Attentional set-shifting in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait-acquisition and discrimination set learning deficits at the background?

Stefanova, Elka (7004567022)Elka (7004567022)StefanovaLukić, Milica Ječmenica (35801126700)Milica Ječmenica (35801126700)LukićŽiropadja, Ljubomir (6508278369)Ljubomir (6508278369)ŽiropadjaMarković, Vladana (55324145700)Vladana (55324145700)MarkovićStojković, Tanja (57211211787)Tanja (57211211787)StojkovićTomić, Aleksandra (26654535200)Aleksandra (26654535200)TomićMišković, Nataša Dragašević (56418069100)Nataša Dragašević (56418069100)MiškovićKostić, Vladimir (57189017751)Vladimir (57189017751)Kostić2025-07-022025-07-022014https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617714000769https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84910612902&doi=10.1017%2fS1355617714000769&partnerID=40&md5=9927c8883db5b87171e446438a5a10ddhttps://remedy.med.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/13580Cognitive loading aggravates the freezing of gait (FoG), which is observed in approximately 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in the advanced stages. To investigate whether a specific pattern of executive deficits, that is, attentional set-shifting and/or inhibitory control, are associated with FoG in PD, 30 PD patients with FoG (PD-FoG+) and 36 PD patients without FoG (PD-FoG-) and 22 control healthy subjects were examined with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Intra-Extra Dimensional Set shifting Test (IED) and Stop Signal Task (SST), selected from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Battery (CANTAB battery), were administered to analyze set-shifting and motor inhibition, respectively. The IED task was significantly sensitive for differentiating between PD-FoG+ and PD-FoG- groups (p<.01), as well Adenbrook's clock drawing task (p=.033). By contrast, no differences emerged on any aspect of the SST task and other cognitive tasks. The attrition rate during the IED task showed that the problem in the PD-FoG+ group appeared at the pre-ID level, on the discrimination-learning set; the 32% PD-FoG+ subjects did not achieve the ID level of the task in comparison to negligible 4% of the PD-FoG- patients (p=.011). The logistic regression analysis, indicated the higher the IED stage successfully completed, the less likely presence of FoG in PD subjects. These results demonstrate that the complex cognitive-motor interplay might be responsible for FoG in PD and have had real life implication for the patients. Copyright © 2014 The International Neuropsychological Society.AttentionCognitionDiscrimination learningFreezinghumansMovement disorderAttentional set-shifting in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait-acquisition and discrimination set learning deficits at the background?