (7005197466)FountoulakisKarakatsoulis, Gregory (57228040800)Gregory (57228040800)KarakatsoulisAbraham, Seri (57202677282)Seri (57202677282)AbrahamAdorjan, Kristina (56395403700)Kristina (56395403700)AdorjanAhmed, Helal Uddin (56454801400)Helal Uddin (56454801400)AhmedAlarcón, Renato D. (35570086800)Renato D. (35570086800)AlarcónArai, Kiyomi (57324561600)Kiyomi (57324561600)AraiAuwal, Sani Salihu (56419773200)Sani Salihu (56419773200)AuwalBerk, Michael (56760657800)Michael (56760657800)BerkLevaj, Sarah (57955121200)Sarah (57955121200)LevajBobes, Julio (7005688230)Julio (7005688230)BobesBobes-Bascaran, Teresa (57219908803)Teresa (57219908803)Bobes-BascaranBourgin-Duchesnay, Julie (36967463700)Julie (36967463700)Bourgin-DuchesnayBredicean, Cristina Ana (37033574200)Cristina Ana (37033574200)BrediceanBukelskis, Laurynas (36738700900)Laurynas (36738700900)BukelskisBurkadze, Akaki (57325122800)Akaki (57325122800)BurkadzeAbud, Indira Indiana Cabrera (57324749300)Indira Indiana Cabrera (57324749300)AbudCastilla-Puentes, Ruby (16237948000)Ruby (16237948000)Castilla-PuentesCetkovich, Marcelo (23995136500)Marcelo (23995136500)CetkovichColon-Rivera, Hector (55763655100)Hector (55763655100)Colon-RiveraCorral, Ricardo (35733558000)Ricardo (35733558000)CorralCortez-Vergara, Carla (56403258900)Carla (56403258900)Cortez-VergaraCrepin, Piirika (57210364089)Piirika (57210364089)CrepinDe Berardis, Domenico (7801377515)Domenico (7801377515)De BerardisDelgado, Sergio Zamora (57323816400)Sergio Zamora (57323816400)DelgadoDe Lucena, David (35242053500)David (35242053500)De LucenaDe Sousa, Avinash (23026946100)Avinash (23026946100)De SousaStefano, Ramona Di (57388953700)Ramona Di (57388953700)StefanoDodd, Seetal (7102997494)Seetal (7102997494)DoddElek, Livia Priyanka (57220151541)Livia Priyanka (57220151541)ElekElissa, Anna (57324190600)Anna (57324190600)ElissaErdelyi-Hamza, Berta (57220150789)Berta (57220150789)Erdelyi-HamzaErzin, Gamze (57189375175)Gamze (57189375175)ErzinEtchevers, Martin J. (57211781540)Martin J. (57211781540)EtcheversFalkai, Peter (7006453025)Peter (7006453025)FalkaiFarcas, Adriana (57324752000)Adriana (57324752000)FarcasFedotov, Ilya (57188826791)Ilya (57188826791)FedotovFilatova, Viktoriia (57295212900)Viktoriia (57295212900)FilatovaFountoulakis, Nikolaos K. (57219939175)Nikolaos K. (57219939175)FountoulakisFrankova, Iryna (57192974170)Iryna (57192974170)FrankovaFranza, Francesco (14022778100)Francesco (14022778100)FranzaFrias, Pedro (57324752100)Pedro (57324752100)FriasGalako, Tatiana (57224812685)Tatiana (57224812685)GalakoGaray, Cristian J. (24764558200)Cristian J. (24764558200)GarayGarcia-Álvarez, Leticia (55865157500)Leticia (55865157500)Garcia-ÁlvarezGarcía-Portilla, Maria Paz (6508280070)Maria Paz (6508280070)García-PortillaGonda, Xenia (8701430000)Xenia (8701430000)GondaGondek, Tomasz M. (57015264400)Tomasz M. (57015264400)GondekGonzález, Daniela Morera (57324003900)Daniela Morera (57324003900)GonzálezGould, Hilary (57323816500)Hilary (57323816500)GouldGrandinetti, Paolo (55487378900)Paolo (55487378900)GrandinettiGrau, Arturo (25825013900)Arturo (25825013900)GrauGroudeva, Violeta (55845165900)Violeta (55845165900)GroudevaHagin, Michal (26321588200)Michal (26321588200)HaginHarada, Takayuki (57324940800)Takayuki (57324940800)HaradaHasan, Tasdik M. (58851153100)Tasdik M. (58851153100)HasanRazali, Salmi (56270543400)Salmi (56270543400)RazaliHilbig, Jan (55862200500)Jan (55862200500)HilbigHossain, Sahadat (57188667199)Sahadat (57188667199)HossainIakimova, Rossitza (57214127026)Rossitza (57214127026)IakimovaIbrahim, Mona (57324190700)Mona (57324190700)IbrahimIftene, Felicia (6505797229)Felicia (6505797229)IfteneIgnatenko, Yulia (57295645400)Yulia (57295645400)IgnatenkoIrarrazaval, Matias (56421961200)Matias (56421961200)IrarrazavalIsmail, Zaliha (57215491732)Zaliha (57215491732)IsmailIsmayilova, Jamila (57192540096)Jamila (57192540096)IsmayilovaJakobs, Asaf (57213715111)Asaf (57213715111)JakobsJakovljević, Miro (7005875600)Miro (7005875600)JakovljevićJakšić, Nenad (54585265200)Nenad (54585265200)JakšićJaved, Afzal (25225885000)Afzal (25225885000)JavedKafali, Helin Yilmaz (57214879279)Helin Yilmaz (57214879279)KafaliKaria, Sagar (55822005400)Sagar (55822005400)KariaKazakova, Olga (56875280700)Olga (56875280700)KazakovaKhalifa, Doaa (6507861834)Doaa (6507861834)KhalifaKhaustova, Olena (57200616532)Olena (57200616532)KhaustovaKoh, Steve (37008574800)Steve (37008574800)KohKopishinskaia, Svetlana (57212340616)Svetlana (57212340616)KopishinskaiaKosenko, Korneliia (57324562800)Korneliia (57324562800)KosenkoVadon, Nikolett Beata (57909913700)Nikolett Beata (57909913700)VadonLalljee, Alisha (57324378600)Alisha (57324378600)LalljeeLiewig, Justine (57323816700)Justine (57323816700)LiewigMajid, Abdul (57201841192)Abdul (57201841192)MajidMalashonkova, Evgeniia (57324752300)Evgeniia (57324752300)MalashonkovaMalik, Khamelia (57204114533)Khamelia (57204114533)MalikMalik, Najma Iqbal (56804470900)Najma Iqbal (56804470900)MalikMammadzada, Gulay (57200580925)Gulay (57200580925)MammadzadaMandalia, Bilvesh (57323816800)Bilvesh (57323816800)MandaliaMarazziti, Donatella (35429670600)Donatella (35429670600)MarazzitiMarčinko, Darko (56265554700)Darko (56265554700)MarčinkoMartinez, Stephanie (57324563000)Stephanie (57324563000)MartinezMatiekus, Eimantas (57324378700)Eimantas (57324378700)MatiekusMejia, Gabriela (57324940900)Gabriela (57324940900)MejiaMemon, Roha Saeed (57201852660)Roha Saeed (57201852660)MemonMartínez, Xarah Elenne Meza (57324190800)Xarah Elenne Meza (57324190800)MartínezMickevičiūtė, Dalia (57324378800)Dalia (57324378800)MickevičiūtėMilev, Roumen (12784225100)Roumen (12784225100)MilevMohammed, Muftau (57218541690)Muftau (57218541690)MohammedMolina-López, Alejandro (56724150300)Alejandro (56724150300)Molina-LópezMorozov, Petr (56654943200)Petr (56654943200)MorozovMuhammad, Nuru Suleiman (57324378900)Nuru Suleiman (57324378900)MuhammadMustač, Filip (57215776819)Filip (57215776819)MustačNaor, Mika S. (57220896671)Mika S. (57220896671)NaorNassieb, Amira (57324563200)Amira (57324563200)NassiebNavickas, Alvydas (6504772836)Alvydas (6504772836)NavickasOkasha, Tarek (55893320000)Tarek (55893320000)OkashaPandova, Milena (55876756600)Milena (55876756600)PandovaPanfil, Anca-Livia (57212058859)Anca-Livia (57212058859)PanfilPanteleeva, Liliya (57217825931)Liliya (57217825931)PanteleevaPapava, Ion (36998654900)Ion (36998654900)PapavaPavlichenko, Alexey (55340951600)Alexey (55340951600)PavlichenkoPejuskovic, Bojana (57212194956)Bojana (57212194956)Pejuskovicda Costa, Mariana Pinto (55846062800)Mariana Pinto (55846062800)da CostaPopkov, Mikhail (57324941000)Mikhail (57324941000)PopkovPopovic, Dina (23992990300)Dina (23992990300)PopovicRaduan, Nor Jannah Nasution (57208686813)Nor Jannah Nasution (57208686813)RaduanRamírez, Francisca Vargas (57324563300)Francisca Vargas (57324563300)RamírezRancans, Elmars (6507132500)Elmars (6507132500)RancansHashim, Nurul Azreen (56581558800)Nurul Azreen (56581558800)HashimRebok, Federico (28568080400)Federico (28568080400)RebokRewekant, Anna (57210125491)Anna (57210125491)RewekantFlores, Elena Ninoska Reyes (57323816900)Elena Ninoska Reyes (57323816900)FloresRivera-Encinas, María Teresa (57202954297)María Teresa (57202954297)Rivera-EncinasSaiz, Pilar (6701773042)Pilar (6701773042)Saizde Carmona, Manuel Sánchez (47461601300)Manuel Sánchez (47461601300)de CarmonaMartínez, David Saucedo (57323817000)David Saucedo (57323817000)MartínezSaw, Jo Anne (57221306758)Jo Anne (57221306758)SawSaygili, Görkem (36062133300)Görkem (36062133300)SaygiliSchneidereit, Patricia (57324190900)Patricia (57324190900)SchneidereitShah, Bhumika (57224662604)Bhumika (57224662604)ShahShirasaka, Tomohiro (7005625709)Tomohiro (7005625709)ShirasakaSilagadze, Ketevan (57211533424)Ketevan (57211533424)SilagadzeSitanggang, Satti (57200191325)Satti (57200191325)SitanggangSkugarevsky, Oleg (24173625800)Oleg (24173625800)SkugarevskySpikina, Anna (58888387000)Anna (58888387000)SpikinaMahalingappa, Sridevi Sira (55071048300)Sridevi Sira (55071048300)MahalingappaStoyanova, Maria (57215481695)Maria (57215481695)StoyanovaSzczegielniak, Anna (55586445900)Anna (55586445900)SzczegielniakTamasan, Simona Claudia (57196050056)Simona Claudia (57196050056)TamasanTavormina, Giuseppe (56002001900)Giuseppe (56002001900)TavorminaTavormina, Maurilio Giuseppe Maria (56451127100)Maurilio Giuseppe Maria (56451127100)TavorminaTohen, Mauricio (7005960357)Mauricio (7005960357)TohenTsapakis, Eva Maria (6602304391)Eva Maria (6602304391)TsapakisTukhvatullina, Dina (57321013900)Dina (57321013900)TukhvatullinaUllah, Irfan (57211152020)Irfan (57211152020)UllahVaidya, Ratnaraj (57325125000)Ratnaraj (57325125000)VaidyaVega-Dienstmaier, Johann M. (6602693575)Johann M. (6602693575)Vega-DienstmaierVrublevska, Jelena (55976721400)Jelena (55976721400)VrublevskaVukovic, Olivera (14044368800)Olivera (14044368800)VukovicVysotska, Olga (57204504528)Olga (57204504528)VysotskaWidiasih, Natalia (55645736200)Natalia (55645736200)WidiasihYashikhina, Anna (57200702945)Anna (57200702945)YashikhinaSmirnova, Daria (55086067800)Daria (55086067800)Smirnova2025-07-022025-07-022025https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116459https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105001588925&doi=10.1016%2fj.psychres.2025.116459&partnerID=40&md5=7221b8c53a23d0d91c383668ab768babhttps://remedy.med.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/11384Introduction: This study registered rates of specific treatment options for mental disorders as well as their long-term outcome. Material and methods: The history of mental disorders was used as a proxy for diagnosis. The data came from the COMET-G study (40 countries; 54,826 subjects, 64.73 % females, 35.45±13.51 years old). The analysis included descriptive statistics, Risk Ratios, t-tests, and ANCOVA's. Results: 24.14 % reported a history of any mental disorder (depression >12 %, non-affective psychosis and Bipolar disorder 1 % each, >20 % self-injury, >10 % had attempted suicide, 7.17 % illegal substance abuse). Most patients were not under any kind of treatment (59.44 %) and most were not receiving treatment as recommended (e.g. 90 % of Bipolar and 2/3 of psychotic patients). No treatment at all and psychotherapy as monotherapy were consistently related to poorer outcomes. In anxiety or depression, only antidepressant monotherapy and benzodiazepines, in Bipolar disorder only antipsychotic monotherapy in males and antidepressant monotherapy in females and in non-affective psychosis antipsychotics and psychotherapy in females only, were related to good outcomes. No treatment modality was related to a good outcome in those with a history of self-harm, suicidal attempts, or illegal substance use. Only depression and treatment with antidepressants were related to metabolic syndrome. Discussion: In the community, the overwhelming majority of mental patients do not receive appropriate treatment or, even worse, no treatment at all. The outcome is unfavourable for the majority and only a few selective treatment options seem to make a difference. © 2025DisabilityEpidemiologyMental healthMetabolic syndromeOutcomesPsychiatryTreatment