Lekic, Nebojsa (57191481699)Nebojsa (57191481699)LekicTadic, Boris (57210134550)Boris (57210134550)TadicDjordjevic, Vladimir (56019682600)Vladimir (56019682600)DjordjevicBasaric, Dragan (6506303741)Dragan (6506303741)BasaricMicev, Marjan (7003864533)Marjan (7003864533)MicevVucelic, Dragica (19934507000)Dragica (19934507000)VucelicMitrovic, Milica (56257450700)Milica (56257450700)MitrovicGrubor, Nikola (57208582781)Nikola (57208582781)Grubor2025-06-122025-06-122022https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020184https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124130346&doi=10.3390%2fmedicina58020184&partnerID=40&md5=fde6074cdc2d4374f9bb064cbd9787e9https://remedy.med.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3751Visceral leishmaniasis (also known as kala-azar) is characterized by fever, weight loss, swelling of the spleen and liver, and pancytopenia. If it is not treated, the fatality rate in developing countries can be as high as 100% within 2 years. In a high risk situation for perioperative bleeding due to severe thrombocytopenia/coagulopathy, we present a rare challenge for urgent splenectomy in a patient with previously undiagnosed visceral leishmaniasis. A histologic examination of the spleen revealed a visceral leishmaniasis, and the patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Impaired hemostasisSplenectomyThromboelastometryVisceral leishmaniasis