Chytilova, Eva (16311415400)Eva (16311415400)ChytilovaJemcov, Tamara (14010471900)Tamara (14010471900)JemcovMalik, Jan (7101991655)Jan (7101991655)MalikPajek, Jernej (8683002900)Jernej (8683002900)PajekFila, Branko (25723148800)Branko (25723148800)FilaKavan, Jan (55298993500)Jan (55298993500)Kavan2025-06-122025-06-122021https://doi.org/10.1177/1129729820965064https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111245351&doi=10.1177%2f1129729820965064&partnerID=40&md5=3bdaf0dd0a77b3206a663eb7c49fc4cehttps://remedy.med.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4002The goal of vascular access creation is to achieve a functioning arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG). An autologous fistula has been shown to be superior to AVG or to central venous catheters (CVCs) with lowest rate of re-intervention, but vessel obstruction or immaturity accounts for 20 % to 54% of cases with primary failure of AVF. This review is focused on the factors influencing maturation; indication and timing of preoperative mapping/creation of vascular access; ultrasound parameters for creation AVF/AVG; early postoperative complications following creation of a vascular access; ultrasound determinants of fistula maturation and endovascular intervention in vascular access with maturation failure. However, vascular accesses that fail to develop, have a high incidence of correctable abnormalities, and these need to be promptly recognized by ultrasonography and managed effectively if a high success rate is to be expected. We review approaches to promoting fistula maturation and duplex ultrasonography (DUS) of evaluating vascular access maturation. © The Author(s) 2021.arteriovenous fistulaHemodialysismaturationultrasoundvascular access