Browsing by Author "Cutolo, Maurizio (7103329735)"

Connective tissues diseases (CTDs) can also be diagnosed early by “external” and safe imaging methods beyond the visceral organ analysis. This study aims to explore various imaging techniques used in diagnosing CTDs. Skin impairment in systemic sclerosis (SSc) may be recognized and studied by the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), which has some drawbacks, whereas high-frequency ultrasound (US) seems advantageous for the early identification of skin involvement. Salivary gland involvement in Sjögren syndrome (SS) can be assessed using standard tests such as unstimulated salivary flow test, salivary gland scintigraphy or contrast sialography. However, US of the major salivary glands, as an alternative, seems a reliable method with good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of SS. Both the qualitative and quantitative nailfold capillaroscopic (NVC) assessments in SSc patients affected by the Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) may assist in making a differential diagnosis between primary and secondary RP. Microcirculatory imaging by NVC, along with the laser Doppler analysis, seems useful in the prediction of complications and prognosis in CTDs (i.e. SSc) and in monitoring therapeutic trials. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Objectives: To determine if mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) can be considered an independent clinical entity, to compare 3 different classification criteria for MCTD (Kasukawa, Alarcón-Segovia, and Sharp), and to define predictors (clinical features and autoantibodies) of potential evolution toward other connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Methods: One hundred sixty-one MCTD patients were evaluated retrospectively at the diagnosis and in 2008. They were classified, at the diagnosis, according to the 3 classification criteria of MCTD (Sharp, Alarcón-Segovia, and Kasukawa) and reclassified in 2008 according to their evolution. Statistical analyses were performed to find out predictors (clinical features and autoantibodies) of evolution into other CTDs. Results: After a mean of 7.9 years of disease, 57.9% of patients still satisfied MCTD classification criteria of Kasukawa; 17.3% evolved into systemic sclerosis, 9.1% into systemic lupus erythematosus, 2.5% into rheumatoid arthritis, 11.5% was reclassified as affected by undifferentiated connective tissue disease, and 1.7% as suffering from overlap syndrome. Kasukawa's criteria were more sensitive (75%) in comparison to those of Alarcón-Segovia (73%) and Sharp (42%). The presence of anti-DNA antibodies (P = 0.012) was associated with evolution into systemic lupus erythematosus; hypomotility or dilation of esophagus (P < 0.001); and sclerodactyly (P = 0.034) with evolution into systemic sclerosis. Conclusions: MCTD is a distinct clinical entity but it is evident that a subgroup of patients may evolve into another CTD during disease progression. Initial clinical features and autoantibodies can be useful to predict disease evolution. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.