Trajkovic, Vladimir (7004516866)Vladimir (7004516866)TrajkovicSweet, Matthew J. (35373091000)Matthew J. (35373091000)SweetXu, Damo (7404073685)Damo (7404073685)Xu2025-07-022025-07-022004https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.02.004https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1942535018&doi=10.1016%2fj.cytogfr.2004.02.004&partnerID=40&md5=3d9d8d5f592d5f8b9dafcd117672b127https://remedy.med.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/14389Th2-associated factors such as IL-4 are involved in both the development of Th2 responses (via modulating Th2 cell differentiation) and in the effector phase of Th2 responses (via modulating macrophage activation). The IL-1 receptor-like protein ST2 (T1, Fit-1, or DER4) is expressed as a membrane-bound (ST2L) or secreted form (sST2), and has been clearly implicated as a regulator of both the development and effector phases of Th2-type responses. Here we analyze the mechanisms and therapeutic implications of the unique ability of ST2 to promote development and function of type 2 helper T cells through a positive feedback loop, as well as to act as a negative feedback modulator of macrophage pro-inflammatory function. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.CytokinesIL-1Immune responseT1/ST2Th2TLR