Dávila, Francisco (57972770700)Francisco (57972770700)DávilaRosito, Tiago (24468957800)Tiago (24468957800)RositoStojanovic, Borko (54390096600)Borko (54390096600)StojanovicMartins, Francisco E. (7006504376)Francisco E. (7006504376)Martins2025-06-122025-06-122022https://doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2021.133https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142312355&doi=10.20517%2f2347-9264.2021.133&partnerID=40&md5=b3e7c9944b92d139fd6cd00335b21287https://remedy.med.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3687Although urethral strictures have been known since antiquity, the surgical management of urethral strictures has undergone a great (re)evolution over the last six decades, both in the perception of the disease and in the surgical repair techniques, always presenting itself as a challenge for the surgeon and patient. Reconstruction of urethral stricture disease involving a combination of grafts and flaps consists of a group of complex procedures with specific clinical indications. The knowledge of these procedures by reconstructive urologists is both necessary and relevant. A thorough understanding of the anatomy, including blood supply, is a crucial proviso for the correct evaluation and successful management of urethral stricture disease. We discuss the main techniques and indications in combined graft and flap urethroplasties. © The Author(s) 2022.combined urethral surgerygenital flappenile flapreconstructive urologyurethral stenosisUrethral stricture