Sparic, Radmila (23487159800)Radmila (23487159800)SparicAndjic, Mladen (57725550500)Mladen (57725550500)AndjicVergara, Daniele (23010689300)Daniele (23010689300)VergaraMorciano, Andrea (36492237600)Andrea (36492237600)MorcianoD’Oria, Ottavia (58314356300)Ottavia (58314356300)D’OriaBaldini, Giorgio Maria (57226504707)Giorgio Maria (57226504707)BaldiniMalvasi, Antonio (15045047100)Antonio (15045047100)MalvasiTinelli, Andrea (15046058900)Andrea (15046058900)Tinelli2025-06-122025-06-122024https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-023-07227-xhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85172284583&doi=10.1007%2fs00404-023-07227-x&partnerID=40&md5=a998ff7b40090e3866115c7417bddca3https://remedy.med.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1259Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-reproductive disease linked not just to infertility but also to serious comorbidities. There is a reported association between low vitamin D levels and multiple health conditions including PCOS. This narrative review aims to analyze the role of vitamin D in PCOS development, use of the vitamin D in the treatment of PCOS, and the molecular basis of these observations. Methods: A Medline and PubMed research was performed, during the years 1990–2023, using a combination of keywords on such topic. According to the author's evaluation and target, papers were identified and included for a narrative review. Results: There are associations between lower levels of vitamin D and PCOS, as well as with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, hyperandrogenemia, metabolic and endocrine disorders as well as the onset of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory milieu, in PCOS women. Conclusion: Vitamin D has a role in pathologic changes linked to PCOS. Molecular and clinical investigations which give new information about the role of vitamin D in the development of PCOS and related endocrine and metabolic disturbance are further needed. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.Endocrine disordersInsulin resistanceMetabolic syndromePCOSVitamin D