Browsing by Author "Vitošević, Biljana (9232864400)"

Introducton/Objective Insufficiency of relevant anatomic data and great neurological and neurosurgical significance were the reasons for this study with scientific and practical implications. The purpose was to determine, at the transverse in situ section of the head, the position and relations of the sylvian aqueduct of the mesencephalon by measuring its distances from particular brain and calvaria structures. Also, the aim was to determine the same distances according to axial sections by using MRI. Methods The material consisted of twenty autopsy human heads. The section of the head was made at the level of the tentorial hiatus and the midbrain. After that, we measured the distances between the cerebral aqueduct and a) posterior border of the optic chiasm, b) upper border of the dorsum sellae, c) terminal bifurcation of the basilar artery, d) beginning of the straight sinus, e) internal occipital protuberance, f) tentorial edge (lateral from the aqueduct), and g) internal surface of the calvaria (lateral to the aqueduct). We determined the same distances by the MRI system. The measurements were made in 37 subjects. Results The numerical data obtained by this study will be of benefit to neurosurgeons in choosing a surgical approach to the contents of the incisural space, and to neurologists for the exact localization of the lesion and interpretation of certain signs and symptoms. Conclusion The results of a detailed examination of the sylvian aqueduct position and relations have shown that the use of MRI is the morphometric method of choice, because it is more precise for all the parameters monitored than in situ measurements. © 2017, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

Introduction/Objective The aim of this study was to examine the immunohistochemical features of the vascularization of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), as well as the quantification of capillaries within the three segments of the ACL; proximal, middle and distal. The quantification and metric characteristics of mast cells of the ACL are the second goal of this research. Methods In total, 30 human ACL of 30 persons, obtained during routine autopsy, were examined under the microscope, following immunohistochemical reactions against CD34 of blood vessels and MastTrip of mast cells. Results The middle genicular artery close to the ACL gave off branches for the supply of ligament itself. Each field of mm2 contained an average number of 1113.84 (959–1240), microvessels in ACL proximal third, an average number of 1145.43 (924–1310) microvessels in ACL middle third, and an average number of 1134.55 (889–1451) microvessels in ACL distal third. An average number of mast cells of the ACL was 3.8 per mm2. In the peripheral synovial zone of the ACL, we counted 12.6 mast cells per mm2. An average area value of the mast cells was 124.7 μm2, and an average value of shorter and longer axis of the mast cells was 11.2 × 15.0 μm. Conclusion There was no statistically significant differences between the average numbers of intraliga-mentous microvessels of the ACL thirds (p > 0.05), confirming and supporting our hypothesis of uniform distribution of blood supply within the ACL. © 2022, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

Introduction/Objective The aim of this study was a detailed examination of microanatomy of the medial posterior choroidal artery (MPChA). Methods The microanatomical characteristics of the MPChA were studied in 30 formalin fixed brain hemispheres using 6.3–10 × magnification of the stereoscopic microscope. The arteries were injected with the mixture of 10% India ink and gelatin. The second group of 10 hemispheres consisted of specimens injected with methyl methacrylate fluid into the cerebral arterial vessels, for the preparation of corrosion casts. Results The MPChA was present in all 30 hemispheres, always as the single artery. The MPChA were divided into proximal and distal types of vessels. We distinguished two segments of the MPChA: a cis-ternal and plexal. Proximal MPChA was present in 53.3% of cases, with the caliber of 0.6–1 mm (mean 0.8 mm). Тhe point of its origin from the posterior cerebral artery was always before the origin of the first temporal cortical branch. Distal MPChA existed in 46.7% of cases, with the diameter of 0.4–1 (mean 0.74 mm). The cisternal segment the most frequently gave of the origin of fine branches to the cerebral crus, medial geniculate body and thalamus. The plexal segment gave rise arteries to the thalamus, and choroid branches for the supply of the choroid plexus of the third ventricle. Anastomoses in the region of the MPChA were found in all of 20 examined brains, most often among the plexal branches. Conclusion The results describing the microanatomical characteristics of the MPChA may have diagnostic and microsurgical significance. © 2023, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.

Introduction/Objective Compression, also called strain elastography imaging techniques, represent new echotomographic modality, which is a promising method for the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions, not only in the thyroid gland but also in other organs. The objective of this study is to evaluate the importance of compression elastography in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods We performed echotomographic examinations in B mode, and examinations using compression elastography in a total of 186 persons (152 females and 34 males, with the average age of 45.3 ± 13.5 years), with 264 nodules in the thyroid gland. Elastography was done in two steps: the first one through scoring elastographic figures, and the second one through the determination of the resistance index (strain ratio – SR). Results Using elastography scores by Fukunari, 44 of 60 malignant nodules had a score of 3–4, while 152 of the 204 benign nodules had a score of 1–2. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the best cut-off point obtained using elastography scores was 2, with a sensitivity of 73.3% and specificity of 74.5%. Using the software-calculated SR we found that out of 89 nodules with SR ≥ 2.5, 52 were malignant nodules, while out of 175 nodules with SR < 2.5, 167 were benign nodules. Using the ROC analysis, the best cut-off point obtained using SR was > 2.5, with a sensitivity of 86.7%, and specificity of 81.9%. Conclusion As a follow-up of standard echotomographic examination in B mode, compression elastography is a newly developed and promising technique in the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions. © 2017, Serbia Medical Society. All rights reserved.